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Leveraging Geographic Information for Causal Inference in Pharmacoepidemiology- [electronic resource]
Leveraging Geographic Information for Causal Inference in Pharmacoepidemiology - [electron...
Leveraging Geographic Information for Causal Inference in Pharmacoepidemiology- [electronic resource]

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100441
ISBN  
9798379612832
DDC  
614.4
저자명  
Cordes, Jack.
서명/저자  
Leveraging Geographic Information for Causal Inference in Pharmacoepidemiology - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(108 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schneeweiss, Sebastian.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Randomized trials (RCT) with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes found no effect of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) medications compared to placebo or second-generation sulfonylureas (SU) while non-randomized database studies suggested a benefit of DPP-4i versus SU. Residual confounding by socioeconomic factors were thought to be a main reason.Aim 1 characterized the geospatial distribution of the adoption of DPP-4i antidiabetics versus SU. Aim 2 evaluated whether incorporation of small-area-level socioeconomic measures can reduce confounding in non-randomized comparisons of DPP-4i to SU as second-line antidiabetic therapies in the prevention of MACE. Aim 3 compared area-level prescribing density (APD) and physician prescribing preference (PPP) as instrumental variables (IVs) with the objective of finding a strategy for control of previously unmeasured confounders. Using Medicare claims data from 2012 to 2017, two cohorts were built emulating RCTs of sitagliptin or saxagliptin starters each compared to SU starters.For each ZCTA, the proportion DPP-4i prescribing in relation to total ZCTA cohort members was calculated and used for a local indicator of spatial association cluster analysis. Multilevel logistic models were used to quantify the variation in medication use at the individual, ZCTA, state, and region levels.DPP-4i utilization proportion was low (sitagliptin median = 0.22; interquartile range 0.15 to 0.33; saxagliptin median = 0.025; 0.00 to 0.069). High amounts of clustering were observed for sitagliptin proportion (Moran's I = 0.32) and saxagliptin proportion (Moran's I = 0.20). Sitagliptin utilization was high in the New York metro area and urban southern California. Saxagliptin had similar patterns with additional clusters in the upper Midwest. Regions, states, and ZCTAs accounted for 8.1% of variation in sitagliptin prescribing and 13.3% of saxagliptin prescribing. Variation across ZCTAs suggests neighborhood factors may have been important determinants of prescribing. Removing high co-payments may have improved equity in access to safer antidiabetics.Area-level covariates were obtained for ZCTAs from the American Community Survey. ZCTA-level socioeconomic covariates were incorporated into propensity scores for Cox proportional hazards models. Cox models stratified by ZCTAs were also fit.Adding area covariates improved propensity score model fit and treatment discrimination. Unadjusted associations for receiving sitagliptin or saxagliptin compared to SU showed a decreased hazard of MACE occurrence (sitagliptin hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.88; saxagliptin HR = 0.68; 0.64 to 0.73). Adjusting for individual-level covariates moved estimates towards the null (sitagliptin HR = 0.89; 0.86 to 0.92; saxagliptin HR = 0.78; 0.73 to 0.83). Adding area covariates moved estimates minimally closer to the null. Adjusted stratified Cox models produced similar results (sitagliptin HR = 0.90; 0.87 to 0.93; saxagliptin HR = 0.76; 0.71 to 0.81). Incorporation of area-level covariates in survival analyses did not meaningfully reduce confounding beyond individual-level covariates.The proportion of DPP-4i prescribing in relation to all cohort members in a zip code tabulation area defined the APD IV at various cutoffs (0% vs. 100% to 50% vs. ≥50%). The same proportions were calculated for each patient's physician prescribing history as the PPP IV. An instantaneous physician preference (iPPP) IV used a physician's most recent prescription. Two-stage IV regression models were adjusted for propensity score quintiles.All IVs were strong and reduced covariate imbalance. APD IV analyses found no meaningful difference for sitagliptin (0% vs. 100% HR = 1.11; 0.79 to 1.57). PPP IV analyses showed reduced risk for sitagliptin (50% vs. ≥50% HR = 0.69; 0.48 to 0.98). iPPP analyses showed little to no difference for sitagliptin (HR = 0.86; 0.60 to 1.10) and saxagliptin (HR = 0.98; 0.56 to 1.72). Instruments focusing on short-term prescribing preference like the iPPP IV hold promise over area-based instruments to improve confounding control in comparative effectiveness analyses.
일반주제명  
Epidemiology.
일반주제명  
Pharmacology.
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences.
