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Essays on Economics of Beliefs- [electronic resource]
Essays on Economics of Beliefs - [electronic resource]
Essays on Economics of Beliefs- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101249
ISBN  
9798379741938
DDC  
100
저자명  
Galashin, Mikhail.
서명/저자  
Essays on Economics of Beliefs - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Los Angeles., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(197 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Perez-Truglia, Ricardo;Wasserman, Melanie.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies the effects and elicitation of beliefs. In the first chapter we estimate the effects of macroeconomic expectations on consumer decisions. We examine this question using an experiment with 2,872 credit card customers at a large commercial bank. We provide participants with expert forecasts of inflation and the nominal exchange rate and measure the consumption response to this information using detailed data on individual credit card transactions. We find that forecasts strongly affect inflation and exchange rate expectations, but do not change spending or self-reported consumption plans as predicted by standard models of intertemporal choice. Results from a supplementary survey experiment suggest that consumers are sophisticated enough to anticipate nominal rigidities that lower expected real income and reduce spending on durables for precautionary reasons, counteracting the effects predicted by standard models of intertemporal optimization. The absence of a link between consumer expectations and behavior has potentially important implications for macroeconomic policies such as forward guidance.The counter-intuitive results motivate development of more flexible method of belief elicitation, which could facilitate understanding of the subjects' decision making. While the elicitation of numerical variables, such as inflation, is well understood, certain beliefs, such as action plans during an inflation hike, cannot be represented numerically and require verbal elicitation. Verbal elicitation forces the researcher either to use open-ended questions or know the most important answers in advance. We propose a method to crowdsource potential answers to open-ended questions. This ensures that the survey is adaptive and does not miss important answers while maintaining a low-cost, multiple-choice format. We propose two measures of information loss to evaluate the quality of multiple-choice questions: the semantic similarity of selected answers to the open-ended answers to the same question and the probability of selecting any answer from the list. We conduct an experiment to examine the impact of monetary incentives and characteristics of respondents on the quality of crowdsourced answers. Our findings show that incentives can increase quality and effort, but the effects are relatively small compared to the variation across respondents. We find that option authors' similarity to the respondents in beliefs, political views, and demographics, explains a large fraction of the variation in quality. These results imply that sample selection is likely to be more important for crowdsourcing hypotheses than incentive design.The third chapter outlines a research agenda extending the work on the verbal elicitation techniques. In particular, we focus on the potential of large language models (LLMs) to improve belief elicitation techniques with natural language. We review the current state of belief elicitation in economics. Next, we introduce the main architectures and relevant fine-tuning techniques for LLMs. Lastly, we discuss the potential applications of LLMs to belief elicitation and the utilization of beliefs in empirical work. This includes using LLMs for representing beliefs numerically, interacting with subjects during belief elicitation, and generating hypotheses regarding how beliefs affect actions.
일반주제명  
Epistemology.
일반주제명  
Philosophy.
키워드  
Belief elicitation
키워드  
Beliefs
키워드  
Expectations
키워드  
Field experiment
키워드  
Lab experiment
키워드  
Spending
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Management (MS/PHD) 0535
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520240214101249
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798379741938
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30529542
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a100
■1001  ▼aGalashin,  Mikhail.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Economics  of  Beliefs▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(197  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Perez-Truglia,  Ricardo;Wasserman,  Melanie.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  the  effects  and  elicitation  of  beliefs.  In  the  first  chapter  we  estimate  the  effects  of  macroeconomic  expectations  on  consumer  decisions.  We  examine  this  question  using  an  experiment  with  2,872  credit  card  customers  at  a  large  commercial  bank.  We  provide  participants  with  expert  forecasts  of  inflation  and  the  nominal  exchange  rate  and  measure  the  consumption  response  to  this  information  using  detailed  data  on  individual  credit  card  transactions.  We  find  that  forecasts  strongly  affect  inflation  and  exchange  rate  expectations,  but  do  not  change  spending  or  self-reported  consumption  plans  as  predicted  by  standard  models  of  intertemporal  choice.  Results  from  a  supplementary  survey  experiment  suggest  that  consumers  are  sophisticated  enough  to  anticipate  nominal  rigidities  that  lower  expected  real  income  and  reduce  spending  on  durables  for  precautionary  reasons,  counteracting  the  effects  predicted  by  standard  models  of  intertemporal  optimization.  The  absence  of  a  link  between  consumer  expectations  and  behavior  has  potentially  important  implications  for  macroeconomic  policies  such  as  forward  guidance.The  counter-intuitive  results  motivate  development  of  more  flexible  method  of  belief  elicitation,  which  could  facilitate  understanding  of  the  subjects'  decision  making.  While  the  elicitation  of  numerical  variables,  such  as  inflation,  is  well  understood,  certain  beliefs,  such  as  action  plans  during  an  inflation  hike,  cannot  be  represented  numerically  and  require  verbal  elicitation.  Verbal  elicitation  forces  the  researcher  either  to  use  open-ended  questions  or  know  the  most  important  answers  in  advance.  We  propose  a  method  to  crowdsource  potential  answers  to  open-ended  questions.  This  ensures  that  the  survey  is  adaptive  and  does  not  miss  important  answers  while  maintaining  a  low-cost,  multiple-choice  format.  We  propose  two  measures  of  information  loss  to  evaluate  the  quality  of  multiple-choice  questions:  the  semantic  similarity  of  selected  answers  to  the  open-ended  answers  to  the  same  question  and  the  probability  of  selecting  any  answer  from  the  list.  We  conduct  an  experiment  to  examine  the  impact  of  monetary  incentives  and  characteristics  of  respondents  on  the  quality  of  crowdsourced  answers.  Our  findings  show  that  incentives  can  increase  quality  and  effort,  but  the  effects  are  relatively  small  compared  to  the  variation  across  respondents.  We  find  that  option  authors'  similarity  to  the  respondents  in  beliefs,  political  views,  and  demographics,  explains  a  large  fraction  of  the  variation  in  quality.  These  results  imply  that  sample  selection  is  likely  to  be  more  important  for  crowdsourcing  hypotheses  than  incentive  design.The  third  chapter  outlines  a  research  agenda  extending  the  work  on  the  verbal  elicitation  techniques.  In  particular,  we  focus  on  the  potential  of  large  language  models  (LLMs)  to  improve  belief  elicitation  techniques  with  natural  language.  We  review  the  current  state  of  belief  elicitation  in  economics.  Next,  we  introduce  the  main  architectures  and  relevant  fine-tuning  techniques  for  LLMs.  Lastly,  we  discuss  the  potential  applications  of  LLMs  to  belief  elicitation  and  the  utilization  of  beliefs  in  empirical  work.  This  includes  using  LLMs  for  representing  beliefs  numerically,  interacting  with  subjects  during  belief  elicitation,  and  generating  hypotheses  regarding  how  beliefs  affect  actions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aEpistemology.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy.
■653    ▼aBelief  elicitation
■653    ▼aBeliefs
■653    ▼aExpectations
■653    ▼aField  experiment
■653    ▼aLab  experiment
■653    ▼aSpending
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0393
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bManagement  (MS/PHD)  0535.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933461▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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