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Access to Birth-to-5 Child and Family Policies and Their Impact Beyond the Average- [electronic resource]
Access to Birth-to-5 Child and Family Policies and Their Impact Beyond the Average - [elec...
Access to Birth-to-5 Child and Family Policies and Their Impact Beyond the Average- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101601
ISBN  
9798380145091
DDC  
640
저자명  
Viragh, Timea Henriett.
서명/저자  
Access to Birth-to-5 Child and Family Policies and Their Impact Beyond the Average - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Northwestern University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(149 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Malamud, Ofer;Sabol, Terri.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Policies supporting families with young children provide an important context for human development. The two primary public policies available to caregivers around and after childbirth are parental leave and early care and education (ECE). A substantial body of research evaluates the effects of parental leave and ECE policies on various outcomes, but most existing studies focus on average treatment effects in the population. We know much less about how policy effects vary by family demographics or by child care program characteristics. The three studies in this dissertation aim to increase our understanding about the circumstances under which child and family policies are more or less effective in supporting families with young children.Study 1 documents maternal wage dynamics around childbirth and their heterogeneity by education using German administrative data. Women with low education experience a smaller drop and a faster recovery of their wages than women with higher levels of education. These differences are largely explained by the fact that women with low education have their first child at a younger age. To investigate whether public policies can influence these wage dynamics, I exploit a paid family leave policy change in 2007 to set up a differences-in-regression-discontinuities design. The policy change shortened the duration of monthly benefit receipt, increased the amount of monthly transfers, and encouraged secondary caregivers to spend at least two months on leave. I find suggestive evidence that the policy did not have an effect on wage loss after childbirth for women with high education. Women with low education earn a larger share of their pre-birth wage in the second year after childbirth under the new policy regime. This is most likely because they return to work faster. My results suggest that the policy change only influenced labor market behavior of mothers with economic constraints.Study 2 provides novel insights into ECE access by using a new indicator: distance traveled for child care. It documents trends in how far families travel to access care in the United States by neighborhood income using geographic mobility data for 2019 for n = 106,916 child care programs. The findings indicate that distance traveled follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Families who live in the lowest and highest income neighborhoods tend to travel less for child care than families in the middle of the income distribution. In a case study examining the state of Illinois, the pattern is consistent with the physical availability of child care. Findings are discussed in terms of how distance traveled as an indicator can help define the child care market and its implications for early childhood policy.Study 3 focuses on the effect of ECE on parental outcomes. In this paper, coauthored with Professor Terri Sabol, we use family stress theory to argue that the financial and logistical burden of paying for and managing child care arrangements can act as repeated stressors in families' lives, and may negatively influence parental mental well-being. We examine whether the provision of free and high-quality early care alleviates these stressors and leads to better parental health and well-being. We use data from the Head Start Impact Study, a nationally representative randomized controlled trial from the early 2000s, to answer the research question. Next to documenting the average effect of offering Head Start on parental well-being, we also explore heterogeneity in these effects by program characteristics, including family-centered services and supports in a program.The three studies in this dissertation inform our understanding of how birth-to-5 child and family policies influence lives of families with young children within two different national contexts, Germany (with high public funding) and the United States (with lower public funding). Moving beyond documenting average effects, they showcase how policy impacts vary by family demographics and child care center characteristics. These insights contribute to policy design and could help researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to work together to build policies that better support families with young children.
일반주제명  
Early childhood education.
일반주제명  
Home economics.
일반주제명  
Mental health.
키워드  
Early education
키워드  
Child penalty
키워드  
Head start
키워드  
Parental leave
키워드  
Parental mental health
키워드  
Family policies
키워드  
Policy change
기타저자  
Northwestern University Human Development and Social Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-02B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aViragh,  Timea  Henriett.
