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The Effects of Landscape, Movement, and Spillover on Avian Occupancy in the Sierra Nevada Foothills of California- [electronic resource]
The Effects of Landscape, Movement, and Spillover on Avian Occupancy in the Sierra Nevada ...
The Effects of Landscape, Movement, and Spillover on Avian Occupancy in the Sierra Nevada Foothills of California- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214095902
ISBN  
9798380621311
DDC  
574.5
저자명  
Peterson, Sean M.
서명/저자  
The Effects of Landscape, Movement, and Spillover on Avian Occupancy in the Sierra Nevada Foothills of California - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(158 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Beissinger, Steven R.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약One of the most fundamental questions facing ecologists is: why do animals live where they do? Patch occupancy depends on a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors, any of which may encourage or discourage the presence of a species. Understanding the relationship between occupancy and environmental characteristics is integral to managing and conserving species in a dynamic environment. This dissertation studies avian occupancy in widely dispersed emergent wetlands in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California and relates occupancy to the characteristics of wetland patches, behaviors of the birds using those wetlands, and landscape composition.The first chapter of this dissertation focuses on violations of the assumption of closure in occupancy models for two secretive marsh birds, Black Rails (Laterallus jamaicensis) and Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola). For occupancy models, a key assumption is that there is no immigration and emigration between survey periods. Violating this assumption could overestimate occupancy and lead to an improper understanding of the characteristics that influence site occupancy. I found that there were significant closure violations for both Black and Virginia Rails, although the characteristics of those violations differed. Black Rails were more likely to colonize wetlands between surveys, and the wetlands colonized were those that were occupied in the previous year. Virginia Rails were more sensitive to environmental changes and would abandon drying wetlands more readily than Black Rails.The second chapter of this dissertation uses a multispecies occupancy model to understand the importance of spillover effects on occupancy across the entire avian assemblage using wetlands in the Sierra Nevada Foothills. The presence of animals in a patch of habitat is dependent not only on the characteristics of that patch, but also the landscape surrounding it. I investigated whether there was a spillover effect from matrix habitats such as grassland and forest on wetland bird species or the reverse, a spillover effect from the wetlands on species inhabiting the matrix habitat surrounding each wetland. I observed spillover effects in both directions, with matrix species assemblages depending on wetland water source and wetland species assemblages depending on the landscape composition around the wetland.The final chapter of this dissertation uses aerial remote sensing to assess Black and Virginia Rail habitat, compares the predictive power of remote sensing to ground-truthed data, and assess the ability of occupancy models to predict rail occupancy at novel sites using only aerial imagery. For this chapter, I differentiated occupied habitat from unoccupied habitat using known locations and occupancy status at wetlands. I classified sites using a maximum likelihood classifier and high resolution imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program. I found that raw spectral reflectance accurately predicted wetland occupancy for both Black and Virginia Rails, although the effectiveness of characterizing a wetland varied between years. For Black Rails, spectral reflectance was most similar to the wetland structure, whereas for Virginia rails, spectral reflectance was most similar to wetland wetness. However, in both cases, spectral reflectance was informative when included alongside ground-collected data.Although the data collected in this dissertation are focused on a very specific habitat type and location, my results clearly demonstrate the importance of biological context on understanding animal occupancy. My results are broadly applicable in other study systems and help inform conservation strategies for multiple species. By understanding landscape composition, the drivers of animal movement, and the biotic and abiotic factors correlated with occupancy, I can better predict changes in animal populations in an increasingly changing environment.
일반주제명  
Ecology.
일반주제명  
Wildlife conservation.
일반주제명  
Conservation biology.
일반주제명  
Zoology.
키워드  
Black Rails
키워드  
Closure assumption
키워드  
Occupancy models
키워드  
Remote sensing
키워드  
Spillover
키워드  
Virginia Rails
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Environmental Science Policy & Management
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520240214095902
■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798380621311
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI28865085
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574.5
■1001  ▼aPeterson,  Sean  M.
