본문

서브메뉴

Nuclear PTEN Regulates Thymidylate Biosynthesis and Cellular Sensitivity to Antifolate Treatment- [electronic resource]
Nuclear PTEN Regulates Thymidylate Biosynthesis and Cellular Sensitivity to Antifolate Tre...
Nuclear PTEN Regulates Thymidylate Biosynthesis and Cellular Sensitivity to Antifolate Treatment- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101505
ISBN  
9798380347693
DDC  
574
저자명  
Loh, Zoe Nathania.
서명/저자  
Nuclear PTEN Regulates Thymidylate Biosynthesis and Cellular Sensitivity to Antifolate Treatment - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Duke University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(193 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Chen, Ming.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumorigenesis and holds significant promise for cancer therapy. The PTEN tumor suppressor governs a variety of biological processes, including metabolism, by acting on distinct molecular targets in different subcellular compartments. In the cytoplasm, PTEN regulates a plethora of metabolic processes through antagonizing the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway. However, the metabolic regulation of PTEN in the nucleus remain undefined. Using a gain-of-function approach to examine the metabolic consequences of PTEN targeted to different sub-cellular compartments in human prostate cancer cell lines, we reveal a nuclear function for PTEN in controlling de novo thymidylate biosynthesis and may also open novel therapeutic avenues for targeting nuclear-excluded PTEN prostate cancer cells with anti-folate cancer treatment. The first four chapters of this dissertation are introductory information that outlines the role of PTEN in cancer, the importance of metabolic compartmentalization, the fundamentals of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways, and the novelty of anti-folate cancer treatments. Chapter 1 explains the role of PTEN as a tumor suppressor and continues on to discuss its role at the cell membrane as a metabolic regulator. The gap in knowledge in the field is understanding the role nuclear PTEN plays as a metabolic regulator. This is important as nuclear PTEN has been shown to be associated with more aggressive cancer phenotypes. Chapter 2 focuses on the background of metabolic compartmentalization and how, by strategically placing genes and metabolites spatiotemporally, the cell is able to execute key molecular mechanisms more efficiently. In this chapter, we highlight where the current field is with metabolic compartmentalization, the advantages of compartmentalization and how utilization of this knowledge can be used for definitive therapeutics. Chapter 3 focuses on pyrimidine biosynthesis and thymidylate biosynthesis. Thymidylate is synthesized de novo by thymidylate synthase (TYMS), with the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) or serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) which are required to regenerate 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. MTHFD1 is the primary source of 5,10-methylenetetrhydrofolate generation, and therefore its proper function in the nucleus ensures the functioning of de novo thymidylate biosynthesis. Using Mass-Spectrometry, we discovered that MTHFD1 is a top candidate protein interacting with PTEN in human prostate cancer cells. This is the key focus of this paper and will be important background for Chapter 7 and 8 which delve into the thymidylate pathway and the potential role of nuclear PTEN. A deeper understanding of nuclear PTEN's regulation of MTHFD1 may, in turn, open new therapeutic avenues for anti-folate cancer treatment tailored to PTEN sub-cellular localization. This brings us to Chapter 4, which focuses on the current market of anti-folate treatment and the importance of precision medicine and combinatorial treatment. Chapter 5 is the start of our project, it is the basis of the remainder chapters and what allowed us to elucidate the importance of nuclear PTEN. To explore the role of PTEN as not just a tumor suppressor, but as a metabolic regulator, we first sought to generate overexpression cell lines with PTEN localized to various subcellular compartments. As explained in chapter 1 and 2, we discuss how in the cytosol inactive PTEN can be recruited to the plasma membrane where it functions as a lipid phosphatase to suppress the activation of the proto-oncogenic phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. In the nucleus, PTEN acts to induce cell cycle arrest and maintain genomic stability. However, the role of PTEN in metabolism is incompletely understood. It is clearly understood that each subcellular compartment harbors