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Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton- [electronic resource]
Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문파일 국외
- 최종처리일시
- 20240214101242
- ISBN
- 9798380140812
- DDC
- 574.191
- 저자명
- Zsolnay, Vilmos.
- 서명/저자
- Molecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton - [electronic resource]
- 발행사항
- [S.l.]: : The University of Chicago., 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
- 형태사항
- 1 online resource(184 p.)
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Kovar, David;Voth, Gregory.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2023.
- 사용제한주기
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Cells need to move, divide, change shape, transport cargo, and explore their environment. To perform this diverse array of functions, cells dynamically construct and rearrange actin filaments into distinct networks through interactions between actin and unique combinations of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). These proteins constitute the actin cytoskeleton. The protein-protein interactions, which typically occur on the scale of angstroms to nanometers, lead to profound changes in the emergent actin filament networks at the micron scale. By understanding the mechanisms that govern the behavior at the molecular level, one can gain a deeper understanding of the higher-order structures that emerge. This appreciation is key to identifying how healthy cells carry out important cytoskeletal functions and how unhealthy cells, some with only one amino acid mutated, fail to do so.In recent years, research has demonstrated that the behavior of a wide range of ABPs can be modulated by mechanical forces. The effect of this is that cells can utilize the actin cytoskeleton in ways that are tailored to particular mechanical stimuli. Interestingly, different forms of mechanoregulation have been reported. Some systems respond when forces are applied to the ABP, as in the case of the actin nucleation and elongation factor, formin. For other systems, the behavior of the ABP changes when force is applied to the actin filaments themselves, as in the case of mechanosensitive LIM domains. Additionally, the effect of the force can either enhance ABP binding or activity, as in the case of LIM and certain isoforms of formin, respectively, or limit protein activity, as in one isoform of formin. However, many of these interesting phenomena have not been explained in mechanistic detail. Here, I present a body of work that explains the molecular origins of important behaviors and interactions that govern the actin cytoskeleton. First, I use classical molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate why one end of a bare actin filament has much faster polymerization kinetics than the other, and report that the conformational change between actin monomers in solution and actin subunits in filaments occurs gradually as additional subunits are added. In the second project, I apply forces to actin filaments using steered molecular dynamics. This reveals that a distinct residue switch governs at which interface the actin filament fragments. However, before fragmentation occurs, a metastable 'cracked' state presents a unique strain-induced binding surface. I find that mechanosensitive LIM domains bind the crack, and these binding poses offer natural explanations for what conveys mechanosensitivity to LIM domains. Third, I use a coarse grained model to simulate the process of cytokinetic ring assembly in a fission yeast cell. These results demonstrate how the mechanoregulation of formin impacts the higher-order emergent phenomenon of ring formation. Fourth, I set up and use a microfluidics apparatus to exert forces onto individual formin molecules anchored to the coverslip. This reveals that a single formin dimer isoform can be either enhanced or inhibited when subjected to tension. Lastly, I report on ongoing projects aimed at understanding the mechanism of spontaneous actin filament nucleation and inorganic phosphate release, and suggest future directions.
- 일반주제명
- Biophysics.
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology.
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology.
- 일반주제명
- Biochemistry.
- 키워드
- Actin
- 기타저자
- The University of Chicago Biophysical Sciences
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-02B.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstract International
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008240612s2023 us |||||||||||||||c||eng d■001000016933405
■00520240214101242
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798380140812
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30528857
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574.191
■1001 ▼aZsolnay, Vilmos.
■24510▼aMolecular Mechanisms of the Actin Cytoskeleton▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]:▼bThe University of Chicago. ▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor :▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ▼c2023
■300 ▼a1 online resource(184 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Kovar, David;Voth, Gregory.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2023.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aCells need to move, divide, change shape, transport cargo, and explore their environment. To perform this diverse array of functions, cells dynamically construct and rearrange actin filaments into distinct networks through interactions between actin and unique combinations of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). These proteins constitute the actin cytoskeleton. The protein-protein interactions, which typically occur on the scale of angstroms to nanometers, lead to profound changes in the emergent actin filament networks at the micron scale. By understanding the mechanisms that govern the behavior at the molecular level, one can gain a deeper understanding of the higher-order structures that emerge. This appreciation is key to identifying how healthy cells carry out important cytoskeletal functions and how unhealthy cells, some with only one amino acid mutated, fail to do so.In recent years, research has demonstrated that the behavior of a wide range of ABPs can be modulated by mechanical forces. The effect of this is that cells can utilize the actin cytoskeleton in ways that are tailored to particular mechanical stimuli. Interestingly, different forms of mechanoregulation have been reported. Some systems respond when forces are applied to the ABP, as in the case of the actin nucleation and elongation factor, formin. For other systems, the behavior of the ABP changes when force is applied to the actin filaments themselves, as in the case of mechanosensitive LIM domains. Additionally, the effect of the force can either enhance ABP binding or activity, as in the case of LIM and certain isoforms of formin, respectively, or limit protein activity, as in one isoform of formin. However, many of these interesting phenomena have not been explained in mechanistic detail. Here, I present a body of work that explains the molecular origins of important behaviors and interactions that govern the actin cytoskeleton. First, I use classical molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate why one end of a bare actin filament has much faster polymerization kinetics than the other, and report that the conformational change between actin monomers in solution and actin subunits in filaments occurs gradually as additional subunits are added. In the second project, I apply forces to actin filaments using steered molecular dynamics. This reveals that a distinct residue switch governs at which interface the actin filament fragments. However, before fragmentation occurs, a metastable 'cracked' state presents a unique strain-induced binding surface. I find that mechanosensitive LIM domains bind the crack, and these binding poses offer natural explanations for what conveys mechanosensitivity to LIM domains. Third, I use a coarse grained model to simulate the process of cytokinetic ring assembly in a fission yeast cell. These results demonstrate how the mechanoregulation of formin impacts the higher-order emergent phenomenon of ring formation. Fourth, I set up and use a microfluidics apparatus to exert forces onto individual formin molecules anchored to the coverslip. This reveals that a single formin dimer isoform can be either enhanced or inhibited when subjected to tension. Lastly, I report on ongoing projects aimed at understanding the mechanism of spontaneous actin filament nucleation and inorganic phosphate release, and suggest future directions.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0330.
■650 4▼aBiophysics.
■650 4▼aCellular biology.
■650 4▼aMolecular biology.
■650 4▼aBiochemistry.
■653 ▼aActin
■653 ▼aMolecular dynamics
■653 ▼aMolecular mechanisms
■653 ▼aActin-binding proteins
■653 ▼aMechanical stimuli
■690 ▼a0786
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0487
■71020▼aThe University of Chicago▼bBiophysical Sciences.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-02B.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0330
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933405▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024
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