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Development and Application of the Experiment-Selector Cross-Validated Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator- [electronic resource]
Development and Application of the Experiment-Selector Cross-Validated Targeted Maximum Li...
Development and Application of the Experiment-Selector Cross-Validated Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100435
ISBN  
9798380380669
DDC  
574
저자명  
Dang, Lauren Elizabeth Eyler.
서명/저자  
Development and Application of the Experiment-Selector Cross-Validated Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(118 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: van der Laan, Mark.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation encompasses the development and application of the experiment-selector cross-validated targeted maximum likelihood estimator (ES-CVTMLE) for analyzing hybrid randomized-external data studies. The goal of these hybrid designs is to augment a small randomized controlled trial (RCT) with external data - in the form of the control arm(s) of previous trials or real-world healthcare data (RWD) - in order to increase power. Of course, inclusion of RWD may also increase the causal gap, defined as the difference between the causal effect of interest and the statistical parameter that we will estimate from the data. The primary statistical challenges are 1) excluding external data that would introduce bias of a magnitude large enough to worsen coverage for the causal effect while still including unbiased external data frequently enough to improve power and 2) constructing confidence intervals that appropriately reflect that the causal gap may not be zero when external data are integrated. In Chapter 1, we describe the development of the ES-CVTMLE methodology, focusing on the case where only external controls are available. We consider two methods of estimating the causal gap: 1) a function of the difference in conditional mean outcome under control between the RCT and combined experiments and 2) the estimated average treatment effect on a negative control outcome. We then define criteria for selecting the experiment (RCT alone or RCT combined with external data) that optimizes the estimated bias-variance tradeoff. To separate the data used for experiment selection from the data used for effect estimation, we develop an experiment-selector cross-validated targeted maximum likelihood estimator. We define the asymptotic distribution of the ES-CVTMLE under varying magnitudes of bias and construct confidence intervals by Monte Carlo simulation. We demonstrate the performance of the ES-CVTMLE compared to three other estimators for hybrid randomized-external data designs using simulations and a re-analysis of the LEADER trial of the effect of liraglutide versus placebo on cardiovascular outcomes. In Chapter 2, we describe the development of the EScvtmle R software package to implement the method described in Chapter 1. The software package also extends this methodology to allow for integration of external data participants with both the active treatment and control arms of the trial. We include vignettes demonstrating use of the EScvtmle package with the publicly available WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster RCT dataset. The real data examples in Chapters 1 and 2 rely on following the Roadmap for Causal and Statistical Inference, a structured process that guides the design, analysis, and interpretation of studies anywhere on the spectrum from a traditional RCT to a fully observational study. In Chapter 3, we describe this Causal Roadmap to an audience of clinical and translational researchers. We also extend the Roadmap framework to consider how outcome-blind simulations may be used for quantitative comparison of the characteristics of different potential study designs. Chapter 4 represents the culmination of the previous work; we use a case study of semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes to demonstrate application of this extended version of the Causal Roadmap to compare study designs involving traditional RCTs with a hybrid randomized-external data design. We demonstrate how following the Causal Roadmap can help to define an external control arm in a way that improves the plausibility of causal identification assumptions. We then use simulations to demonstrate the tradeoffs between each of these potential designs. Finally, we present a real data analysis using the ES-CVTMLE to estimate the effect of oral semaglutide versus standard-of-care on major adverse cardiovascular events based on the PIONEER 6 RCT and considering augmentation with RWD from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM) (2007-2022).
일반주제명  
Biostatistics.
일반주제명  
Medicine.
키워드  
Causal inference
키워드  
Data fusion
키워드  
Real-world evidence
키워드  
Maximum likelihood estimator
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Biostatistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aDang,  Lauren  Elizabeth  Eyler.