specific metabolic activities and PTEN is present in different subcellular locations where it performs distinct functions acting on specific effectors. To explore this, we used a gain-of-function approach to examine the metabolic consequences of PTEN targeted to different sub-cellular compartments. Plasmids were generated using site-directed mutagenesis and PCR. We used the vector pTRIPZ, which is an inducible TET-ON system. This was necessary as overexpression of a tumor suppressor in cancer cell lines, if left permanently on, leads to slow cell growth and expulsion of the plasmid by inherent cancer cell mechanisms. We generated a vector plasmid, which was used as the baseline for all experiments, a wildtype PTEN plasmid, which was "normal" PTEN and PTEN had the ability to localize to the membrane or nucleus as it pleased, a cytoplasmic membrane plasmid, which localized PTEN permanently to the membrane, nuclear PTEN, which localized PTEN permanently to the nucleus, and mutant C124S PTEN, which generates a catalytically silent PTEN variant preventing its role at the membrane and its involvement in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. All of the plasmids were transfected as a lentivirus into PC3 and C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Both cell lines are. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
일반주제명  
Pathology.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology.
키워드  
Metabolic comparmentalization
키워드  
Metabolic regulation
키워드  
Pyrimidine biosynthesis
키워드  
Thymidylate biosynthesis
키워드  
Tumor suppressor
기타저자  
Duke University Pathology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008240612s2023      us  |||||||||||||||c||eng  d
■001000016933912
■00520240214101505
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798380347693
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30567389
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aLoh,  Zoe  Nathania.
■24510▼aNuclear  PTEN  Regulates  Thymidylate  Biosynthesis  and  Cellular  Sensitivity  to  Antifolate  Treatment▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bDuke  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(193  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Chen,  Ming.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Duke  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aMetabolic  reprogramming  contributes  to  tumorigenesis  and  holds  significant  promise  for  cancer  therapy.  The  PTEN  tumor  suppressor  governs  a  variety  of  biological  processes,  including  metabolism,  by  acting  on  distinct  molecular  targets  in  different  subcellular  compartments.  In  the  cytoplasm,  PTEN  regulates  a  plethora  of  metabolic  processes  through  antagonizing  the  PI3K/AKT/mTORC1  pathway.  However,  the  metabolic  regulation  of  PTEN  in  the  nucleus  remain  undefined.  Using  a  gain-of-function  approach  to  examine  the  metabolic  consequences  of  PTEN  targeted  to  different  sub-cellular  compartments  in  human  prostate  cancer  cell  lines,  we  reveal  a  nuclear  function  for  PTEN  in  controlling  de  novo  thymidylate  biosynthesis  and  may  also  open  novel  therapeutic  avenues  for  targeting  nuclear-excluded  PTEN  prostate  cancer  cells  with  anti-folate  cancer  treatment.  The  first  four  chapters  of  this  dissertation  are  introductory  information  that  outlines  the  role  of  PTEN  in  cancer,  the  importance  of  metabolic  compartmentalization,  the  fundamentals  of  pyrimidine  biosynthesis  pathways,  and  the  novelty  of  anti-folate  cancer  treatments.  Chapter  1  explains  the  role  of  PTEN  as  a  tumor  suppressor  and  continues  on  to  discuss  its  role  at  the  cell  membrane  as  a  metabolic  regulator.  The  gap  in  knowledge  in  the  field  is  understanding  the  role  nuclear  PTEN  plays  as  a  metabolic  regulator.  This  is  important  as  nuclear  PTEN  has  been  shown  to  be  associated  with  more  aggressive  cancer  phenotypes.  Chapter  2  focuses  on  the  background  of  metabolic  compartmentalization  and  how,  by  strategically  placing  genes  and  metabolites  spatiotemporally,  the  cell  is  able  to  execute  key  molecular  mechanisms  more  efficiently.  In  this  chapter,  we  highlight  where  the  current  field  is  with  metabolic  compartmentalization,  the  advantages  of  compartmentalization  and  how  utilization  of  this  knowledge  can  be  used  for  definitive  therapeutics.  Chapter  3  focuses  on  pyrimidine  biosynthesis  and  thymidylate  biosynthesis.  