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Essays on Macroeconomics and Family Economics- [electronic resource]
Essays on Macroeconomics and Family Economics - [electronic resource]
Essays on Macroeconomics and Family Economics- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100105
ISBN  
9798379750862
DDC  
640
저자명  
Diaz Casanueva, Agustin.
서명/저자  
Essays on Macroeconomics and Family Economics - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of Pennsylvania., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(155 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Rios Rull, Jose Victor.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약In the first chapter titled "Cognitive Ability, Education, and Fertility Risk", I explore the role of cognitive ability in fertility timing. Women in the bottom quartile of the cognitive ability distribution are nine times more likely to have their first child as a teenager. First, I document the differences in age at childbirth by cognitive abilities and the fact that this relationship persists after controlling for wage, education, demographics, and measurement errors. Subsequently, utilizing NLSY79 data, I build and estimate a life cycle model to jointly study the relationship between contraception efficiency, age at childbirth, education, wages, and marriage. Then, I answer through the model's lens whether low educational outcomes among teenage mothers are due to the cost of attending college with a child or if they have children earlier because they do not attend college. I find that college is too costly for teen mothers, even without a child, so postponing maternity does not lead to higher college attendance. Finally, I explore the 32% reduction in teen pregnancies during the 1990s and 2000s. According to the model, the decline in teen pregnancies was primarily driven by an increase in women's wages, contraception efficiency, and a reduction in the cost of attending college. In the second chapter "The Role of Parental Altruism in Parents' Consumption, College Financial Support, and Outcomes in Higher Education", I analyze how parent-child interactions and parents' altruism impact college financial support and outcomes. Firstly, I document how wealthy parents with poor children change their consumption patterns. Finding that a poor child reduces parent consumption by 2000 dollars annually. Then I use a dynamic altruistic overlapping generations model, in which parents and children interact each period to study if parents use college financial aid as a mechanism to reduce future overconsumption, helping to explain the highest graduation rates for low-ability children with wealthy parents, compared to low-ability children with non-wealthy parents. The model explains 60% of the college graduation gap among low-ability students of different parental wealth. Finally, in the third chapter, "Fiscal and Generational Imbalances in the U.S. Federal Budget", joint with Jagadeesh Gokhale and Kent A. Smetters, we use the Penn Wharton Budget Model's microsimulation and U.S. demographic projections to estimate federal fiscal and generational imbalances. First, we utilized survey data to estimate the average per-capita payments of each type of government tax and transfer by education, age, race, and cohort. Next, we used the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) aggregate payment projections to estimate per capita government taxes and benefits for each group until 2030. As the CBO only submits forecasts until 2030, we assumed that tax and transfer growth would continue at the labor productivity rate thereafter. Finally, we aggregated all taxes and transfers, accounting for population growth and demographic changes. Based on our analysis, the federal government's fiscal imbalance (FI) under current fiscal laws and purchase policies over the next 75 years is 7.0 percent of the present value of projected GDP (PVGDP), and calculated in perpetuity, it is 8.2 percent of PVGDP. Furthermore, the FI as a share of the present value of federal expenditures over the next 75 years equals 29.8 percent, while it equals 38.6 percent as a share of the present value of federal revenues implying that to keep the fiscal balance, the government should reduce expenditures or increase taxes in the previous magnitudes. We also measure the generational imbalance (GI) for Social Security and Medicare Part A, which shows the present value of net benefits in excess of taxes paid by past and currently alive generations. Our findings indicate that the imbalance for past and current generations amount to $44.7 trillion, while the imbalance for future-born generations is $38.4 trillion.
일반주제명  
Home economics.
일반주제명  
Higher education.
일반주제명  
Individual & family studies.