■24510▼aDevelopment  and  Application  of  the  Experiment-Selector  Cross-Validated  Targeted  Maximum  Likelihood  Estimator▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(118  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  van  der  Laan,  Mark.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  encompasses  the  development  and  application  of  the  experiment-selector  cross-validated  targeted  maximum  likelihood  estimator  (ES-CVTMLE)  for  analyzing  hybrid  randomized-external  data  studies.  The  goal  of  these  hybrid  designs  is  to  augment  a  small  randomized  controlled  trial  (RCT)  with  external  data  -  in  the  form  of  the  control  arm(s)  of  previous  trials  or  real-world  healthcare  data  (RWD)  -  in  order  to  increase  power.  Of  course,  inclusion  of  RWD  may  also  increase  the  causal  gap,  defined  as  the  difference  between  the  causal  effect  of  interest  and  the  statistical  parameter  that  we  will  estimate  from  the  data.  The  primary  statistical  challenges  are  1)  excluding  external  data  that  would  introduce  bias  of  a  magnitude  large  enough  to  worsen  coverage  for  the  causal  effect  while  still  including  unbiased  external  data  frequently  enough  to  improve  power  and  2)  constructing  confidence  intervals  that  appropriately  reflect  that  the  causal  gap  may  not  be  zero  when  external  data  are  integrated.  In  Chapter  1,  we  describe  the  development  of  the  ES-CVTMLE  methodology,  focusing  on  the  case  where  only  external  controls  are  available.  We  consider  two  methods  of  estimating  the  causal  gap:  1)  a  function  of  the  difference  in  conditional  mean  outcome  under  control  between  the  RCT  and  combined  experiments  and  2)  the  estimated  average  treatment  effect  on  a  negative  control  outcome.  We  then  define  criteria  for  selecting  the  experiment  (RCT  alone  or  RCT  combined  with  external  data)  that  optimizes  the  estimated  bias-variance  tradeoff.  To  separate  the  data  used  for  experiment  selection  from  the  data  used  for  effect  estimation,  we  develop  an  experiment-selector  cross-validated  targeted  maximum  likelihood  estimator.  We  define  the  asymptotic  distribution  of  the  ES-CVTMLE  under  varying  magnitudes  of  bias  and  construct  confidence  intervals  by  Monte  Carlo  simulation.  We  demonstrate  the  performance  of  the  ES-CVTMLE  compared  to  three  other  estimators  for  hybrid  randomized-external  data  designs  using  simulations  and  a  re-analysis  of  the  LEADER  trial  of  the  effect  of  liraglutide  versus  placebo  on  cardiovascular  outcomes.  In  Chapter  2,  we  describe  the  development  of  the  EScvtmle  R  software  package  to  implement  the  method  described  in  Chapter  1.  The  software  package  also  extends  this  methodology  to  allow  for  integration  of  external  data  participants  with  both  the  active  treatment  and  control  arms  of  the  trial.  We  include  vignettes  demonstrating  use  of  the  EScvtmle  package  with  the  publicly  available  WASH  Benefits  Bangladesh  cluster  RCT  dataset.  The  real  data  examples  in  Chapters  1  and  2  rely  on  following  the  Roadmap  for  Causal  and  Statistical  Inference,  a  structured  process  that  guides  the  design,  analysis,  and  interpretation  of  studies  anywhere  on  the  spectrum  from  a  traditional  RCT  to  a  fully  observational  study.  In  Chapter  3,  we  describe  this  Causal  Roadmap  to  an  audience  of  clinical  and  translational  researchers.  We  also  extend  the  Roadmap  framework  to  consider  how  outcome-blind  simulations  may  be  used  for  quantitative  comparison  of  the  characteristics  of  different  potential  study  designs.  Chapter  4  represents  the  culmination  of  the  previous  work;  we  use  a  case  study  of  semaglutide  and  cardiovascular  outcomes  to  demonstrate  application  of  this  extended  version  of  the  Causal  Roadmap  to  compare  study  designs  involving  traditional  RCTs  with  a  hybrid  randomized-external  data  design.  We  demonstrate  how  following  the  Causal  Roadmap  can  help  to  define  an  external  control  arm  in  a  way  that  improves  the  plausibility  of  causal  identification  assumptions.  We  then  use  simulations  to  demonstrate  the  tradeoffs  between  each  of  these  potential  designs.  Finally,  we  present  a  real  data  analysis  using  the  ES-CVTMLE  to  estimate  the  effect  of  oral  semaglutide  versus  standard-of-care  on  major  adverse  cardiovascular  events  based  on  the  PIONEER  6  RCT  and  considering  augmentation  with  RWD  from  Optum's  de-identified  Clinformatics  Data  Mart  Database  (CDM)  (2007-2022).
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aBiostatistics.
■650  4▼aMedicine.
■653    ▼aCausal  inference
■653    ▼aData  fusion
■653    ▼aReal-world  evidence
■653    ▼aMaximum  likelihood  estimator
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■690    ▼a0564
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bBiostatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932260▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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