Thymidylate  is  synthesized  de  novo  by  thymidylate  synthase  (TYMS),  with  the  enzymes  dihydrofolate  reductase  (DHFR)  and  methylenetetrahydrofolate  dehydrogenase  1  (MTHFD1)  or  serine  hydroxymethyltransferase  (SHMT)  which  are  required  to  regenerate  5,  10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.  MTHFD1  is  the  primary  source  of  5,10-methylenetetrhydrofolate  generation,  and  therefore  its  proper  function  in  the  nucleus  ensures  the  functioning  of  de  novo  thymidylate  biosynthesis.  Using  Mass-Spectrometry,  we  discovered  that  MTHFD1  is  a  top  candidate  protein  interacting  with  PTEN  in  human  prostate  cancer  cells.  This  is  the  key  focus  of  this  paper  and  will  be  important  background  for  Chapter  7  and  8  which  delve  into  the  thymidylate  pathway  and  the  potential  role  of  nuclear  PTEN.  A  deeper  understanding  of  nuclear  PTEN's  regulation  of  MTHFD1  may,  in  turn,  open  new  therapeutic  avenues  for  anti-folate  cancer  treatment  tailored  to  PTEN  sub-cellular  localization.  This  brings  us  to  Chapter  4,  which  focuses  on  the  current  market  of  anti-folate  treatment  and  the  importance  of  precision  medicine  and  combinatorial  treatment.  Chapter  5  is  the  start  of  our  project,  it  is  the  basis  of  the  remainder  chapters  and  what  allowed  us  to  elucidate  the  importance  of  nuclear  PTEN.  To  explore  the  role  of  PTEN  as  not  just  a  tumor  suppressor,  but  as  a  metabolic  regulator,  we  first  sought  to  generate  overexpression  cell  lines  with  PTEN  localized  to  various  subcellular  compartments.  As  explained  in  chapter  1  and  2,  we  discuss  how  in  the  cytosol  inactive  PTEN  can  be  recruited  to  the  plasma  membrane  where  it  functions  as  a  lipid  phosphatase  to  suppress  the  activation  of  the  proto-oncogenic  phosphoinositide  3-kinase  (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR  signaling  pathway.  In  the  nucleus,  PTEN  acts  to  induce  cell  cycle  arrest  and  maintain  genomic  stability.  However,  the  role  of  PTEN  in  metabolism  is  incompletely  understood.  It  is  clearly  understood  that  each  subcellular  compartment  harbors  specific  metabolic  activities  and  PTEN  is  present  in  different  subcellular  locations  where  it  performs  distinct  functions  acting  on  specific  effectors.  To  explore  this,  we  used  a  gain-of-function  approach  to  examine  the  metabolic  consequences  of  PTEN  targeted  to  different  sub-cellular  compartments.  Plasmids  were  generated  using  site-directed  mutagenesis  and  PCR.  We  used  the  vector  pTRIPZ,  which  is  an  inducible  TET-ON  system.  This  was  necessary  as  overexpression  of  a  tumor  suppressor  in  cancer  cell  lines,  if  left  permanently  on,  leads  to  slow  cell  growth  and  expulsion  of  the  plasmid  by  inherent  cancer  cell  mechanisms.  We  generated  a  vector  plasmid,  which  was  used  as  the  baseline  for  all  experiments,  a  wildtype  PTEN  plasmid,  which  was  "normal"  PTEN  and  PTEN  had  the  ability  to  localize  to  the  membrane  or  nucleus  as  it  pleased,  a  cytoplasmic  membrane  plasmid,  which  localized  PTEN  permanently  to  the  membrane,  nuclear  PTEN,  which  localized  PTEN  permanently  to  the  nucleus,  and  mutant  C124S  PTEN,  which  generates  a  catalytically  silent  PTEN  variant  preventing  its  role  at  the  membrane  and  its  involvement  in  the  PI3K-AKT-mTOR  pathway.  All  of  the  plasmids  were  transfected  as  a  lentivirus  into  PC3  and  C4-2  prostate  cancer  cells.  Both  cell  lines  are.  (Abstract  shortened  by  ProQuest).
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0066.
■650  4▼aPathology.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
■653    ▼aMetabolic  comparmentalization
■653    ▼aMetabolic  regulation
■653    ▼aPyrimidine  biosynthesis
■653    ▼aThymidylate  biosynthesis
■653    ▼aTumor  suppressor
■690    ▼a0571
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aDuke  University▼bPathology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0066
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933912▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

미리보기

내보내기

chatGPT토론

Ai 추천 관련 도서


    신착도서 더보기
    최근 3년간 통계입니다.

    소장정보

    • 예약
    • 소재불명신고
    • 나의폴더
    • 우선정리요청
    • 비도서대출신청
    • 야간 도서대출신청
    소장자료
    등록번호 청구기호 소장처 대출가능여부 대출정보
    TF05475 전자도서 마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청

    * 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.

    해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

    관련 인기도서

    로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.