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Comparing the Biochemical Compositions of Fruits From the Sambucus Species and the Color Expression of Their Anthocyanin Extracts as Modulated by UV Irradiation- [electronic resource]
Comparing the Biochemical Compositions of Fruits From the Sambucus Species and the Color E...
Comparing the Biochemical Compositions of Fruits From the Sambucus Species and the Color Expression of Their Anthocyanin Extracts as Modulated by UV Irradiation- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101932
ISBN  
9798380181617
DDC  
641
저자명  
Zhou, Yucheng.
서명/저자  
Comparing the Biochemical Compositions of Fruits From the Sambucus Species and the Color Expression of Their Anthocyanin Extracts as Modulated by UV Irradiation - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : The Ohio State University., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(197 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Giusti, M. Monica.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Sambucus (elderberry) is a woody perennial that produces fruits rich in anthocyanins. The two most economically important species around the world are the European elderberry (S. nigra L.) and the American elderberry (S. canadensis L.). The European elderberry has a long history of being grown as a commercial fruit crop therefore it is better known than other species. The American elderberry is native to the North America, but it has not been studied as much as its European counterpart. There are many other Sambucus species. Among them, S. peruviana is a species native to South America with limited information reported in the literature.The anthocyanin content in elderberry fruits is higher than that of most other berries and for that reason the European elderberry extract has been commercialized as a natural food colorant. The anthocyanin concentration and profile, along with other biochemical attributes are greatly impacted by genetic (like species, cultivar) and environmental (like ripeness) factors. These variations can affect the coloring properties of their anthocyanin extracts and will ultimately determine their application in food industry. Being S. canadensis being the North American native species and less studied than the European counterpart, our study focused greatly on this species, while its colorimetric properties were compared with other Sambucus species including S. nigra and S. peruviana to compare their application potential.In the first two chapters, we aimed to investigate the impact of cultivar and ripeness on the accumulation of anthocyanin and other phytochemicals in American elderberry, systematically evaluate the anthocyanin profiles and color properties of S. nigra, S. canadensis and S. peruviana under a wide pH range for their potential as natural food colorants.Biochemical compositions of American elderberry greatly changed during fruit ripening. °Brix increased ~4 unites, pH increased from 4.2 to 4.5, anthocyanin content multiplied about tenfold and phenolic content multiplied almost threefold from the half-to the fully-ripen stage, while the % acylated anthocyanins decreased from 80% to 70%. Different American elderberry cultivars significantly varied on pH, anthocyanin content and polymeric color. More than 70% anthocyanins in S. canadensis were acylated with p-coumaric acids, with trans (~65%) and cis-configured (~2%) cyanidin-3-p-coumaroylsambubioside-5-glucosides coexisted. S. canadensis was abundant in cyanidin-3,5- glycosides (90%), while S. nigra (80%) and S. peruviana (~100%) were dominated by the non-acylated cyanidin-3-glycosides. Nearly 30% of anthocyanins in S. peruviana were cyanidin-3-lathyroside, which were not commonly found in nature. The different anthocyanin glycosylation and acylation pattern resulted in a more orange-red color expression of the S. nigra and S. peruviana extracts at acidic pH, less color loss at pH 4- 6, and a blue color expression of the S. canadensis extract at alkaline pH. According to their different color properties, they can be good candidates for the replacement of red and blue dyes.American elderberry is one of the few edible plants that contains both cis and trans isomers, therefore can be used to investigate the impact of acyl group configuration on the anthocyanin color expression and stability.The cis-configured cyanidin-3-p-coumaroyl-sambubioside-5-glucosides isolated from American elderberry exhibited larger \uD835\uDF06vis-max with more intense (higher Amax and smaller L* ) and more saturated (larger C* ab) colors expressed at almost all pHs than its trans counterparts. It experienced less color loss at mildly acidic pH due to its spatial configuration. Half-lives of the cis isomers were 2-6 times longer than the trans depending on pH. These favorable attributes indicated that an extract rich in cis isomers would potentially express more vital colors with improved stability.The cis-configured anthocyanins are rarely found in nature, while they may be isomerized from the trans through UV irradiation. Current knowledge on anthocyanin photoisomerization is limited, leaving a gap to fill in. For this reason, we first identified the key factors that governed this conversion process and modelled the reactions under different irradiation conditions. We then developed a food-friendly and sustainable approach to produce more cis isomers efficiently. We further verified the feasibility of improving anthocyanin extracts color intensity and stability through UV irradiation. Photoisomerization of anthocyanin was more efficient with isolates but Photoisomerization of American elderberry crude extract resulted in the accumulation of cis isomers, and reached a photo-stationary phase in just 12 min. The anthocyanin photoisomerization was solvent and dose-dependent. Under all the tested conditions, the highest cis/trans ratio (~0.75) and the conversion efficiency (k = 0.54) was obtained when irradiating 100 \uD835\uDF07M American elderberry crude extract in 90% ethanol. The increased cis/trans ratio in the extract after UV irradiation significantly intensified the overall color expression with extended shelf life.Our investigation of biochemical compositions and color performance of multiple American elderberry cultivars at different ripening stages helped to guide the selection of appropriate materials for specific research and application purposes. Our systematic evaluation of colorimetric properties among different Sambucus species suggested that the application of Sambucus species as natural colorants could be extended to other less utilized species like S. canadensis and S. peruviana. Our study on cis and trans cyanidin stereoisomers provided important additions to the current knowledge on the relationship between acyl group configuration and anthocyanin color expression. Our exploration of anthocyanin photoisomerization suggested that UV irradiation could be a feasible approach to intensity anthocyanin color expression and improve the stability.
