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Essays in Public Debt and Taxation- [electronic resource]
Essays in Public Debt and Taxation - [electronic resource]
Essays in Public Debt and Taxation- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100346
ISBN  
9798379711641
DDC  
658
저자명  
Datta, Neelanjan.
서명/저자  
Essays in Public Debt and Taxation - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Cornell University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(296 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Battaglini, Marco.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Public debt and taxation are central concerns of economic policy, with important implications for growth, equity, and stability. This dissertation consists of three essays that examine different aspects of these issues, using a combination of theoretical and empirical methods.The first chapter asks the question - can fiscal rules act as private investment stimulus policy? Such rules impose constraints on fiscal policy through mandated limits on government borrowings. Using annual balance sheet data from the universe of Indian firms that publicly release their annual balance sheet statements, and by exploiting the staggered adoption of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act by the Indian states, I find that a state's fiscal rule adoption leads an average firm located in the state to increase its stock of fixed capital at the end of the next financial year by $1.59 million (the pre-treatment sample average is $10.2 million). To understand the mechanism, I introduce fiscal rules into the framework of Chari, Dovis, and Kehoe (2020). Analytically characterizing the equilibrium dynamics of public debt, private investment, and bank deposits in a dynamic model of optimal taxation with fiscal rules and endogenous financial repression, I show that borrowing constraints on the government will stimulate private investment if the government is unable to commit to repay its existing debt. In this case, banks are forced to hold government bonds, and a fiscal rule causes "crowding-in" of investment and a commensurate decline in government borrowings from such financially repressed banks. Empirical evidence from state-level banking and public finance data provides support for this mechanism. Fiscal rules can be welfare-improving if the welfare loss from less tax-smoothing is dominated by the welfare gains from less crowding-out of valuable private investment.This provides a welfare-based rationale for the adoption of the FRBM Act by the federal and state governments in India, and contributes to the broader policy debate on fiscal restraints.The second chapter focuses on intergovernmental transfers in the form of loans and grants between a central government and state governments in a federal economy, and how political distortions can affect these transfers. I consider a multi-period political agency model where, in each period, a coalition government at the center has complete discretion over the amount of loans and grants it may give to different states, taking state elections that happen between periods into consideration. State incumbents tax their electorate, and exert effort to produce a local public good. The key feature of the model is that retrospective voters can perceive their tax burden, but can not observe center-state fiscal transfers. The main theoretical result is that the interaction between the extent of alignment of a state with the center, and how swing the state is in elections, affects the fraction of total transfers it receives in the form of loans, with this ratio being a decreasing function of the interactive term. Predictions from the model are tested using novel data from the Indian states over the period 1991-2019, and estimates suggest that an aligned state which is one standard deviation below the average aligned state in terms of the extent of alignment (as measured by the fraction of central cabinet portfolios held by the leading party in the state), and has the same degree of swing-ness (as measured by the fraction of seats assigned to the state in the national legislature that is controlled by the leading party at the center) as the average aligned state, has a 5.44% larger loans to total transfers ratio.Finally, in the third chapter (coauthored with Parimal Bag and Peng Wang), we examine how neighborhood information alters equilibrium auditing policy in tax enforcement. There is increasing reliance on data-driven auditing of businesses and proprietorship. However, the tax returns have garbled signals that are further confounded due to underreporting. We consider a model where entrepreneurs' profits depend on their individual types and a common market shock. A low ability, high profit earner underreports only when she observes her neighbor to have earned low profits: neighborhood information about the performance of other entrepreneurs in the same business prompts such strategic reporting, making the volume statistic of 'high submissions' a meaningful indicator of the market shock. In response auditors scrutinize all low profit returns only if the proportion of high submissions exceeds a threshold cutoff. Because this cutoff is endogenous and depends on the stochastic types and market shock, tax returns cannot systematically avoid audit scrutiny as in exogenous cutoff tax returns models. Auditing is enriched to combat the high 'tax gap', a well-known problem in tax enforcement.
일반주제명  
Finance.
일반주제명  
Public policy.