키워드  
Cardiovascular disease
키워드  
Diabetes
키워드  
Instrumental variables
키워드  
Pharmacoepidemiology
키워드  
Spatial epidemiology
키워드  
Survival analysis
기타저자  
Harvard University Population Health Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a614.4
■1001  ▼aCordes,  Jack.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-2706-615X
■24510▼aLeveraging  Geographic  Information  for  Causal  Inference  in  Pharmacoepidemiology▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(108  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schneeweiss,  Sebastian.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aRandomized  trials  (RCT)  with  major  adverse  cardiovascular  event  (MACE)  outcomes  found  no  effect  of  dipeptidyl-peptidase-4  inhibitors  (DPP-4i)  medications  compared  to  placebo  or  second-generation  sulfonylureas  (SU)  while  non-randomized  database  studies  suggested  a  benefit  of  DPP-4i  versus  SU.  Residual  confounding  by  socioeconomic  factors  were  thought  to  be  a  main  reason.Aim  1  characterized  the  geospatial  distribution  of  the  adoption  of  DPP-4i  antidiabetics  versus  SU.  Aim  2  evaluated  whether  incorporation  of  small-area-level  socioeconomic  measures  can  reduce  confounding  in  non-randomized  comparisons  of  DPP-4i  to  SU  as  second-line  antidiabetic  therapies  in  the  prevention  of  MACE.  Aim  3  compared  area-level  prescribing  density  (APD)  and  physician  prescribing  preference  (PPP)  as  instrumental  variables  (IVs)  with  the  objective  of  finding  a  strategy  for  control  of  previously  unmeasured  confounders. Using  Medicare  claims  data  from  2012  to  2017,  two  cohorts  were  built  emulating  RCTs  of  sitagliptin  or  saxagliptin  starters  each  compared  to  SU  starters.For  each  ZCTA,  the  proportion  DPP-4i  prescribing  in  relation  to  total  ZCTA  cohort  members  was  calculated  and  used  for  a  local  indicator  of  spatial  association  cluster  analysis.  Multilevel  logistic  models  were  used  to  quantify  the  variation  in  medication  use  at  the  individual,  ZCTA,  state,  and  region  levels.DPP-4i  utilization  proportion  was  low  (sitagliptin  median  =  0.22;  interquartile  range  0.15  to  0.33;  saxagliptin  median  =  0.025;  0.00  to  0.069).  High  amounts  of  clustering  were  observed for  sitagliptin  proportion  (Moran's  I  =  0.32)  and  saxagliptin  proportion  (Moran's  I  =  0.20).  Sitagliptin  utilization  was  high  in  the  New  York  metro  area  and  urban  southern  California.  Saxagliptin  had  similar  patterns  with  additional  clusters  in  the  upper  Midwest.  Regions,  states,  and  ZCTAs  accounted  for  8.1%  of  variation  in  sitagliptin  prescribing  and  13.3%  of  saxagliptin  prescribing.  Variation  across  ZCTAs  suggests  neighborhood  factors  may  have  been  important  determinants  of  prescribing.  Removing  high  co-payments  may  have  improved  equity  in  access  to  safer  antidiabetics.Area-level  covariates  were  obtained  for  ZCTAs  from  the  American  Community  Survey.  ZCTA-level  socioeconomic  covariates  were  incorporated  into  propensity  scores  for  Cox  proportional  hazards  models.  Cox  models  stratified  by  ZCTAs  were  also  fit.Adding  area  covariates  improved  propensity  score  model  fit  and  treatment  discrimination.  Unadjusted  associations  for  receiving  sitagliptin  or  saxagliptin  compared  to  SU  showed  a  decreased  hazard  of  MACE  occurrence  (sitagliptin  hazard  ratio  (HR)  =  0.86;  95%  confidence  interval  0.83  to  0.88;  saxagliptin  HR  =  0.68;  0.64  to  0.73).  Adjusting  for  individual-level  covariates  moved  estimates  towards  the  null  (sitagliptin  HR  =  0.89;  0.86  to  0.92;  saxagliptin  HR  =  0.78;  0.73  to  0.83).  Adding  area  covariates  moved  estimates  minimally  closer  to  the  null.  Adjusted  stratified  Cox  models  produced  similar  results  (sitagliptin  HR  =  0.90;  0.87  to  0.93;  saxagliptin  HR  =  0.76;  0.71  to  0.81).  Incorporation  of  area-level  covariates  in  survival  analyses  did  not  meaningfully  reduce  confounding  beyond  individual-level  covariates.The  proportion  of  DPP-4i  prescribing  in  relation  to  all  cohort  members  in  a  zip  code  tabulation  area  defined  the  APD  IV  at  various  cutoffs  (0%  vs.  100%  to  50%  vs.  ≥50%).  The  same  proportions  were  calculated  for  each  patient's  physician  prescribing  history  as  the  PPP  IV. An  instantaneous  physician  preference  (iPPP)  IV  used  a  physician's  most  recent  prescription.  Two-stage  IV  regression  models  were  adjusted  for  propensity  score  quintiles.All  IVs  were  strong  and  reduced  covariate  imbalance.  APD  IV  analyses  found  no  meaningful  difference  for  sitagliptin  (0%  vs.  100%  HR  =  1.11;  0.79  to  1.57).  PPP  IV  analyses  showed  reduced  risk  for  sitagliptin  (50%  vs.  ≥50%  HR  =  0.69;  0.48  to  0.98).  iPPP  analyses  showed  little  to  no  difference  for  sitagliptin  (HR  =  0.86;  0.60  to  1.10)  and  saxagliptin  (HR  =  0.98;  0.56  to  1.72).  Instruments  focusing  on  short-term  prescribing  preference  like  the  iPPP  IV  hold  promise  over  area-based  instruments  to  improve  confounding  control  in  comparative  effectiveness  analyses.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aEpidemiology.
■650  4▼aPharmacology.
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences.
■653    ▼aCardiovascular  disease
■653    ▼aDiabetes
■653    ▼aInstrumental  variables
■653    ▼aPharmacoepidemiology
■653    ▼aSpatial  epidemiology
■653    ▼aSurvival  analysis
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0419
■690    ▼a0572
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPopulation  Health  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932308▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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