일반주제명  
Food science.
일반주제명  
Plant sciences.
일반주제명  
Nutrition.
키워드  
Anthocyanins
키워드  
Natural colorant
키워드  
Sambucus species
키워드  
Photoisomerization
키워드  
Phytochemicals
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Food Science and Technology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■020    ▼a9798380181617
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30723620
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a641
■1001  ▼aZhou,  Yucheng.
■24510▼aComparing  the  Biochemical  Compositions  of  Fruits  From  the  Sambucus  Species  and  the  Color  Expression  of  Their  Anthocyanin  Extracts  as  Modulated  by  UV  Irradiation▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bThe  Ohio  State  University.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(197  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Giusti,  M.  Monica.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aSambucus  (elderberry)  is  a  woody  perennial  that  produces  fruits  rich  in  anthocyanins.  The  two  most  economically  important  species  around  the  world  are  the  European  elderberry  (S.  nigra  L.)  and  the  American  elderberry  (S.  canadensis  L.).  The  European  elderberry  has  a  long  history  of  being  grown  as  a  commercial  fruit  crop  therefore  it  is  better  known  than  other  species.  The  American  elderberry  is  native  to  the  North  America,  but  it  has  not  been  studied  as  much  as  its  European  counterpart.  There  are  many  other  Sambucus  species.  Among  them,  S.  peruviana  is  a  species  native  to  South  America  with  limited  information  reported  in  the  literature.The  anthocyanin  content  in  elderberry  fruits  is  higher  than  that  of  most  other  berries  and  for  that  reason  the  European  elderberry  extract  has  been  commercialized  as  a  natural  food  colorant.  The  anthocyanin  concentration  and  profile,  along  with  other  biochemical  attributes  are  greatly  impacted  by  genetic  (like  species,  cultivar)  and  environmental  (like  ripeness)  factors.  These  variations  can  affect  the  coloring  properties  of  their  anthocyanin  extracts  and  will  ultimately  determine  their  application  in  food  industry.  Being  S.  canadensis  being  the  North  American  native  species  and  less  studied  than  the  European  counterpart,  our  study  focused  greatly  on  this  species,  while  its  colorimetric  properties  were  compared  with  other  Sambucus  species  including  S.  nigra  and  S.  peruviana  to  compare  their  application  potential.In  the  first  two  chapters,  we  aimed  to  investigate  the  impact  of  cultivar  and  ripeness  on  the  accumulation  of  anthocyanin  and  other  phytochemicals  in  American  elderberry,  systematically  evaluate  the  anthocyanin  profiles  and  color  properties  of  S.  nigra,  S.  canadensis  and  S.  peruviana  under  a  wide  pH  range  for  their  potential  as  natural  food  colorants.Biochemical  compositions  of  American  elderberry  greatly  changed  during  fruit  ripening.  °Brix  increased  ~4  unites,  pH  increased  from  4.2  to  4.5,  anthocyanin  content  multiplied  about  tenfold  and  phenolic  content  multiplied  almost  threefold  from  the  half-to  the  fully-ripen  stage,  while  the  %  acylated  anthocyanins  decreased  from  80%  to  70%.  Different  American  elderberry  cultivars  significantly  varied  on  pH,  anthocyanin  content  and  polymeric  color.  More  than  70%  anthocyanins  in  S.  canadensis  were  acylated  with  p-coumaric  acids,  with  trans  (~65%)  and  cis-configured  (~2%)  cyanidin-3-p-coumaroylsambubioside-5-glucosides  coexisted.  S.  canadensis  was  abundant  in  cyanidin-3,5-  glycosides  (90%),  while  S.  nigra  (80%)  and  S.  peruviana  (~100%)  were  dominated  by  the  non-acylated  cyanidin-3-glycosides.  Nearly  30%  of  anthocyanins  in  S.  peruviana  were  cyanidin-3-lathyroside,  which  were  not  commonly  found  in  nature.  