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Topological Aspects of Gapped and Gapless Quantum Matter- [electronic resource]
Topological Aspects of Gapped and Gapless Quantum Matter - [electronic resource]
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Topological Aspects of Gapped and Gapless Quantum Matter- [electronic resource]
자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101507
ISBN  
9798380389471
DDC  
530
저자명  
Tam, Pok Man.
서명/저자  
Topological Aspects of Gapped and Gapless Quantum Matter - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of Pennsylvania., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(271 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kane, Charles L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Quantum phases of matter can be classified into two kinds: gapped or gapless, depending on whether the equilibrium ground state is separated from excited states by a finite energy window or not in the thermodynamic limit. Topology has played an important role in the understanding of both gapped and gapless phases of matter. This thesis uncovers several robust physical properties of both kinds of systems which are largely unexplored before. For gapped systems, we study topological orders, which are characterized by the existence of anyonic quasiparticles with fractional braiding statistics. In the first part, we introduce a family of Abelian quantum Hall insulators, at filling factors ν = p/2q for bosonic systems and ν = p/(p + 2q) for fermionic systems, with p and q being two coprime integers. These states are termed the nondiagonal quantum Hall states, which are constructed in a coupled wire model that exhibits an intimate relation to the nondiagonal conformal field theory and has a constrained pattern of motion for anyons. We unveil a nontrivial interplay between charge symmetry and translation symmetry in this system, and establish the nondiagonal quantum Hall states as symmetry-enriched topological orders. In the second part, we introduce a related model of interacting electrons, but in the absence of a strong quantizing magnetic field, known as the toric code insulator. It is constructed from a two-dimensional array of strongly coupled one-dimensional topological superconductors, which feature electron fractionalization and possesses anyonic excitations described by the Z2 topological order. The motion of anyons is again constrained, and different types of anyons can be related by the translation symmetry. Nondiagonal quantum Hall states and the toric code insulator are convincing examples that itinerant electronic systems can realize interesting symmetry-enriched topological orders. For gapless quantum matters we focus on a particularly familiar class, the metals, but we uncover their topological aspects which were much less appreciated. Every metal is characterized by a Fermi surface of gapless excitations, and the Fermi surface surrounds a manifold in the momentum space, known as the Fermi sea. The ground state of a non-interacting metal, or a Fermi gas, consists of all single-electron states within the Fermi sea. The shape of the Fermi sea has a natural topological characterization in terms of the Euler characteristic χF , and a fundamental question that we address in this thesis is: does χF imply any robust physical properties in metals, and how can they be measured? In the third part of the thesis, χF is connected to physically measurable quantities, such as equal-time density-density correlation functions, and multipartite entanglement measures, such as the mutual information. Particularly, for three dimensions, we establish that the 4-partite mutual information is a robust probe of the Fermi sea topology even in the presence of Fermi-liquid interactions. In the last part, we focus on two dimensions, and propose an experimentally accessible platform to probe χF for any two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) that respects time-reversal symmetry. The proposed experimental setup is a Josephson π-junction, and we predict that the electrical transport in the direction along the junction exhibits a current-rectification effect that is controlled by the underlying Fermi sea topology. Due to the relation to Andreev state transport, we term this effect topological Andreev rectification. The size of rectification is quantified by a nonlocal rectified conductance, which is established to attain an integer quantized value that equals χF (in unit of e 2/h). Extensive numerical simulations are performed to support our theoretical proposal, and material platforms such as InAs heterostructures and graphene are identified as promising candidates to demonstrate this effect.
일반주제명  
Physics.
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics.
일반주제명  
Quantum physics.
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry.
키워드  
Andreev bound state
키워드  
Anyon
키워드  
Fermi sea topology
키워드  
Quantum entanglement
키워드  
Quantum transport
키워드  
Topological order
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Physics and Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
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