■24510▼aThe  Effects  of  Landscape,  Movement,  and  Spillover  on  Avian  Occupancy  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  Foothills  of  California▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(158  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Beissinger,  Steven  R.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aOne  of  the  most  fundamental  questions  facing  ecologists  is:  why  do  animals  live  where  they  do?  Patch  occupancy  depends  on  a  myriad  of  biotic  and  abiotic  factors,  any  of  which  may  encourage  or  discourage  the  presence  of  a  species.  Understanding  the  relationship  between  occupancy  and  environmental  characteristics  is  integral  to  managing  and  conserving  species  in  a  dynamic  environment.  This  dissertation  studies  avian  occupancy  in  widely  dispersed  emergent  wetlands  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  foothills  of  California  and  relates  occupancy  to  the  characteristics  of  wetland  patches,  behaviors  of  the  birds  using  those  wetlands,  and  landscape  composition.The  first  chapter  of  this  dissertation  focuses  on  violations  of  the  assumption  of  closure  in  occupancy  models  for  two  secretive  marsh  birds,  Black  Rails  (Laterallus  jamaicensis)  and  Virginia  Rails  (Rallus  limicola).  For  occupancy  models,  a  key  assumption  is  that  there  is  no  immigration  and  emigration  between  survey  periods.  Violating  this  assumption  could  overestimate  occupancy  and  lead  to  an  improper  understanding  of  the  characteristics  that  influence  site  occupancy.  I  found  that  there  were  significant  closure  violations  for  both  Black  and  Virginia  Rails,  although  the  characteristics  of  those  violations  differed.  Black  Rails  were  more  likely  to  colonize  wetlands  between  surveys,  and  the  wetlands  colonized  were  those  that  were  occupied  in  the  previous  year.  Virginia  Rails  were  more  sensitive  to  environmental  changes  and  would  abandon  drying  wetlands  more  readily  than  Black  Rails.The  second  chapter  of  this  dissertation  uses  a  multispecies  occupancy  model  to  understand  the  importance  of  spillover  effects  on  occupancy  across  the  entire  avian  assemblage  using  wetlands  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  Foothills.  The  presence  of  animals  in  a  patch  of  habitat  is  dependent  not  only  on  the  characteristics  of  that  patch,  but  also  the  landscape  surrounding  it.  I  investigated  whether  there  was  a  spillover  effect  from  matrix  habitats  such  as  grassland  and  forest  on  wetland  bird  species  or  the  reverse,  a  spillover  effect  from  the  wetlands  on  species  inhabiting  the  matrix  habitat  surrounding  each  wetland.  I  observed  spillover  effects  in  both  directions,  with  matrix  species  assemblages  depending  on  wetland  water  source  and  wetland  species  assemblages  depending  on  the  landscape  composition  around  the  wetland.The  final  chapter  of  this  dissertation  uses  aerial  remote  sensing  to  assess  Black  and  Virginia  Rail  habitat,  compares  the  predictive  power  of  remote  sensing  to  ground-truthed  data,  and  assess  the  ability  of  occupancy  models  to  predict  rail  occupancy  at  novel  sites  using  only  aerial  imagery.  For  this  chapter,  I  differentiated  occupied  habitat  from  unoccupied  habitat  using  known  locations  and  occupancy  status  at  wetlands.  I  classified  sites  using  a  maximum  likelihood  classifier  and  high  resolution  imagery  from  the  National  Agriculture  Imagery  Program.  I  found  that  raw  spectral  reflectance  accurately  predicted  wetland  occupancy  for  both  Black  and  Virginia  Rails,  although  the  effectiveness  of  characterizing  a  wetland  varied  between  years.  For  Black  Rails,  spectral  reflectance  was  most  similar  to  the  wetland  structure,  whereas  for  Virginia  rails,  spectral  reflectance  was  most  similar  to  wetland  wetness.  However,  in  both  cases,  spectral  reflectance  was  informative  when  included  alongside  ground-collected  data.Although  the  data  collected  in  this  dissertation  are  focused  on  a  very  specific  habitat  type  and  location,  my  results  clearly  demonstrate  the  importance  of  biological  context  on  understanding  animal  occupancy.  My  results  are  broadly  applicable  in  other  study  systems  and  help  inform  conservation  strategies  for  multiple  species.  By  understanding  landscape  composition,  the  drivers  of  animal  movement,  and  the  biotic  and  abiotic  factors  correlated  with  occupancy,  I  can  better  predict  changes  in  animal  populations  in  an  increasingly  changing  environment.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aEcology.
■650  4▼aWildlife  conservation.
■650  4▼aConservation  biology.
■650  4▼aZoology.
■653    ▼aBlack  Rails
■653    ▼aClosure  assumption
■653    ▼aOccupancy  models
■653    ▼aRemote  sensing
■653    ▼aSpillover
■653    ▼aVirginia  Rails
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0284
■690    ▼a0408
■690    ▼a0472
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bEnvironmental  Science,  Policy,  &  Management.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-04B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931058▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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