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Exploring the Effects of Maltreatment and Child Welfare System Experiences on Juvenile Justice Involvement- [electronic resource]
Exploring the Effects of Maltreatment and Child Welfare System Experiences on Juvenile Jus...
Exploring the Effects of Maltreatment and Child Welfare System Experiences on Juvenile Justice Involvement- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214095909
ISBN  
9798380619011
DDC  
361
저자명  
Chambers, Jaclyn Edna.
서명/저자  
Exploring the Effects of Maltreatment and Child Welfare System Experiences on Juvenile Justice Involvement - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(49 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Skeem, Jennifer.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation examines the effect of maltreatment and child welfare experiences - separately and together - on juvenile justice recidivism. Youth who are involved in both the child welfare system and the juvenile justice system have become a population of concern for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners primarily due to the perceived compounding adverse outcomes of dual-system involvement. Yet, there is still much that remains to be understood about the relationship between child maltreatment, child welfare system involvement, and juvenile delinquency from a causal perspective. Specifically, while there has been a consistent link found between maltreatment and any justice system involvement, the question of how maltreatment and child welfare experiences impact recidivism among youth who are already justice-involved has not been well explored. The few studies that examine recidivism among crossover youth are limited by narrow sample selection and lack of rigorous causal methods. Additionally, maltreatment and child welfare system experiences are often conflated in the literature and not examined as two separate and distinct experiences. The unique impacts of maltreatment versus child welfare system involvement and the combined interaction of these two distinct experiences on risk for recidivism are largely unexamined.This study addresses these gaps in the research by rigorously examining how maltreatment and child welfare experiences may impact risk for juvenile justice recidivism, utilizing advanced causal inference methods and controlling for significant potential confounders. Maltreatment and child welfare involvement are also examined as two unique variables to further our understanding of how the distinct experiences impact recidivism. Specific aims include testing 1) whether a history of maltreatment increases the risk of recidivism, 2) whether a history of child welfare system involvement increases the risk of recidivism, and 3) whether self-reported maltreatment moderates the effect of child welfare involvement on recidivism.This study involves a retrospective review of administrative data from the Santa Clara County Probation Department (SCCPD). The study sample includes 287 youth who were referred to probation between August 2015 and December 2017, exited probation during that time, and had at least one sustained petition during that time. I chose to focus on youth with at least one sustained petition because the only measure of recidivism in the dataset is a subsequent sustained petition. Additionally, although imperfect, sustained petitions are the best available measure of whether an offense actually occurred. Recidivism data was measured through June 2019, allowing for 18 months of follow-up data for all youth in the sample. Youth with two or more sustained petitions were considered to have recidivated. Analyses were conducted using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) - a doubly-robust, semi-parametric approach that uses estimates of both the treatment mechanisms and the outcome regressions to rigorously control for associations between confounders and both treatment and outcomes, making it a particularly useful method for examining causal questions using quasi-experimental designs where comparison groups may not be equivalent at baseline.While the extant literature has established a relationship between maltreatment and justice-system involvement, there are few studies that examine the outcome of recidivism. This study did not find a significant relationship between either maltreatment or child welfare system involvement and recidivism. Neither maltreatment nor child welfare system involvement impacted a youth's likelihood of recidivism at 18 months, and there were no moderation effects when examining the interaction between maltreatment and child welfare system involvement. It may be that this study found no relationship among these experiences due to the unique design of this study - including the broader sample used, important confounders included, and causal methods utilized; alternatively, the results may not align with previous literature due to limitations in this study's dataset, such as a relatively small sample size and some missingness in key variables.How these two distinct experiences - maltreatment and child welfare involvement - may impact juvenile justice outcomes is a policy-relevant question in need of further examination. Future research should examine child welfare system involvement using advanced causal inference methods where the data allows for a more detailed and complete picture of the youth's involvement with the child welfare system, such as data on case openings, out-of-home-placements, and timing of system involvement. This type of research would help illuminate the specific child welfare experiences and pathways that may be helpful or harmful to a youth's risk of recidivism.
일반주제명  
Social work.
일반주제명  
Law.
일반주제명  
Criminology.
키워드  
Child welfare
키워드  
Child maltreatment
키워드  
Moderation effects
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Social Welfare
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798380619011
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI28869244
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a361
■1001  ▼aChambers,  Jaclyn  Edna.