■24510▼aAccess  to  Birth-to-5  Child  and  Family  Policies  and  Their  Impact  Beyond  the  Average▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bNorthwestern  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(149  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Malamud,  Ofer;Sabol,  Terri.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aPolicies  supporting  families  with  young  children  provide  an  important  context  for  human  development.  The  two  primary  public  policies  available  to  caregivers  around  and  after  childbirth  are  parental  leave  and  early  care  and  education  (ECE).  A  substantial  body  of  research  evaluates  the  effects  of  parental  leave  and  ECE  policies  on  various  outcomes,  but  most  existing  studies  focus  on  average  treatment  effects  in  the  population.  We  know  much  less  about  how  policy  effects  vary  by  family  demographics  or  by  child  care  program  characteristics.  The  three  studies  in  this  dissertation  aim  to  increase  our  understanding  about  the  circumstances  under  which  child  and  family  policies  are  more  or  less  effective  in  supporting  families  with  young  children.Study  1  documents  maternal  wage  dynamics  around  childbirth  and  their  heterogeneity  by  education  using  German  administrative  data.  Women  with  low  education  experience  a  smaller  drop  and  a  faster  recovery  of  their  wages  than  women  with  higher  levels  of  education.  These  differences  are  largely  explained  by  the  fact  that  women  with  low  education  have  their  first  child  at  a  younger  age.  To  investigate  whether  public  policies  can  influence  these  wage  dynamics,  I  exploit  a  paid  family  leave  policy  change  in  2007  to  set  up  a  differences-in-regression-discontinuities  design.  The  policy  change  shortened  the  duration  of  monthly  benefit  receipt,  increased  the  amount  of  monthly  transfers,  and  encouraged  secondary  caregivers  to  spend  at  least  two  months  on  leave.  I  find  suggestive  evidence  that  the  policy  did  not  have  an  effect  on  wage  loss  after  childbirth  for  women  with  high  education.  Women  with  low  education  earn  a  larger  share  of  their  pre-birth  wage  in  the  second  year  after  childbirth  under  the  new  policy  regime.  This  is  most  likely  because  they  return  to  work  faster.  My  results  suggest  that  the  policy  change  only  influenced  labor  market  behavior  of  mothers  with  economic  constraints.Study  2  provides  novel  insights  into  ECE  access  by  using  a  new  indicator:  distance  traveled  for  child  care.  It  documents  trends  in  how  far  families  travel  to  access  care  in  the  United  States  by  neighborhood  income  using  geographic  mobility  data  for  2019  for  n  =  106,916  child  care  programs.  The  findings  indicate  that  distance  traveled  follows  an  inverted  U-shaped  pattern.  Families  who  live  in  the  lowest  and  highest  income  neighborhoods  tend  to  travel  less  for  child  care  than  families  in  the  middle  of  the  income  distribution.  In  a  case  study  examining  the  state  of  Illinois,  the  pattern  is  consistent  with  the  physical  availability  of  child  care.  Findings  are  discussed  in  terms  of  how  distance  traveled  as  an  indicator  can  help  define  the  child  care  market  and  its  implications  for  early  childhood  policy.Study  3  focuses  on  the  effect  of  ECE  on  parental  outcomes.  In  this  paper,  coauthored  with  Professor  Terri  Sabol,  we  use  family  stress  theory  to  argue  that  the  financial  and  logistical  burden  of  paying  for  and  managing  child  care  arrangements  can  act  as  repeated  stressors  in  families'  lives,  and  may  negatively  influence  parental  mental  well-being.  We  examine  whether  the  provision  of  free  and  high-quality  early  care  alleviates  these  stressors  and  leads  to  better  parental  health  and  well-being.  We  use  data  from  the  Head  Start  Impact  Study,  a  nationally  representative  randomized  controlled  trial  from  the  early  2000s,  to  answer  the  research  question.  Next  to  documenting  the  average  effect  of  offering  Head  Start  on  parental  well-being,  we  also  explore  heterogeneity  in  these  effects  by  program  characteristics,  including  family-centered  services  and  supports  in  a  program.The  three  studies  in  this  dissertation  inform  our  understanding  of  how  birth-to-5  child  and  family  policies  influence  lives  of  families  with  young  children  within  two  different  national  contexts,  Germany  (with  high  public  funding)  and  the  United  States  (with  lower  public  funding).  Moving  beyond  documenting  average  effects,  they  showcase  how  policy  impacts  vary  by  family  demographics  and  child  care  center  characteristics.  These  insights  contribute  to  policy  design  and could  help  researchers,  practitioners,  and  policy  makers  to  work  together  to  build  policies  that  better  support  families  with  young  children.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aEarly  childhood  education.
■650  4▼aHome  economics.
■650  4▼aMental  health.
■653    ▼aEarly  education
■653    ▼aChild  penalty
■653    ▼aHead  start
■653    ▼aParental  leave
■653    ▼aParental  mental  health
■653    ▼aFamily  policies
■653    ▼aPolicy  change
■690    ▼a0518
■690    ▼a0347
■690    ▼a0386
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bHuman  Development  and  Social  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-02B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16934363▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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