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Quantification of Fish Locomotor Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution- [electronic resource]
Quantification of Fish Locomotor Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution - [electroni...
Quantification of Fish Locomotor Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101706
ISBN  
9798380850209
DDC  
574
저자명  
Matthews, David G.
서명/저자  
Quantification of Fish Locomotor Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(109 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Lauder, George.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Adaptive evolution is often understood as a connection from genotype to phenotype to performance to fitness. While each of these elements represent valuable fields of study when considered individually, it is only by combining all of them that we can connect genotype to fitness, and therefore mechanistically connect evolution to natural selection. This integrative approach has led to many insights into the dynamics of evolution, but so far has only been applied to functionally simple systems. One major reason for this is that there has historically been a disconnect between the traits whose genetic basis has been elucidated and those that are involved in complex functions. I posit that this disconnect exists in part because functionally relevant traits tend to be genetically quantitative, and therefore measuring the functional relevance of individual genes or developmental pathways requires high precision measurements. Since most functional studies are conducted on live animals with small sample sizes, it is often difficult to obtain such high precision measures of organismal performance. However, with recent advances in robotics and statistical analysis this barrier is quickly falling.In this dissertation I use studies of fish locomotion to show how modern advances in functional biology can facilitate the study of adaptive evolution. In the introduction I explore the current state of research linking genotype to phenotype to performance to fitness and assert that new methodology is needed in order to facilitate such studies in functionally complex systems. In particular, I argue that biological robotics, structural equation modeling, and simultaneous multi-modal data collection methods carry the most promise. I then give examples of how each of these methods can be applied to make functionally complex traits evolutionarily tractable. In chapter 1 I give a more comprehensive example of how biological robotics can be used to quantify fine-scale performance variation. I combine a simple flapping robotic system with multivariate modeling to isolate the effects of fin position and relative fin motion on several locomotor performance metrics in a biomimetic model. I find that both the position and timing of the dorsal fin relative to the caudal fin impact swimming performance, with as much as a 35% increase in swimming speed possible if the two fins are optimally aligned. In chapter 2 I extend this approach to show how computational fluid dynamics can be combined with biological robotics to further elucidate performance variation. Here I use tuna inspired models to examine the role of the caudal peduncle, the structure connecting a fish's body to its tail fin, to ask whether actively controlled traits could be used to alter swimming performance. I find that although it is possible to change the timing of the tail relative to the body, there is a tradeoff between thrust production and power consumption as you increase the phase lag of the tail. When I examine the effect of varied stiffness around this optimal tradeoff point, I find that there was no one set of parameters that outperformed other configurations. This highlights the necessity of active control to tailor the exact motion of the tail to the behavior at hand. Finally, in chapter 3 I use structural equation modeling to measure the effect of a fibrosis immune response on the escape swimming performance of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). By measuring fibrosis levels, body stiffness, body kinematics, and escape performance I am able to build a hierarchical structural model in which each of these metrics is accounted for. I can then estimate the total effect of fibrosis on escape performance by taking the product of successive correlations in the path model. Through this method I find that in addition to reducing parasite load, fibrosis is associated with increased swimming performance during the linear acceleration phase of an escape. I also compare this result to those obtained with classical multivariate statistics to demonstrate that these results could not be obtained without the use of structural equation modeling. Together, these chapters demonstrate how modern methods can be used to increase the resolution of performance measurements, allowing us to better characterize functional variation as it relates to evolutionary outcomes.
일반주제명  
Biology.
일반주제명  
Aquatic sciences.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry.