키워드  
Financial repression
키워드  
Fiscal federalism
키워드  
Fiscal rules
키워드  
Private investment
키워드  
Public finance
키워드  
Tax enforcement
기타저자  
Cornell University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30426281
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aDatta,  Neelanjan.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-1944-6286
■24510▼aEssays  in  Public  Debt  and  Taxation▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bCornell  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(296  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Battaglini,  Marco.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aPublic  debt  and  taxation  are  central  concerns  of  economic  policy,  with  important  implications  for  growth,  equity,  and  stability.  This  dissertation  consists  of  three  essays  that  examine  different  aspects  of  these  issues,  using  a  combination  of  theoretical  and  empirical  methods.The  first  chapter  asks  the  question  -  can  fiscal  rules  act  as  private  investment  stimulus  policy?  Such  rules  impose  constraints  on  fiscal  policy  through  mandated  limits  on  government  borrowings.  Using  annual  balance  sheet  data  from  the  universe  of  Indian  firms  that  publicly  release  their  annual  balance  sheet  statements,  and  by  exploiting  the  staggered  adoption  of  the  Fiscal  Responsibility  and  Budget  Management  (FRBM)  Act  by  the  Indian  states,  I  find  that  a  state's  fiscal  rule  adoption  leads  an  average  firm  located  in  the  state  to  increase  its  stock  of  fixed  capital  at  the  end  of  the  next  financial  year  by  $1.59  million  (the  pre-treatment  sample  average  is  $10.2  million).  To  understand  the  mechanism,  I  introduce  fiscal  rules  into  the  framework  of  Chari,  Dovis,  and  Kehoe  (2020).  Analytically  characterizing  the  equilibrium  dynamics  of  public  debt,  private  investment,  and  bank  deposits  in  a  dynamic  model  of  optimal  taxation  with  fiscal  rules  and  endogenous  financial  repression,  I  show  that  borrowing  constraints  on  the  government  will  stimulate  private  investment  if  the  government  is  unable  to  commit  to  repay  its  existing  debt.  In  this  case,  banks  are  forced  to  hold  government  bonds,  and  a  fiscal  rule  causes  "crowding-in"  of  investment  and  a  commensurate  decline  in  government  borrowings  from  such  financially  repressed  banks.  Empirical  evidence  from  state-level  banking  and  public  finance  data  provides  support  for  this  mechanism.  Fiscal  rules  can  be  welfare-improving  if  the  welfare  loss  from  less  tax-smoothing  is  dominated  by  the  welfare  gains  from  less  crowding-out  of  valuable  private  investment.This  provides  a  welfare-based  rationale  for  the  adoption  of  the  FRBM  Act  by  the  federal  and  state  governments  in  India,  and  contributes  to  the  broader  policy  debate  on  fiscal  restraints.The  second  chapter  focuses  on  intergovernmental  transfers  in  the  form  of  loans  and  grants  between  a  central  government  and  state  governments  in  a  federal  economy,  and  how  political  distortions  can  affect  these  transfers.  I  consider  a  multi-period  political  agency  model  where,  in  each  period,  a  coalition  government  at  the  center  has  complete  discretion  over  the  amount  of  loans  and  grants  it  may  give  to  different  states,  taking  state  elections  that  happen  between  periods  into  consideration.  State  incumbents  tax  their  electorate,  and  exert  effort  to  produce  a  local  public  good.  The  key  feature  of  the  model  is  that  retrospective  voters  can  perceive  their  tax  burden,  but  can  not  observe  center-state  fiscal  transfers.  The  main  theoretical  result  is  that  the  interaction  between  the  extent  of  alignment  of  a  state  with  the  center,  and  how  swing  the  state  is  in  elections,  affects  the  fraction  of  total  transfers  it  receives  in  the  form  of  loans,  with  this  ratio  being  a  decreasing  function  of  the  interactive  term.  Predictions  from  the  model  are  tested  using  novel  data  from  the  Indian  states  over  the  period  1991-2019,  and  estimates  suggest  that  an  aligned  state  which  is  one  standard  deviation  below  the  average  aligned  state  in  terms  of  the  extent  of  alignment  (as  measured  by  the  fraction  of  central  cabinet  portfolios  held  by  the  leading  party  in  the  state),  and  has  the  same  degree  of  swing-ness  (as  measured  by  the  fraction  of  seats  assigned  to  the  state  in  the  national  legislature  that  is  controlled  by  the  leading  party  at  the  center)  as  the  average  aligned  state,  has  a  5.44%  larger  loans  to  total  transfers  ratio.Finally,  in  the  third  chapter  (coauthored  with  Parimal  Bag  and  Peng  Wang),  we  examine  how  neighborhood  information  alters  equilibrium  auditing  policy  in  tax  enforcement.  There  is  increasing  reliance  on  data-driven  auditing  of  businesses  and  proprietorship.  However,  the  tax  returns  have  garbled  signals  that  are  further  confounded  due  to  underreporting.  We  consider  a  model  where  entrepreneurs'  profits  depend  on  their  individual  types  and  a  common  market  shock.  A  low  ability,  high  profit  earner  underreports  only  when  she  observes  her  neighbor  to  have  earned  low  profits:  neighborhood  information  about  the  performance  of  other  entrepreneurs  in  the  same  business  prompts  such  strategic  reporting,  making  the  volume  statistic  of  'high  submissions'  a  meaningful  indicator  of  the  market  shock.  In  response  auditors  scrutinize  all  low  profit  returns  only  if  the  proportion  of  high  submissions  exceeds  a  threshold  cutoff.  Because  this  cutoff  is  endogenous  and  depends  on  the  stochastic  types  and  market  shock,  tax  returns  cannot  systematically  avoid  audit  scrutiny  as  in  exogenous  cutoff  tax  returns  models.  Auditing  is  enriched  to  combat  the  high  'tax  gap',  a  well-known  problem  in  tax  enforcement.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aFinance.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy.
■653    ▼aFinancial  repression
■653    ▼aFiscal  federalism
■653    ▼aFiscal  rules
■653    ▼aPrivate  investment
■653    ▼aPublic  finance
■653    ▼aTax  enforcement
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0508
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931901▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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