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Static and Dynamic Forms to Identify DDI Potential and Sources of Pharmacokinetic Variability- [electronic resource]
Static and Dynamic Forms to Identify DDI Potential and Sources of Pharmacokinetic Variabil...
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Static and Dynamic Forms to Identify DDI Potential and Sources of Pharmacokinetic Variability- [electronic resource]
자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101221
ISBN  
9798379909475
DDC  
615
저자명  
Steinbronn, Claire.
서명/저자  
Static and Dynamic Forms to Identify DDI Potential and Sources of Pharmacokinetic Variability - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of Washington., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(180 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Arnold, Sam.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약To bring a compound to market, a rigorous process comprised of preclinical and clinical assessments is completed to determine various aspects of drug safety and efficacy. These studies are conducted strategically to ensure that company time and resources are optimized. An example of one of many static approaches to inform on clinical trial design includes determining drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential from in vitro data. Another strategy used is model informed drug development, or MIDD, which employs dynamic modeling forms to determine important aspects to be addressed and included in a clinical trial. Pharmacokinetic modeling techniques can be mechanistic, semi-mechanistic, or non-mechanistic, and may aid in understanding how a drug is eliminated and distributed throughout the body. This thesis proposes strategies to identify optimal strategies in both static and dynamic forms for clinical trial design through the following aims: Specific Aim 1: to determine which criteria will identify DDI risk-positive metabolites through in vitro CYP inhibition screening in an effort to harmonize metabolite screening criteria in regulatory guidance documents for industry, Specific Aim 2: to determine if COVID-19 impacts the exposure of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolite desethylhydroxychloroquine, using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and Specific Aim 3: to optimize clinical trial design to capture hydroxychloroquine 3-compartment pharmacokinetics by varying the sample size and sample collection timepoints in a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model.Understanding how co-administered drugs interact is critical for determining how one can impact the efficacy and safety of another in potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Furthermore, it is important to establish the DDI risk of drugs and any circulating metabolites prior to administering the drug in humans. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed recommendations for testing drug metabolites where metabolites that are less polar than the parent drug should be tested if the metabolite area-under-the-curve (AUC) comprises at least 25% of the parent drug AUC, or if more polar than the parent, metabolites should be tested if the metabolite AUC is equal or greater than the parent drug AUC. This analysis demonstrated that an AUC cutoff 25% for all metabolites in ratio to the parent drug AUC is adequate to capture all metabolites that demonstrated a potential DDI risk. This study also showed that polarity does not contribute to the metabolite inhibitory potency in comparison to the parent drug. Lastly, this work demonstrates that it is important to measure the metabolite DDI potential as multiple examples provided evidence of the metabolite contributing to the observed DDI.Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a pharmacokinetically complicated compound that has been FDA-approved for over 60 years in the clinic. More recently, it was investigated as a potential prophylaxis and treatment option for COVID-19 in early stages of the pandemic. It was clear that HCQ demonstrated a lack of efficacy in COVID-19, but it was not understood initially how COVID-19 would have impacted the exposure of HCQ and its metabolite, desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to answer questions surrounding the PK variability observed with HCQ and DHCQ. This model improved the degree of variability captured in the PK predictions of HCQ and DHCQ and further suggests that accounting for variability in blood to plasma concentration ratio (B/P) could be helpful to consider for other drugs with extensive distribution into red blood cells. It also successfully demonstrated how incorporating B/P of HCQ and DHCQ is imperative for predicting how many subjects are necessary to see a COVID-19 effect on compound PK between two study populations of SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling is used in drug development to take in vivo PK data from individuals to build an understanding of drug PK in a population. HCQ is an example of a drug with complicated distribution and extensive PK variability. HCQ also demonstrates 3-compartment PK in vivo. Previous PopPK models have not captured more than a 1- or 2-compartmental PK structure for various datasets, and it is not clear how informative these models are on the PK behavior of HCQ. This analysis used a PBPK model to generate a synthetic dataset to identify an ideal sampling scheme to capture the true PK behavior of HCQ with a PopPK modeling approach. Additionally, the number of samples per subject more significantly impacted the model's ability to capture a 3-compartment PK structure rather than the number of subjects sampled. This analysis demonstrated through simulating to HCQ steady state (~six months) that the number of compartments was important to determine how long it would take for HCQ to reach a steady state since the 1- and 2-compartment models clearly underpredicted this time frame. This may in part be attributed to the fact that 1- and 2-compartment models varied greatly in the estimates of volume and clearance, and the 1-compartment models developed with the synthetic datasets estimated a higher clearance and predicted lower exposure of HCQ after multiple doses. This methodology can be replicated for other drugs with complicated distribution to optimize the sampling design for PopPK modeling to ensure the model is informative and useful.
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences.
일반주제명  
Pharmacology.
키워드  
Clinical trial design
키워드  
Drug-drug interactions
키워드  
Hydroxychloroquine
키워드  
Pharmacokinetics
키워드  
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
키워드  
Population pharamacokinetic modeling
기타저자  
University of Washington Pharmaceutics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-01B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
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