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Essays on Minimum Wage and Immigration Policy- [electronic resource]
Essays on Minimum Wage and Immigration Policy - [electronic resource]
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Essays on Minimum Wage and Immigration Policy- [electronic resource]
자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101626
ISBN  
9798380483636
DDC  
500
저자명  
Pousada, Ana Beatriz Ract.
서명/저자  
Essays on Minimum Wage and Immigration Policy - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Stanford University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(181 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hoxby, Caroline Minter.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation has three chapters that leverage natural experiments to provide causal evidence on labor market policies. The first chapter focuses on policies aimed at low-wage workers. The second and third chapters focus on the impact of immigration policy on the host country's labor market.The first chapter provides causal evidence on the effect of implementing or increasing a wage floor (an occupation-specific minimum wage) on the wage difference between outsourced, insourced, and informal workers, the employment of outsourced and insourced workers, and the size of the informal labor market. To do so, I use matched employer-employee data from Brazil focusing on the labor market for cleaning workers. Brazil has regional occupation-specific wage floors that increased in response to yearly federal minimum wage increases that affected all regions and occupations starting in 2000. Since regions with lower wage floors were much more affected, to estimate the causal effect, I compare regions with lower wage floors in 1999 against regions with higher wage floors in 1999. Estimation results show that a 23% wage floor increase, the average real increase between 2000 and 2010, decreases the outsourced wage penalty in half. This reduction in the wage gap makes outsourced workers relatively more expensive than insourced workers, which reduces outsourcing employment by 70%. The majority of this reduction in outsourced worker employment comes from less entry of new outsourced workers or from workers transferring into formal jobs in other occupations, and only the minority comes from workers leaving the formal labor market. Finally, I find no significant effect on informal worker employment and a 40% reduction in the informal wage penalty.The second chapter characterizes the contribution of immigrants to US innovation. Leveraging new data, we use age of SSN assignment to identify immigrant status. Immigrants represent 16 percent of inventors, but authored 23 percent of patents. Immigrant inventors contribute to knowledge diffusion across borders. They disproportionately rely on foreign technologies and inventor collaborations, and are cited more abroad. Using variation from premature inventor deaths, we find immigrant inventors create stronger innovation productivity spillovers on their collaborators, as compared to US-born inventors. A simple model implies immigrants are responsible for 36 percent of aggregate innovation, two-thirds due to innovation externalities on US-born collaboratorsFinally, the third chapter estimates if the large influx of immigrants to Brazil between 1870 and 1920 contributed to the decline in women's participation in manufacturing employment that happened during the same period. To do so, I assemble a novel country-wide data set that covers employment by gender and industry for the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in Brazil. To estimate the causal effect, I used a shift-share instrument similar to Card (2001). It predicts the influx of immigrants by assuming that immigrants of a specific nationality are more likely to settle in states that already have a large population from their home country. My results show that if the immigration rate were to increase by 28.83 percentage points (one standard deviation) the change in the proportion of women working in manufacturing between 1872 and 1920 would have increased from -14.6 to -6.2 percentage points. This indicates that, counter-intuitively, the increase in immigration actually slowed down the decline in women's labor force participation in manufacturing.
일반주제명  
Decomposition.
일반주제명  
Dependent variables.
일반주제명  
Occupations.
일반주제명  
Mathematical problems.
일반주제명  
Inventors.
일반주제명  
Immigrants.
일반주제명  
Immigration.
일반주제명  
Census of Population.
일반주제명  
Industrial engineering.
일반주제명  
Mathematics.
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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