키워드  
Gasterosteus aculeatus
키워드  
Fish locomotion
키워드  
Evolution
키워드  
Locomotor performance
기타저자  
Harvard University Biology Organismic and Evolutionary
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-05B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMatthews,  David  G.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5926-4348
■24510▼aQuantification  of  Fish  Locomotor  Performance  to  Understand  Adaptive  Evolution▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(109  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lauder,  George.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aAdaptive  evolution  is  often  understood  as  a  connection  from  genotype  to  phenotype  to  performance  to  fitness.  While  each  of  these  elements  represent  valuable  fields  of  study  when  considered  individually,  it  is  only  by  combining  all  of  them  that  we  can  connect  genotype  to  fitness,  and  therefore  mechanistically  connect  evolution  to  natural  selection.  This  integrative  approach  has  led  to  many  insights  into  the  dynamics  of  evolution,  but  so  far  has  only  been  applied  to  functionally  simple  systems.  One  major  reason  for  this  is  that  there  has  historically  been  a  disconnect  between  the  traits  whose  genetic  basis  has  been  elucidated  and  those  that  are  involved  in  complex  functions.  I  posit  that  this  disconnect  exists  in  part  because  functionally  relevant  traits  tend  to  be  genetically  quantitative,  and  therefore  measuring  the  functional  relevance  of  individual  genes  or  developmental  pathways  requires  high  precision  measurements.  Since  most  functional  studies  are  conducted  on  live  animals  with  small  sample  sizes,  it  is  often  difficult  to  obtain  such  high  precision  measures  of  organismal  performance.  However,  with  recent  advances  in  robotics  and  statistical  analysis  this  barrier  is  quickly  falling.In  this  dissertation  I  use  studies  of  fish  locomotion  to  show  how  modern  advances  in  functional  biology  can  facilitate  the  study  of  adaptive  evolution.  In  the  introduction  I  explore  the  current  state  of  research  linking  genotype  to  phenotype  to  performance  to  fitness  and  assert  that  new  methodology  is  needed  in  order  to  facilitate  such  studies  in  functionally  complex  systems.  In  particular,  I  argue  that  biological  robotics,  structural  equation  modeling,  and  simultaneous multi-modal  data  collection  methods  carry  the  most  promise.  I  then  give  examples  of  how  each  of  these  methods  can  be  applied  to  make  functionally  complex  traits  evolutionarily  tractable.  In  chapter  1  I  give  a  more  comprehensive  example  of  how  biological  robotics  can  be  used  to  quantify  fine-scale  performance  variation.  I  combine  a  simple  flapping  robotic  system  with  multivariate  modeling  to  isolate  the  effects  of  fin  position  and  relative  fin  motion  on  several  locomotor  performance  metrics  in  a  biomimetic  model.  I  find  that  both  the  position  and  timing  of  the  dorsal  fin  relative  to  the  caudal  fin  impact  swimming  performance,  with  as  much  as  a  35%  increase  in  swimming  speed  possible  if  the  two  fins  are  optimally  aligned.  In  chapter  2  I  extend  this  approach  to  show  how  computational  fluid  dynamics  can  be  combined  with  biological  robotics  to  further  elucidate  performance  variation.  Here  I  use  tuna  inspired  models  to  examine  the  role  of  the  caudal  peduncle,  the  structure  connecting  a  fish's  body  to  its  tail  fin,  to  ask  whether  actively  controlled  traits  could  be  used  to  alter  swimming  performance.  I  find  that  although  it  is  possible  to  change  the  timing  of  the  tail  relative  to  the  body,  there  is  a  tradeoff  between  thrust  production  and  power  consumption  as  you  increase  the  phase  lag  of  the  tail.  When  I  examine  the  effect  of  varied  stiffness  around  this  optimal  tradeoff  point,  I  find  that  there  was  no  one  set  of  parameters  that  outperformed  other  configurations.  This  highlights  the  necessity  of  active  control  to  tailor  the  exact  motion  of  the  tail  to  the  behavior  at  hand.  Finally,  in  chapter  3  I  use  structural  equation  modeling  to  measure  the  effect  of  a  fibrosis  immune  response  on  the  escape  swimming  performance  of  threespine  stickleback  (Gasterosteus  aculeatus).  By  measuring  fibrosis  levels,  body  stiffness,  body  kinematics,  and  escape  performance  I  am  able  to  build  a  hierarchical  structural  model  in  which  each  of  these  metrics  is  accounted  for.  I  can  then  estimate  the  total  effect  of  fibrosis  on  escape  performance  by  taking  the  product  of  successive  correlations  in  the  path  model.  Through  this  method  I  find  that  in  addition  to  reducing  parasite load,  fibrosis  is  associated  with  increased  swimming  performance  during  the  linear  acceleration  phase  of  an  escape.  I  also  compare  this  result  to  those  obtained  with  classical  multivariate  statistics  to  demonstrate  that  these  results  could  not  be  obtained  without  the  use  of  structural  equation  modeling.  Together,  these  chapters  demonstrate  how  modern  methods  can  be  used  to  increase  the  resolution  of  performance  measurements,  allowing  us  to  better  characterize  functional  variation  as  it  relates  to  evolutionary  outcomes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aBiology.
■650  4▼aAquatic  sciences.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry.
■653    ▼aGasterosteus  aculeatus
■653    ▼aFish  locomotion
■653    ▼aEvolution
■653    ▼aLocomotor  performance
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0792
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiology,  Organismic  and  Evolutionary.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-05B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16934869▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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