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Essays on Labor Economics- [electronic resource]
Essays on Labor Economics - [electronic resource]
Essays on Labor Economics- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100125
ISBN  
9798379711900
DDC  
297
저자명  
Hu, Zihan.
서명/저자  
Essays on Labor Economics - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Cornell University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(188 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kanbur, Ravi.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of three essays in the areas of labor economics. The first essay investigates how competition shapes peer effects. Competition is widely used to motivate efforts and increase performance. However, in many domains, performance is aided by cooperation between agents in addition to their own efforts. In this case, competition may impose costs on cooperation since the chance of winning is decreasing in the success of peers. Education is a natural setting where peer interactions and help from others enhance individual performance. This paper uses administrative data from a university in China to examine how competition changes peer effects and peer interactions. Exploiting randomly assigned roommates, we find that high-ability students have detrimental effects on their high-ability roommates' academic performance. More importantly, this negative peer effect increases significantly along multiple competition intensity dimensions within a dorm room. The follow-up survey we conduct reveals that this is likely driven by competition discouraging help and interactions among roommates.In the second essay, my co-authors and I study how religious practices affect worker performance. More than six billion people practice certain religions. How religious practices affect worker performance is theoretically ambiguous. On the one hand, religious practices require time that is then unavailable for production. Moreover, certain practices, such as fasting, may also directly impact worker productivity. On the other hand, religion may foster a better work ethic and workers may find ways to attenuate the potential economic costs. Our paper examines the effects of religious practices on labor supply and productivity and how workers respond to a change of external constraints in the context of observing Ramadan fasting. We obtain high-frequency administrative data from a large retail chain in Indonesia and utilize an event-study approach to compare the performance of Muslim salespersons and their non-Muslim colleagues during Ramadan. We find that Muslim salespersons leave work 22 minutes earlier, and their productivity (after controlling for demand side changes) decreases by 21% around sunset, compared to their non-Muslim counterparts. Meanwhile, they exert more effort earlier in the day to compensate for decreased productivity later in the day or shorter working hours. Due to their reallocation of efforts, there is no significant change in the aggregate daily sales of Muslim salespersons during Ramadan. Lastly, we find that such effort reallocation is more salient among workers with more Ramadan experience in the workplace, suggesting this optimization is learned over time.The third essay reexamines the impacts of China's One-Child Policy (OCP) on aggregate fertility. We compare fertility in two provinces with the OCP, Guangdong and Fujian, with demographically similar bordering regions without the OCP, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Using micro-census data, these paired case comparisons show that the OCP did not decrease aggregate fertility, measured as birth likelihood and average number of siblings. Using data from cities in two other provinces, we also show the OCP was likely not binding on fertility levels because relaxing the OCP did not increase fertility rates in pilot cities compared to neighboring cities that did not relax the policy. Our findings emphasize the need to understand the limits of policy to affect national-level fertility rates.
일반주제명  
Islamic studies.
일반주제명  
Religion.
키워드  
Ramadan fasting
키워드  
Muslim salespersons
키워드  
OCP
키워드  
Peer interactions
키워드  
Religious practices
기타저자  
Cornell University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aHu,  Zihan.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-4447-9933
■24510▼aEssays  on  Labor  Economics▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bCornell  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(188  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kanbur,  Ravi.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  added  to  any  third  party  search  indexes.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  essays  in  the  areas  of  labor  economics.  The  first  essay  investigates  how  competition  shapes  peer  effects.  Competition  is  widely  used  to  motivate  efforts  and  increase  performance.  However,  in  many  domains,  performance  is  aided  by  cooperation  between  agents  in  addition  to  their  own  efforts.  In  this  case,  competition  may  impose  costs  on  cooperation  since  the  chance  of  winning  is  decreasing  in  the  success  of  peers.  Education  is  a  natural  setting  where  peer  interactions  and  help  from  others  enhance  individual  performance.  This  paper  uses  administrative  data  from  a  university  in  China  to  examine  how  competition  changes  peer  effects  and  peer  interactions.  Exploiting  randomly  assigned  roommates,  we  find  that  high-ability  students  have  detrimental  effects  on  their  high-ability  roommates'  academic  performance.  More  importantly,  this  negative  peer  effect  increases  significantly  along  multiple  competition  intensity  dimensions  within  a  dorm  room.  The  follow-up  survey  we  conduct  reveals  that  this  is  likely  driven  by  competition  discouraging  help  and  interactions  among  roommates.In  the  second  essay,  my  co-authors  and  I  study  how  religious  practices  affect  worker  performance.  More  than  six  billion  people  practice  certain  religions.  How  religious  practices  affect  worker  performance  is  theoretically  ambiguous.  On  the  one  hand,  religious  practices  require  time  that  is  then  unavailable  for  production.  Moreover,  certain  practices,  such  as  fasting,  may  also  directly  impact  worker  productivity.  On  the  other  hand,  religion  may  foster  a  better  work  ethic  and  workers  may  find  ways  to  attenuate  the  potential  economic  costs.  Our  paper  examines  the  effects  of  religious  practices  on  labor  supply  and  productivity  and  how  workers  respond  to  a  change  of  external  constraints  in  the  context  of  observing  Ramadan  fasting.  We  obtain  high-frequency  administrative  data  from  a  large  retail  chain  in  Indonesia  and  utilize  an  event-study  approach  to  compare  the  performance  of  Muslim  salespersons  and  their  non-Muslim  colleagues  during  Ramadan.  We  find  that  Muslim  salespersons  leave  work  22  minutes  earlier,  and  their  productivity  (after  controlling  for  demand  side  changes)  decreases  by  21%  around  sunset,  compared  to  their  non-Muslim  counterparts.  Meanwhile,  they  exert  more  effort  earlier  in  the  day  to  compensate  for  decreased  productivity  later  in  the  day  or  shorter  working  hours.  Due  to  their  reallocation  of  efforts,  there  is  no  significant  change  in  the  aggregate  daily  sales  of  Muslim  salespersons  during  Ramadan.  Lastly,  we  find  that  such  effort  reallocation  is  more  salient  among  workers  with  more  Ramadan  experience  in  the  workplace,  suggesting  this  optimization  is  learned  over  time.The  third  essay  reexamines  the  impacts  of  China's  One-Child  Policy  (OCP)  on  aggregate  fertility.  We  compare  fertility  in  two  provinces  with  the  OCP,  Guangdong  and  Fujian,  with  demographically  similar  bordering  regions  without  the  OCP,  Hong  Kong  and  Taiwan.  Using  micro-census  data,  these  paired  case  comparisons  show  that  the  OCP  did  not  decrease  aggregate  fertility,  measured  as  birth  likelihood  and  average  number  of  siblings.  Using  data  from  cities  in  two  other  provinces,  we  also  show  the  OCP  was  likely  not  binding  on  fertility  levels  because  relaxing  the  OCP  did  not  increase  fertility  rates  in  pilot  cities  compared  to  neighboring  cities  that  did  not  relax  the  policy.  Our  findings  emphasize  the  need  to  understand  the  limits  of  policy  to  affect  national-level  fertility  rates.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aIslamic  studies.
■650  4▼aReligion.
■653    ▼aRamadan  fasting
■653    ▼aMuslim  salespersons
■653    ▼aOCP
■653    ▼aPeer  interactions
■653    ▼aReligious  practices
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0512
■690    ▼a0318
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931838▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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