본문

Essays in Tax Avoidance and Evasion- [electronic resource]
Essays in Tax Avoidance and Evasion - [electronic resource]
Contents Info
Essays in Tax Avoidance and Evasion- [electronic resource]
Material Type  
 단행본
 
0016931897
Date and Time of Latest Transaction  
20240214100345
ISBN  
9798380380539
DDC  
350
Author  
Brounstein, Jakob.
Title/Author  
Essays in Tax Avoidance and Evasion - [electronic resource]
Publish Info  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2023
Publish Info  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
Material Info  
1 online resource(240 p.)
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: A.
General Note  
Advisor: Zucman, Gabriel;Saez, Emmanuel;Auerbach, Alan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Abstracts/Etc  
요약Taxation is the primary means by which governments engage in the redistribution of resources and in the provision of goods and services. From determining the breadth and generosity of the social safety net to influencing broader societal inequality, taxation plays a central role in shaping our lives. Moreover, for the purposes of fortifying public coffers and promoting different kinds of egalitarian values to varying extents, the burden of taxation has, at least in principle, broadly evolved to fall disproportionately of those with the greatest concentration of resources, which we refer to as progressive taxation.However, taxation also often induces distortions in incentives and behavior; it is not profound to point out that taxpayers do not like paying taxes. Entire disciplines and industries have evolved so as to empower those with the most resources to mitigate their tax obligations. Indeed, much of the history of taxation features a perpetual arms race of tax authorities, who want to tax taxpayers, and taxpayers, who do not want to be taxed by tax authorities. A vast literature spanning many disciplines has studied the countless aspects of this relationship, with an emerging consensus that the combined sophistication of high earning taxpayers in mitigating their tax burdens and advancements in globalization and technology has grown to significantly undermine the process of taxation in facilitating redistribution as well as the provision of goods and services.This dissertation contributes this rich tradition of study in presenting new empirical evidence on the different kinds of activities-both legal (avoidance) and illegal (evasion)-that high-earning individuals and businesses take in order to lower their tax burdens.The first chapter focuses on the role of tax havens in facilitating tax avoidance and evasion, studying a novel policy in the Ecuadorian national setting and its impacts of tax haven usage. Tax haven usage (also referred to as "offshoring", among other terms) facilitates an important source of tax evasion and avoidance in the world, where taxpayers by legal or illicit means locate their income and wealth in low-to-no-tax jurisdictions that also feature a great deal of financial privacy. Recent work estimates that nearly 10% of global household financial wealth, largely attributable to the wealthiest households, is held in tax havens (Zucman, 2013). However, due to its clandestine nature, tax haven usage is difficult to empirically study. Moreover, in light of the increasing sophistication of taxpayers and their tax preparers as well as the diminishing role of international financial borders, policy aimed at discouraging tax haven usage has seen limited effectiveness.I study a unique policy in Ecuador that adopts an unconventional approach in discouraging tax haven usage. While many policies focus on information sharing and enforcement, in 2008 Ecuador implemented a universal outflows tax that taxes (at least at the inception of the policy) all outflowing transactions. Additionally, the data that underlie the enforcement of the tax as well as subsequent legislative variation in the tax base and rate provide a highly novel environment for studying the behavioral dimensions of the relationship between incentives and tax haven usage. I ultimately produce evidence of an unprecedented success of this policy in reducing tax haven usage and increasing domestic income reporting. In short, individual tax haven users concentrated within the top 0.5% of the income distribution, in response to the imposition of the outflows that reduced the return of locating income/wealth abroad by 5%, increased their domestically reported income by around 40%; through the progressivity of the tax schedule, these individuals increased their personal income tax payments by 55%. The magnitude and persistence of this response is relatively unprecedented within the realm of anti-tax haven policy, and suggests a number of directions for the future research.The second chapter focuses on the roles of charities and nonprofits in facilitating estate tax avoidance in the United States. The US tax code features a wide array of exemptions and considerations for nonprofits in its design so as to encourage charitable activity. To this end, a sizable literature has focused on estimating the precise quantitative relationship between the different tax incentives extended to the nonprofit sector in the US and the amount of observable charitable activity. However, recent work has pointed out the means by which this system of charitability tax preference has been abused for the purpose of facilitating tax evasion and avoidance (e.g. Fack and Landais, 2012). Other work has even called into question the normative desirability of nonprofit activity in light of critiques of the ability of the nonprofit sector to effectively serve as a substitute for state capacity and its potential to facilitate private benefit.A long-standing literature has thoroughly documented a strongly positive, causal relationship between the estate tax rate, and charitable donations (which are fully deductible against the estate tax). The second chapter delves into this relationship, empirically studying recent federal and state estate tax reforms to demonstrate that nearly all of this long-standing relationship is driven by outsized responsiveness of private foundations (privately held nonprofits) as opposed to public charities (nonprofits that source their donations largely from the broader public) to the estate tax rate. The chapter also demonstrates the outsized scope of these private foundations to engage in potentially "privately-benefiting" activities in the form of payments, loans, and other financial relationships with administration and director networks. On a high level, the chapter argues that the private foundation, as a tax exempt vehicle, disproportionately facilitates tax mitigating activity while demonstrating substantial scope for fulfilling private benefit, as opposed to the supposed public benefit that serves as the premise for the broader social desirability of nonprofit entities and their tax privilege.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Public administration.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Inequality
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Offshore fiscal havens
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Tax avoidance
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Tax evasion
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Tax havens
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Taxation
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of California, Berkeley Economics
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03A.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertation Abstract International
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
소장사항  
202402 2024
New Books MORE
최근 3년간 통계입니다.

Detail Info.

  • Reservation
  • Not Exist
  • My Folder
  • First Request
  • 비도서대출신청
  • 야간 도서대출신청
Material
Reg No. Call No. Location Status Lend Info
TF06295 전자도서
마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청

* Reservations are available in the borrowing book. To make reservations, Please click the reservation button

해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

Related Popular Books

로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.