키워드  
Teenager
키워드  
Cognitive ability
키워드  
Childbirth
키워드  
Contraception efficiency
키워드  
Parents
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aDiaz  Casanueva,  Agustin.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Macroeconomics  and  Family  Economics▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(155  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Rios  Rull,  Jose  Victor.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aIn  the  first  chapter  titled  "Cognitive  Ability,  Education,  and  Fertility  Risk",  I  explore  the  role  of  cognitive  ability  in  fertility  timing.  Women  in  the  bottom  quartile  of  the  cognitive  ability  distribution  are  nine  times  more  likely  to  have  their  first  child  as  a  teenager.  First,  I  document  the  differences  in  age  at  childbirth  by  cognitive  abilities  and  the  fact  that  this  relationship  persists  after  controlling  for  wage,  education,  demographics,  and  measurement  errors.  Subsequently,  utilizing  NLSY79  data,  I  build  and  estimate  a  life  cycle  model  to  jointly  study  the  relationship  between  contraception  efficiency,  age  at  childbirth,  education,  wages,  and  marriage.  Then,  I  answer  through  the  model's  lens  whether  low  educational  outcomes  among  teenage  mothers  are  due  to  the  cost  of  attending  college  with  a  child  or  if  they  have  children  earlier  because  they  do  not  attend  college.  I  find  that  college  is  too  costly  for  teen  mothers,  even  without  a  child,  so  postponing  maternity  does  not  lead  to  higher  college  attendance.  Finally,  I  explore  the  32%  reduction  in  teen  pregnancies  during  the  1990s  and  2000s.  According  to  the  model,  the  decline  in  teen  pregnancies  was  primarily  driven  by  an  increase  in  women's  wages,  contraception  efficiency,  and  a  reduction  in  the  cost  of  attending  college. In  the  second  chapter  "The  Role  of  Parental  Altruism  in  Parents'  Consumption,  College  Financial  Support,  and  Outcomes  in  Higher  Education",  I  analyze  how  parent-child  interactions  and  parents'  altruism  impact  college  financial  support  and  outcomes.  Firstly,  I  document  how  wealthy  parents  with  poor  children  change  their  consumption  patterns.  Finding  that  a  poor  child  reduces  parent  consumption  by  2000  dollars  annually.  Then  I  use  a  dynamic  altruistic  overlapping  generations  model,  in  which  parents  and  children  interact  each  period  to  study  if  parents  use  college  financial  aid  as  a  mechanism  to  reduce  future  overconsumption,  helping  to  explain  the  highest  graduation  rates  for  low-ability  children  with  wealthy  parents,  compared  to  low-ability  children  with  non-wealthy  parents.  The  model  explains  60%  of  the  college  graduation  gap  among  low-ability  students  of  different  parental  wealth. Finally,  in  the  third  chapter,  "Fiscal  and  Generational  Imbalances  in  the  U.S.  Federal  Budget",  joint  with  Jagadeesh  Gokhale  and  Kent  A.  Smetters,  we  use  the  Penn  Wharton  Budget  Model's  microsimulation  and  U.S.  demographic  projections  to  estimate  federal  fiscal  and  generational  imbalances.  First,  we  utilized  survey  data  to  estimate  the  average  per-capita  payments  of  each  type  of  government  tax  and  transfer  by  education,  age,  race,  and  cohort.  Next,  we  used  the  Congressional  Budget  Office's  (CBO)  aggregate  payment  projections  to  estimate  per  capita  government  taxes  and  benefits  for  each  group  until  2030.  As  the  CBO  only  submits  forecasts  until  2030,  we  assumed  that  tax  and  transfer  growth  would  continue  at  the  labor  productivity  rate  thereafter.  Finally,  we  aggregated  all  taxes  and  transfers,  accounting  for  population  growth  and  demographic  changes.  Based  on  our  analysis,  the  federal  government's  fiscal  imbalance  (FI)  under  current  fiscal  laws  and  purchase  policies  over  the  next  75  years  is  7.0  percent  of  the  present  value  of  projected  GDP  (PVGDP),  and  calculated  in  perpetuity,  it  is  8.2  percent  of  PVGDP.  Furthermore,  the  FI  as  a  share  of  the  present  value  of  federal  expenditures  over  the  next  75  years  equals  29.8  percent,  while  it  equals  38.6  percent  as  a  share  of  the  present  value  of  federal  revenues  implying  that  to  keep  the  fiscal  balance,  the  government  should  reduce  expenditures  or  increase  taxes  in  the  previous  magnitudes.  We  also  measure  the  generational  imbalance  (GI)  for  Social  Security  and  Medicare  Part  A,  which  shows  the  present  value  of  net  benefits  in  excess  of  taxes  paid  by  past  and  currently  alive  generations.  Our  findings  indicate  that  the  imbalance  for  past  and  current  generations  amount  to  $44.7  trillion,  while  the  imbalance  for  future-born  generations  is  $38.4  trillion.
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■650  4▼aHome  economics.
■650  4▼aHigher  education.
■650  4▼aIndividual  &  family  studies.
■653    ▼aTeenager
■653    ▼aCognitive  ability
■653    ▼aChildbirth
■653    ▼aContraception  efficiency
■653    ▼aParents
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0745
■690    ▼a0628
■690    ▼a0386
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931696▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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