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Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton- [electronic resource]
Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton - [electronic resource]
Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101242
ISBN  
9798380140812
DDC  
574.191
저자명  
Zsolnay, Vilmos.
서명/저자  
Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : The University of Chicago., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(184 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kovar, David;Voth, Gregory.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Cells need to move, divide, change shape, transport cargo, and explore their environment. To perform this diverse array of functions, cells dynamically construct and rearrange actin filaments into distinct networks through interactions between actin and unique combinations of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). These proteins constitute the actin cytoskeleton. The protein-protein interactions, which typically occur on the scale of angstroms to nanometers, lead to profound changes in the emergent actin filament networks at the micron scale. By understanding the mechanisms that govern the behavior at the molecular level, one can gain a deeper understanding of the higher-order structures that emerge. This appreciation is key to identifying how healthy cells carry out important cytoskeletal functions and how unhealthy cells, some with only one amino acid mutated, fail to do so.In recent years, research has demonstrated that the behavior of a wide range of ABPs can be modulated by mechanical forces. The effect of this is that cells can utilize the actin cytoskeleton in ways that are tailored to particular mechanical stimuli. Interestingly, different forms of mechanoregulation have been reported. Some systems respond when forces are applied to the ABP, as in the case of the actin nucleation and elongation factor, formin. For other systems, the behavior of the ABP changes when force is applied to the actin filaments themselves, as in the case of mechanosensitive LIM domains. Additionally, the effect of the force can either enhance ABP binding or activity, as in the case of LIM and certain isoforms of formin, respectively, or limit protein activity, as in one isoform of formin. However, many of these interesting phenomena have not been explained in mechanistic detail. Here, I present a body of work that explains the molecular origins of important behaviors and interactions that govern the actin cytoskeleton. First, I use classical molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate why one end of a bare actin filament has much faster polymerization kinetics than the other, and report that the conformational change between actin monomers in solution and actin subunits in filaments occurs gradually as additional subunits are added. In the second project, I apply forces to actin filaments using steered molecular dynamics. This reveals that a distinct residue switch governs at which interface the actin filament fragments. However, before fragmentation occurs, a metastable 'cracked' state presents a unique strain-induced binding surface. I find that mechanosensitive LIM domains bind the crack, and these binding poses offer natural explanations for what conveys mechanosensitivity to LIM domains. Third, I use a coarse grained model to simulate the process of cytokinetic ring assembly in a fission yeast cell. These results demonstrate how the mechanoregulation of formin impacts the higher-order emergent phenomenon of ring formation. Fourth, I set up and use a microfluidics apparatus to exert forces onto individual formin molecules anchored to the coverslip. This reveals that a single formin dimer isoform can be either enhanced or inhibited when subjected to tension. Lastly, I report on ongoing projects aimed at understanding the mechanism of spontaneous actin filament nucleation and inorganic phosphate release, and suggest future directions.
일반주제명  
Biophysics.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry.
키워드  
Actin
키워드  
Molecular dynamics
키워드  
Molecular mechanisms
키워드  
Actin-binding proteins
키워드  
Mechanical stimuli
기타저자  
The University of Chicago Biophysical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-02B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520240214101242
■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798380140812
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30528857
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574.191
■1001  ▼aZsolnay,  Vilmos.
■24510▼aMolecular  Mechanisms  of  the  Actin  Cytoskeleton▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bThe  University  of  Chicago.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(184  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kovar,  David;Voth,  Gregory.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Chicago,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aCells  need  to  move,  divide,  change  shape,  transport  cargo,  and  explore  their  environment.  To  perform  this  diverse  array  of  functions,  cells  dynamically  construct  and  rearrange  actin  filaments  into  distinct  networks  through  interactions  between  actin  and  unique  combinations  of  actin-binding  proteins  (ABPs).  These  proteins  constitute  the  actin  cytoskeleton.  The  protein-protein  interactions,  which  typically  occur  on  the  scale  of  angstroms  to  nanometers,  lead  to  profound  changes  in  the  emergent  actin  filament  networks  at  the  micron  scale.  By  understanding  the  mechanisms  that  govern  the  behavior  at  the  molecular  level,  one  can  gain  a  deeper  understanding  of  the  higher-order  structures  that  emerge.  This  appreciation  is  key  to  identifying  how  healthy  cells  carry  out  important  cytoskeletal  functions  and  how  unhealthy  cells,  some  with  only  one  amino  acid  mutated,  fail  to  do  so.In  recent  years,  research  has  demonstrated  that  the  behavior  of  a  wide  range  of  ABPs  can  be  modulated  by  mechanical  forces.  The  effect  of  this  is  that  cells  can  utilize  the  actin  cytoskeleton  in  ways  that  are  tailored  to  particular  mechanical  stimuli.  Interestingly,  different  forms  of  mechanoregulation  have  been  reported.  Some  systems  respond  when  forces  are  applied  to  the  ABP,  as  in  the  case  of  the  actin  nucleation  and  elongation  factor,  formin.  For  other  systems,  the  behavior  of  the  ABP  changes  when  force  is  applied  to  the  actin  filaments  themselves,  as  in  the  case  of  mechanosensitive  LIM  domains.  Additionally,  the  effect  of  the  force  can  either  enhance  ABP  binding  or  activity,  as  in  the  case  of  LIM  and  certain  isoforms  of  formin,  respectively,  or  limit  protein  activity,  as  in  one  isoform  of  formin.  However,  many  of  these  interesting  phenomena  have  not  been  explained  in  mechanistic  detail.  Here,  I  present  a  body  of  work  that  explains  the  molecular  origins  of  important  behaviors  and  interactions  that  govern  the  actin  cytoskeleton.  First,  I  use  classical  molecular  dynamics  simulations  to  elucidate  why  one  end  of  a  bare  actin  filament  has  much  faster  polymerization  kinetics  than  the  other,  and  report  that  the  conformational  change  between  actin  monomers  in  solution  and  actin  subunits  in  filaments  occurs  gradually  as  additional  subunits  are  added.  In  the  second  project,  I  apply  forces  to  actin  filaments  using  steered  molecular  dynamics.  This  reveals  that  a  distinct  residue  switch  governs  at  which  interface  the  actin  filament  fragments.  However,  before  fragmentation  occurs,  a  metastable  'cracked'  state  presents  a  unique  strain-induced  binding  surface.  I  find  that  mechanosensitive  LIM  domains  bind  the  crack,  and  these  binding  poses  offer  natural  explanations  for  what  conveys  mechanosensitivity  to  LIM  domains.  Third,  I  use  a  coarse  grained  model  to  simulate  the  process  of  cytokinetic  ring  assembly  in  a  fission  yeast  cell.  These  results  demonstrate  how  the  mechanoregulation  of  formin  impacts  the  higher-order  emergent  phenomenon  of  ring  formation.  Fourth,  I  set  up  and  use  a  microfluidics  apparatus  to  exert  forces  onto  individual  formin  molecules  anchored  to  the  coverslip.  This  reveals  that  a  single  formin  dimer  isoform  can  be  either  enhanced  or  inhibited  when  subjected  to  tension.  Lastly,  I  report  on  ongoing  projects  aimed  at  understanding  the  mechanism  of  spontaneous  actin  filament  nucleation  and  inorganic  phosphate  release,  and  suggest  future  directions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0330.
■650  4▼aBiophysics.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry.
■653    ▼aActin
■653    ▼aMolecular  dynamics
■653    ▼aMolecular  mechanisms
■653    ▼aActin-binding  proteins
■653    ▼aMechanical  stimuli
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0487
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Chicago▼bBiophysical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-02B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0330
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933405▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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