The  different  anthocyanin  glycosylation  and  acylation  pattern  resulted  in  a  more  orange-red  color  expression  of  the  S.  nigra  and  S.  peruviana  extracts  at  acidic  pH,  less  color  loss  at  pH  4-  6,  and  a  blue  color  expression  of  the  S.  canadensis  extract  at  alkaline  pH.  According  to  their  different  color  properties,  they  can  be  good  candidates  for  the  replacement  of  red  and  blue  dyes.American  elderberry  is  one  of  the  few  edible  plants  that  contains  both  cis  and  trans  isomers,  therefore  can  be  used  to  investigate  the  impact  of  acyl  group  configuration  on  the  anthocyanin  color  expression  and  stability.The  cis-configured  cyanidin-3-p-coumaroyl-sambubioside-5-glucosides  isolated  from  American  elderberry  exhibited  larger  \uD835\uDF06vis-max  with  more  intense  (higher  Amax  and  smaller  L*  )  and  more  saturated  (larger  C*  ab)  colors  expressed  at  almost  all  pHs  than  its  trans  counterparts.  It  experienced  less  color  loss  at  mildly  acidic  pH  due  to  its  spatial  configuration.  Half-lives  of  the  cis  isomers  were  2-6  times  longer  than  the  trans  depending  on  pH.  These  favorable  attributes  indicated  that  an  extract  rich  in  cis  isomers  would  potentially  express  more  vital  colors  with  improved  stability.The  cis-configured  anthocyanins  are  rarely  found  in  nature,  while  they  may  be  isomerized  from  the  trans  through  UV  irradiation.  Current  knowledge  on  anthocyanin  photoisomerization  is  limited,  leaving  a  gap  to  fill  in.  For  this  reason,  we  first  identified  the  key  factors  that  governed  this  conversion  process  and  modelled  the  reactions  under  different  irradiation  conditions.  We  then  developed  a  food-friendly  and  sustainable  approach  to  produce  more  cis  isomers  efficiently.  We  further  verified  the  feasibility  of  improving  anthocyanin  extracts  color  intensity  and  stability  through  UV  irradiation.  Photoisomerization  of  anthocyanin  was  more  efficient  with  isolates  but  Photoisomerization  of  American  elderberry  crude  extract  resulted  in  the  accumulation  of  cis  isomers,  and  reached  a  photo-stationary  phase  in  just  12  min.  The  anthocyanin  photoisomerization  was  solvent  and  dose-dependent.  Under  all  the  tested  conditions,  the  highest  cis/trans  ratio  (~0.75)  and  the  conversion  efficiency  (k  =  0.54)  was  obtained  when  irradiating  100  \uD835\uDF07M  American  elderberry  crude  extract  in  90%  ethanol.  The  increased  cis/trans  ratio  in  the  extract  after  UV  irradiation  significantly  intensified  the  overall  color  expression  with  extended  shelf  life.Our  investigation  of  biochemical  compositions  and  color  performance  of  multiple  American  elderberry  cultivars  at  different  ripening  stages  helped  to  guide  the  selection  of  appropriate  materials  for  specific  research  and  application  purposes.  Our  systematic  evaluation  of  colorimetric  properties  among  different  Sambucus  species  suggested  that  the  application  of  Sambucus  species  as  natural  colorants  could  be  extended  to  other  less  utilized  species  like  S.  canadensis  and  S.  peruviana.  Our  study  on  cis  and  trans  cyanidin  stereoisomers  provided  important  additions  to  the  current  knowledge  on  the  relationship  between  acyl  group  configuration  and  anthocyanin  color  expression.  Our  exploration  of  anthocyanin  photoisomerization  suggested  that  UV  irradiation  could  be  a  feasible  approach  to  intensity  anthocyanin  color  expression  and  improve  the  stability.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aFood  science.
■650  4▼aPlant  sciences.
■650  4▼aNutrition.
■653    ▼aAnthocyanins
■653    ▼aNatural  colorant
■653    ▼aSambucus  species
■653    ▼aPhotoisomerization
■653    ▼aPhytochemicals
■690    ▼a0359
■690    ▼a0479
■690    ▼a0570
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bFood  Science  and  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935437▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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