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Chemistry and Physics of Graphite in Fluoride Salt Reactors- [electronic resource]
Chemistry and Physics of Graphite in Fluoride Salt Reactors - [electronic resource]
Chemistry and Physics of Graphite in Fluoride Salt Reactors- [electronic resource]

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101657
ISBN  
9798380369329
DDC  
539.76
저자명  
Vergari, Lorenzo.
서명/저자  
Chemistry and Physics of Graphite in Fluoride Salt Reactors - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(295 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Scarlat, Raluca O.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Graphite is a ubiquitous material in nuclear engineering. Within Generation IV designs, graphite serves as a reflector or fuel element material in Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHRs), Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs), and High-Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGRs). Graphite versatility in nuclear systems stems from its unique combination of mechanical, thermal, chemical, and neutronic properties. These properties are influenced by operational parameters like temperature, radiation, and chemical environment. In FHRs and MSRs, graphite can interact with the salt through multiple mechanisms, including salt-infiltration in graphite pores, chemical reactions with salt constituents, and tribo-chemical wear. The goal of this Ph.D. dissertation is to investigate mechanisms of interaction of fluoride salts with graphite in FHRs and assess their impact on salt reactor engineering.Chemical interactions between the salt and graphite are studied by exposing a graphite sample to 2LiF-BeF2 (FLiBe) salt and to the cover gas above the salt at 700°C for 240 hours. Chemical and microstructural characterization of the samples highlights formation of two types of C-F bonds upon exposure, with different degrees and mechanisms of fluorination upon salt and gas exposure.Infiltration of salt in graphite pores is examined by reviewing literature on infiltration and its effect and by studying salt wetting on graphite. Contact angles for salt on graphite are measured under variable conditions of graphite surface finish and salt chemistry, and used to predict salt infiltration.Wear and friction of graphite-graphite contacts at conditions relevant to pebble-bed FHR operation is studied through tribology experiments in argon and in FLiBe. Characterization via SEM/EDS, polarized light microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy is employed to seek a mechanistic understanding. Different mechanisms of lubrication are observed in the tests: in argon, graphite is observed to self-lubricate by forming a tribo-film that remains stable at high temperature in argon; in FLiBe, boundary lubrication is observed and postulated to be associated with C-F bond formation at graphite crystallite edges.The interactions between graphite and tritium are studied. Tritium production rates in FHRs are quantified to be three orders of magnitude larger compared to light water reactors. A literature review is performed to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydrogen-graphite interaction; the findings are employed to develop an improved model for hydrogen uptake and transport in graphite, which is used to extract tritium transport parameters from experimental studies.The experiments conducted in this dissertation indicate that the presence of the salt impacts graphite engineering performance in the reactor and after discharge in multiple ways, from providing increased lubrication to impacting graphite surface chemistry. As a further development, exploration of other areas where the salt could have an effect, including evolution of oxidation and graphite reactive sites upon neutron irradiation, in the presence of salt-exposure, is recommended.
일반주제명  
Nuclear engineering.
일반주제명  
Materials science.
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry.
키워드  
Fluorination
키워드  
Graphite
키워드  
Tribology
키워드  
Tritium
키워드  
Molten Salt Reactors
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Nuclear Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■001000016934821
■00520240214101657
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798380369329
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30635171
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a539.76
■1001  ▼aVergari,  Lorenzo.
■24510▼aChemistry  and  Physics  of  Graphite  in  Fluoride  Salt  Reactors▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(295  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Scarlat,  Raluca  O.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aGraphite  is  a  ubiquitous  material  in  nuclear  engineering.  Within  Generation  IV  designs,  graphite  serves  as  a  reflector  or  fuel  element  material  in  Fluoride-Salt-Cooled  High-Temperature  Reactors  (FHRs),  Molten  Salt  Reactors  (MSRs),  and  High-Temperature  Gas  Reactors  (HTGRs).  Graphite  versatility  in  nuclear  systems  stems  from  its  unique  combination  of  mechanical,  thermal,  chemical,  and  neutronic  properties.  These  properties  are  influenced  by  operational  parameters  like  temperature,  radiation,  and  chemical  environment.  In  FHRs  and  MSRs,  graphite  can  interact  with  the  salt  through  multiple  mechanisms,  including  salt-infiltration  in  graphite  pores,  chemical  reactions  with  salt  constituents,  and  tribo-chemical  wear.  The  goal  of  this  Ph.D.  dissertation  is  to  investigate  mechanisms  of  interaction  of  fluoride  salts  with  graphite  in  FHRs  and  assess  their  impact  on  salt  reactor  engineering.Chemical  interactions  between  the  salt  and  graphite  are  studied  by  exposing  a  graphite  sample  to  2LiF-BeF2  (FLiBe)  salt  and  to  the  cover  gas  above  the  salt  at  700°C  for  240  hours.  Chemical  and  microstructural  characterization  of  the  samples  highlights  formation  of  two  types  of  C-F  bonds  upon  exposure,  with  different  degrees  and  mechanisms  of  fluorination  upon  salt  and  gas  exposure.Infiltration  of  salt  in  graphite  pores  is  examined  by  reviewing  literature  on  infiltration  and  its  effect  and  by  studying  salt  wetting  on  graphite.  Contact  angles  for  salt  on  graphite  are  measured  under  variable  conditions  of  graphite  surface  finish  and  salt  chemistry,  and  used  to  predict  salt  infiltration.Wear  and  friction  of  graphite-graphite  contacts  at  conditions  relevant  to  pebble-bed  FHR  operation  is  studied  through  tribology  experiments  in  argon  and  in  FLiBe.  Characterization  via  SEM/EDS,  polarized  light  microscopy,  and  Raman  spectroscopy  is  employed  to  seek  a  mechanistic  understanding.  Different  mechanisms  of  lubrication  are  observed  in  the  tests:  in  argon,  graphite  is  observed  to  self-lubricate  by  forming  a  tribo-film  that  remains  stable  at  high  temperature  in  argon;  in  FLiBe,  boundary  lubrication  is  observed  and  postulated  to  be  associated  with  C-F  bond  formation  at  graphite  crystallite  edges.The  interactions  between  graphite  and  tritium  are  studied.  Tritium  production  rates  in  FHRs  are  quantified  to  be  three  orders  of  magnitude  larger  compared  to  light  water  reactors.  A  literature  review  is  performed  to  investigate  the  thermodynamics  and  kinetics  of  the  hydrogen-graphite  interaction;  the  findings  are  employed  to  develop  an  improved  model  for  hydrogen  uptake  and  transport  in  graphite,  which  is  used  to  extract  tritium  transport  parameters  from  experimental  studies.The  experiments  conducted  in  this  dissertation  indicate  that  the  presence  of  the  salt  impacts  graphite  engineering  performance  in  the  reactor  and  after  discharge  in  multiple  ways,  from  providing  increased  lubrication  to  impacting  graphite  surface  chemistry.  As  a  further  development,  exploration  of  other  areas  where  the  salt  could  have  an  effect,  including  evolution  of  oxidation  and  graphite  reactive  sites  upon  neutron  irradiation,  in  the  presence  of  salt-exposure,  is  recommended.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aNuclear  engineering.
■650  4▼aMaterials  science.
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry.
■653    ▼aFluorination
■653    ▼aGraphite
■653    ▼aTribology
■653    ▼aTritium
■653    ▼aMolten  Salt  Reactors
■690    ▼a0552
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0494
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bNuclear  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16934821▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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