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The Macroeconomics of Structural Transformation- [electronic resource]
The Macroeconomics of Structural Transformation - [electronic resource]
The Macroeconomics of Structural Transformation- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100457
ISBN  
9798379614027
DDC  
338.88
저자명  
Unger, Gabriel.
서명/저자  
The Macroeconomics of Structural Transformation - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(171 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Summers, Lawrence.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of three essays about the broad structural and technological changes to the US economy over the past fifty years, and their macroeconomic implications.Chapter 1 looks at the relationship between the rise of IT and the rise in industrial concentration. Over the past four decades, most sectors of the US economy have become significantly more concentrated: a small number of large firms now have a much larger market share. Using administrative microdata on firms in every sector of the US economy, including new administrative data on firm-level IT investments, I show that the IT Revolution \\\\disproportionately benefited the largest firms - an instance of what we might call scale-biased technological change (ScBTC). I document that the largest firms have invested more intensively in IT than smaller firms have, particularly in the most advanced and proprietary kinds of IT. I also document that larger firms are generally more capital intensive than smaller firms, and operate at higher returns to scale, but that large firms invest an even greater share of their capital expenditures on IT than small firms do. I discuss how production function estimates and a model of firm heterogeneity and fixed costs might be used to show how the decline in the price of IT ultimately led to the rise of US industrial concentration, and how this can be distinguished from competing causal theories about a fall in competition or a rise in competition. Simple calibration exercises can quantitatively generate large increases in concentration from declines in the price of IT.Chapter 2, joint work with Jan De Loecker and Jan Eeckhout, looks at the relationship between rising industrial concentration, and rising aggregate markups. We document the evolution of markups based on firm-level data for the US economy since 1955. Initially, markups are stable, even slightly decreasing. In 1980, average markups start to rise from 21\\% above marginal cost to 61\\% now. The increase is driven mainly by the upper tail of the markup distribution: the upper percentiles have increased sharply, while the median is unchanged. In addition to fattening upper tail of the unweighted markup distribution, there is reallocation of market share from low to high markup firms. This rise occurs mostly within industry for all industries. We also find an increase in profits. While there is some increase in overhead costs, the markup increase is in excess of overhead. We then discuss the macroeconomic implications of an increase in average market power, which can account for a number of secular trends in the last four decades, most notably the declining labor and capital shares as well as the decrease in labor market dynamism.Chapter 3 presents a broad research agenda going forward for understanding the macroeconomics of structural transformation, and specifically outlines some speculative theories about our basic theories about economic growth, and the business cycle.
키워드  
US economy
키워드  
Administrative microdata
키워드  
Calibration exercises
키워드  
Macroeconomics
기타저자  
Harvard University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520240214100457
■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798379614027
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30492506
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a338.88
■1001  ▼aUnger,  Gabriel.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-2951-3649
■24510▼aThe  Macroeconomics  of  Structural  Transformation▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(171  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Summers,  Lawrence.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  essays  about  the  broad  structural  and  technological  changes  to  the  US  economy  over  the  past  fifty  years,  and  their  macroeconomic  implications.Chapter  1  looks  at  the  relationship  between  the  rise  of  IT  and  the  rise  in  industrial  concentration.  Over  the  past  four  decades,  most  sectors  of  the  US  economy  have  become  significantly  more  concentrated:  a  small  number  of  large  firms  now  have  a  much  larger  market  share.  Using  administrative  microdata  on  firms  in  every  sector  of  the  US  economy,  including  new  administrative  data  on  firm-level  IT  investments,  I  show  that  the  IT  Revolution  \\\\disproportionately  benefited  the  largest  firms  -  an  instance  of  what  we  might  call  scale-biased  technological  change  (ScBTC).  I  document  that  the  largest  firms  have  invested  more  intensively  in  IT  than  smaller  firms  have,  particularly  in  the  most  advanced  and  proprietary  kinds  of  IT.  I  also  document  that  larger  firms  are  generally  more  capital  intensive  than  smaller  firms,  and  operate  at  higher  returns  to  scale,  but  that  large  firms  invest  an  even  greater  share  of  their  capital  expenditures  on  IT  than  small  firms  do.  I  discuss  how  production  function  estimates  and  a  model  of  firm  heterogeneity  and  fixed  costs  might  be  used  to  show  how  the  decline  in  the  price  of  IT  ultimately  led  to  the  rise  of  US  industrial  concentration,  and  how  this  can  be  distinguished  from  competing  causal  theories  about  a  fall  in  competition  or  a  rise  in  competition.  Simple  calibration  exercises  can  quantitatively  generate  large  increases  in  concentration  from  declines  in  the  price  of  IT.Chapter  2,  joint  work  with  Jan  De  Loecker  and  Jan  Eeckhout,  looks  at  the  relationship  between  rising  industrial  concentration,  and  rising  aggregate  markups.  We  document  the  evolution  of  markups  based  on  firm-level  data  for  the  US  economy  since  1955.  Initially,  markups  are  stable,  even  slightly  decreasing.  In  1980,  average  markups  start  to  rise  from  21\\%  above  marginal  cost  to  61\\%  now.  The  increase  is  driven  mainly  by  the  upper  tail  of  the  markup  distribution:  the  upper  percentiles  have  increased  sharply,  while  the  median  is  unchanged.  In  addition  to  fattening  upper  tail  of  the  unweighted  markup  distribution,  there  is  reallocation  of  market  share  from  low  to  high  markup  firms.  This  rise  occurs  mostly  within  industry  for  all  industries.  We  also  find  an  increase  in  profits.  While  there  is  some  increase  in  overhead  costs,  the  markup  increase  is  in  excess  of  overhead.  We  then  discuss  the  macroeconomic  implications  of  an  increase  in  average  market  power,  which  can  account  for  a  number  of  secular  trends  in  the  last  four  decades,  most  notably  the  declining  labor  and  capital  shares  as  well  as  the  decrease  in  labor  market  dynamism.Chapter  3  presents  a  broad  research  agenda  going  forward  for  understanding  the  macroeconomics  of  structural  transformation,  and  specifically  outlines  some  speculative  theories  about  our  basic  theories  about  economic  growth,  and  the  business  cycle.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■653    ▼aUS  economy
■653    ▼aAdministrative  microdata
■653    ▼aCalibration  exercises
■653    ▼aMacroeconomics
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932432▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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