■24510▼aExploring  the  Effects  of  Maltreatment  and  Child  Welfare  System  Experiences  on  Juvenile  Justice  Involvement▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(49  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-04,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Skeem,  Jennifer.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  examines  the  effect  of  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  experiences  -  separately  and  together  -  on  juvenile  justice  recidivism.  Youth  who  are  involved  in  both  the  child  welfare  system  and  the  juvenile  justice  system  have  become  a  population  of  concern  for  researchers,  policymakers,  and  practitioners  primarily  due  to  the  perceived  compounding  adverse  outcomes  of  dual-system  involvement.  Yet,  there  is  still  much  that  remains  to  be  understood  about  the  relationship  between  child  maltreatment,  child  welfare  system  involvement,  and  juvenile  delinquency  from  a  causal  perspective.  Specifically,  while  there  has  been  a  consistent  link  found  between  maltreatment  and  any  justice  system  involvement,  the  question  of  how  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  experiences  impact  recidivism  among  youth  who  are  already  justice-involved  has  not  been  well  explored.  The  few  studies  that  examine  recidivism  among  crossover  youth  are  limited  by  narrow  sample  selection  and  lack  of  rigorous  causal  methods.  Additionally,  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  system  experiences  are  often  conflated  in  the  literature  and  not  examined  as  two  separate  and  distinct  experiences.  The  unique  impacts  of  maltreatment  versus  child  welfare  system  involvement  and  the  combined  interaction  of  these  two  distinct  experiences  on  risk  for  recidivism  are  largely  unexamined.This  study  addresses  these  gaps  in  the  research  by  rigorously  examining  how  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  experiences  may  impact  risk  for  juvenile  justice  recidivism,  utilizing  advanced  causal  inference  methods  and  controlling  for  significant  potential  confounders.  Maltreatment  and  child  welfare  involvement  are  also  examined  as  two  unique  variables  to  further  our  understanding  of  how  the  distinct  experiences  impact  recidivism.  Specific  aims  include  testing  1)  whether  a  history  of  maltreatment  increases  the  risk  of  recidivism,  2)  whether  a  history  of  child  welfare  system  involvement  increases  the  risk  of  recidivism,  and  3)  whether  self-reported  maltreatment  moderates  the  effect  of  child  welfare  involvement  on  recidivism.This  study  involves  a  retrospective  review  of  administrative  data  from  the  Santa  Clara  County  Probation  Department  (SCCPD).  The  study  sample  includes  287  youth  who  were  referred  to  probation  between  August  2015  and  December  2017,  exited  probation  during  that  time,  and  had  at  least  one  sustained  petition  during  that  time.  I  chose  to  focus  on  youth  with  at  least  one  sustained  petition  because  the  only  measure  of  recidivism  in  the  dataset  is  a  subsequent  sustained  petition.  Additionally,  although  imperfect,  sustained  petitions  are  the  best  available  measure  of  whether  an  offense  actually  occurred.  Recidivism  data  was  measured  through  June  2019,  allowing  for  18  months  of  follow-up  data  for  all  youth  in  the  sample.  Youth  with  two  or  more  sustained  petitions  were  considered  to  have  recidivated.  Analyses  were  conducted  using  targeted  maximum  likelihood  estimation  (TMLE)  -  a  doubly-robust,  semi-parametric  approach  that  uses  estimates  of  both  the  treatment  mechanisms  and  the  outcome  regressions  to  rigorously  control  for  associations  between  confounders  and  both  treatment  and  outcomes,  making  it  a  particularly  useful  method  for  examining  causal  questions  using  quasi-experimental  designs  where  comparison  groups  may  not  be  equivalent  at  baseline.While  the  extant  literature  has  established  a  relationship  between  maltreatment  and  justice-system  involvement,  there  are  few  studies  that  examine  the  outcome  of  recidivism.  This  study  did  not  find  a  significant  relationship  between  either  maltreatment  or  child  welfare  system  involvement  and  recidivism.  Neither  maltreatment  nor  child  welfare  system  involvement  impacted  a  youth's  likelihood  of  recidivism  at  18  months,  and  there  were  no  moderation  effects  when  examining  the  interaction  between  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  system  involvement.  It  may  be  that  this  study  found  no  relationship  among  these  experiences  due  to  the  unique  design  of  this  study  -  including  the  broader  sample  used,  important  confounders  included,  and  causal  methods  utilized;  alternatively,  the  results  may  not  align  with  previous  literature  due  to  limitations  in  this  study's  dataset,  such  as  a  relatively  small  sample  size  and  some  missingness  in  key  variables.How  these  two  distinct  experiences  -  maltreatment  and  child  welfare  involvement  -  may  impact  juvenile  justice  outcomes  is  a  policy-relevant  question  in  need  of  further  examination.  Future  research  should  examine  child  welfare  system  involvement  using  advanced  causal  inference  methods  where  the  data  allows  for  a  more  detailed  and  complete  picture  of  the  youth's  involvement  with  the  child  welfare  system,  such  as  data  on  case  openings,  out-of-home-placements,  and  timing  of  system  involvement.  This  type  of  research  would  help  illuminate  the  specific  child  welfare  experiences  and  pathways  that  may  be  helpful  or  harmful  to  a  youth's  risk  of  recidivism.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aSocial  work.
■650  4▼aLaw.
■650  4▼aCriminology.
■653    ▼aChild  welfare
■653    ▼aChild  maltreatment
■653    ▼aModeration  effects
■690    ▼a0452
■690    ▼a0398
■690    ▼a0627
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bSocial  Welfare.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-04A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931086▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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