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Relations in Human Cognition- [electronic resource]
Relations in Human Cognition- [electronic resource]
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문파일 국외
- 최종처리일시
- 20240214101240
- ISBN
- 9798379723644
- DDC
- 153
- 서명/저자
- Relations in Human Cognition - [electronic resource]
- 발행사항
- [S.l.]: : University of California, Los Angeles., 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
- 형태사항
- 1 online resource(162 p.)
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Lu, Hongjing.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2023.
- 사용제한주기
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Human thinking relies on the ability to process relations between individuals, kinds, properties, and other relations. Explicit relation processing has been invoked to explain our ability to grasp 'cross-domain' analogies between situations whose similarity is driven by a shared relational structure, rather than any similarities among the relata populating each analog (e.g., between the solar system and an atom) and 'cross-modal' analogies between relata spanning different sensory modalities (e.g., sound and vision); generalize relational schemas, categories whose members share some canonical structure (e.g., things consisting of elements converging on a central location); or abstract rule-like sequences (e.g., an A-B-A sequence of syllables). At the same time, explicit relation processing requires that a reasoner simultaneously represent a set of individual relata and then bind them to a relational structure. This ability is slow to develop in childhood, and even among adults, it places high demands on working memory. Relations thus raise a tension between the expressive advantage they confer and the cognitive cost they impose, and this tension suggests that the human ability for relation processing does not imply its inevitable use, especially when less-demanding alternatives are available.The present dissertation confronts this tension and attempts to specify the computational mechanisms by which human reasoners process relations in the face of their cognitive demands. It presents novel research that clarifies how humans make use of explicitly relational thought instead of nonrelational alternatives. In Chapter 1, I start by examining the role of relations in comparison. Cognitive scientists researching analogy have generalized the processes governing analogical comparison, and the representations of relational structure that it operates on, to all comparison. A consequence of this view is that human reasoners make use of relations whenever they make any comparison. I test this claim and show that whereas relations do tend to underlie comparisons aimed at assessing similarity, they tend not to underlie assessments of difference. This asymmetry is consistent with recent accounts of a representational asymmetry between the relations same and different, in which different is represented as a negation of the relation same (i.e., different is represented as not-same). When judging difference, human reasoners are more likely to shift to simpler non-relational representations to ease working memory capacity. Having lent support to the claim that explicit similarity judgments do tend to incorporate relational information, I extend this claim to implicit similarity comparisons made during recognition in Chapter 2. When an agent attempts to assess whether they recognize a given stimulus, they make an implicit comparison between the perceptually available stimulus to a representation in memory. I show that when agents make this comparison, they tend to incorporate relational information; indeed, relations are available to serve as cues in human recognition memory.Finally, in Chapter 3, I examine a cognitive process, generative analogical inference, that integrates human reasoning and memory, investigated relatively independently in Chapters 1 and 2 respectively. I introduce a computational model of this process, in which a reasoner uses their prior knowledge of some familiar source domain to elaborate on some less-familiar target domain. This new model can reproduce human-like inference whether the relational structure that constrains inference is prespecified in the model input, as required by existing inference models, or are unspecified, unlike existing models. Across three simulations, I use comparisons between this model and a non-relational control model to clarify what relations contribute to the inference process. Specifically, relations promote far generalization across semantically distance analogs. My dissertation instantiates a framework for studying human relation processing that acknowledges both the expressive advantages that relations provide and the cognitive costs imposed by processing them.
- 일반주제명
- Cognitive psychology.
- 일반주제명
- Bioinformatics.
- 키워드
- Concepts
- 키워드
- Memory
- 키워드
- Reasoning
- 키워드
- Human thinking
- 키워드
- Human relation
- 기타저자
- University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstract International
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798379723644
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30528367
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a153
■1001 ▼aIchien, Nicholas.
■24510▼aRelations in Human Cognition▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity of California, Los Angeles. ▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor :▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ▼c2023
■300 ▼a1 online resource(162 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Lu, Hongjing.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2023.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aHuman thinking relies on the ability to process relations between individuals, kinds, properties, and other relations. Explicit relation processing has been invoked to explain our ability to grasp 'cross-domain' analogies between situations whose similarity is driven by a shared relational structure, rather than any similarities among the relata populating each analog (e.g., between the solar system and an atom) and 'cross-modal' analogies between relata spanning different sensory modalities (e.g., sound and vision); generalize relational schemas, categories whose members share some canonical structure (e.g., things consisting of elements converging on a central location); or abstract rule-like sequences (e.g., an A-B-A sequence of syllables). At the same time, explicit relation processing requires that a reasoner simultaneously represent a set of individual relata and then bind them to a relational structure. This ability is slow to develop in childhood, and even among adults, it places high demands on working memory. Relations thus raise a tension between the expressive advantage they confer and the cognitive cost they impose, and this tension suggests that the human ability for relation processing does not imply its inevitable use, especially when less-demanding alternatives are available.The present dissertation confronts this tension and attempts to specify the computational mechanisms by which human reasoners process relations in the face of their cognitive demands. It presents novel research that clarifies how humans make use of explicitly relational thought instead of nonrelational alternatives. In Chapter 1, I start by examining the role of relations in comparison. Cognitive scientists researching analogy have generalized the processes governing analogical comparison, and the representations of relational structure that it operates on, to all comparison. A consequence of this view is that human reasoners make use of relations whenever they make any comparison. I test this claim and show that whereas relations do tend to underlie comparisons aimed at assessing similarity, they tend not to underlie assessments of difference. This asymmetry is consistent with recent accounts of a representational asymmetry between the relations same and different, in which different is represented as a negation of the relation same (i.e., different is represented as not-same). When judging difference, human reasoners are more likely to shift to simpler non-relational representations to ease working memory capacity. Having lent support to the claim that explicit similarity judgments do tend to incorporate relational information, I extend this claim to implicit similarity comparisons made during recognition in Chapter 2. When an agent attempts to assess whether they recognize a given stimulus, they make an implicit comparison between the perceptually available stimulus to a representation in memory. I show that when agents make this comparison, they tend to incorporate relational information; indeed, relations are available to serve as cues in human recognition memory.Finally, in Chapter 3, I examine a cognitive process, generative analogical inference, that integrates human reasoning and memory, investigated relatively independently in Chapters 1 and 2 respectively. I introduce a computational model of this process, in which a reasoner uses their prior knowledge of some familiar source domain to elaborate on some less-familiar target domain. This new model can reproduce human-like inference whether the relational structure that constrains inference is prespecified in the model input, as required by existing inference models, or are unspecified, unlike existing models. Across three simulations, I use comparisons between this model and a non-relational control model to clarify what relations contribute to the inference process. Specifically, relations promote far generalization across semantically distance analogs. My dissertation instantiates a framework for studying human relation processing that acknowledges both the expressive advantages that relations provide and the cognitive costs imposed by processing them.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0031.
■650 4▼aCognitive psychology.
■650 4▼aBioinformatics.
■653 ▼aConcepts
■653 ▼aMemory
■653 ▼aReasoning
■653 ▼aHuman thinking
■653 ▼aHuman relation
■690 ▼a0633
■690 ▼a0800
■690 ▼a0715
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼bPsychology 0780.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g84-12B.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0031
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933385▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024
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