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Novel Statistical Methods for Composite Endpoints- [electronic resource]
Novel Statistical Methods for Composite Endpoints - [electronic resource]
Novel Statistical Methods for Composite Endpoints- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101239
ISBN  
9798379707101
DDC  
574
저자명  
Wang, Tuo.
서명/저자  
Novel Statistical Methods for Composite Endpoints - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : The University of Wisconsin - Madison., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(135 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mao, Lu.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약The recent Influenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated heart failure (INVESTED) trial compares the effects of two influenza vaccines in high-risk cardiovascular patients on the composite of all-cause death and recurrent cardiopulmonary hospitalizations. The INVESTED trial has two major challenges that cannot be adequately addressed by conventional statistical methodologies. 1) The INVESTED trial is a multi-season clinical trial with a randomize-once strategy. Patients enrolled from previous seasons who stay alive and remain in the study will be treated according to the initial randomization in subsequent seasons. The randomize-once strategy may induce selective attrition from earlier seasons for the non-randomized cohorts. 2) Multivariate prioritized endpoints are used for the primary analysis. The traditional approaches to analyze composite endpoints, such as the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression, focus on the time-to-first event and thus ignore the hierarchical structure among the components. In this dissertation, we aim to address these challenges.In the first project, to address the potentially selective attrition from earlier seasons for the non-randomized cohorts, we develop an inverse probability of treatment weighting method using season-specific propensity scores to produce unbiased estimates of survival functions or hazard ratios. As for the inference procedure, bootstrap variance estimators are used to account for the randomness in the estimated weights and the potential correlations in repeated events within each patient from season to season.The subsequent three projects focus on developing novel approaches to analyze composite endpoints that can properly prioritize different components of the composite endpoints based on their clinical importance. The second and third project focus on the win ratio statistics, as introduced in Pocock et al. (2012), while the fourth project extends the survival tree methodology to prioritized composite endpoints.In the second project, we propose the restricted time win ratio to address the major limitation of the traditionally used win ratio, which is heavily influenced by the censoring distribution. By calculating the win ratio at a pre-specified time point and estimating it using an imputation algorithm based on fully conditional specification algorithm, this method offers an unbiased and robust estimation of the treatment effect while accounting for the hierarchical structure of the composite endpoint.In the third project, we develop a stratified proportional win-fractions (PW) model, extending the win ratio from a two-sample comparison to regression. Under the proportionality assumption, the PW model ensures the covariate-specific win ratios remain invariant to the follow-up times. To address the violation of the proportionality assumption in practice, we develop a stratified PW model that adjusts for certain prognostic factors without setting them as covariates, thus bypassing the proportionality requirement. By allowing for stratification, this method provides robust and efficient estimation of the treatment effect and reduces potential biases arising from the violation of the proportionality assumption.Finally, the fourth project extends the survival tree methodology to handle prioritized composite endpoints by generalizing the twoing criteria and develops a generalized concordance index (C-index) for measuring model performance. This approach offers a nonparametric alternative for analyzing composite endpoints, accommodating complex interactions between covariates and multiple event types. By incorporating the hierarchical nature of composite endpoints into the tree construction process, this method provides a more accurate and interpretable partition of patients into distinct risk groups.
일반주제명  
Biostatistics.
일반주제명  
Statistics.
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering.
키워드  
Composite endpoints
키워드  
Estimand
키워드  
Generalized pairwise comparisons
키워드  
Propensity score
키워드  
Survival tree
키워드  
Win ratio
키워드  
Cardiovascular patients
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Statistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aWang,  Tuo.
■24510▼aNovel  Statistical  Methods  for  Composite  Endpoints▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(135  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mao,  Lu.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThe  recent  Influenza  Vaccine  to  Effectively  Stop  cardio  Thoracic  Events  and  Decompensated  heart  failure  (INVESTED)  trial  compares  the  effects  of  two  influenza  vaccines  in  high-risk  cardiovascular  patients  on  the  composite  of  all-cause  death  and  recurrent  cardiopulmonary  hospitalizations.  The  INVESTED  trial  has  two  major  challenges  that  cannot  be  adequately  addressed  by  conventional  statistical  methodologies.  1)  The  INVESTED  trial  is  a  multi-season  clinical  trial  with  a  randomize-once  strategy.  Patients  enrolled  from  previous  seasons  who  stay  alive  and  remain  in  the  study  will  be  treated  according  to  the  initial  randomization  in  subsequent  seasons.  The  randomize-once  strategy  may  induce  selective  attrition  from  earlier  seasons  for  the  non-randomized  cohorts.  2)  Multivariate  prioritized  endpoints  are  used  for  the  primary  analysis.  The  traditional  approaches  to  analyze  composite  endpoints,  such  as  the  Kaplan-Meier  estimator  and  Cox  proportional  hazards  regression,  focus  on  the  time-to-first  event  and  thus  ignore  the  hierarchical  structure  among  the  components.  In  this  dissertation,  we  aim  to  address  these  challenges.In  the  first  project,  to  address  the  potentially  selective  attrition  from  earlier  seasons  for  the  non-randomized  cohorts,  we  develop  an  inverse  probability  of  treatment  weighting  method  using  season-specific  propensity  scores  to  produce  unbiased  estimates  of  survival  functions  or  hazard  ratios.  As  for  the  inference  procedure,  bootstrap  variance  estimators  are  used  to  account  for  the  randomness  in  the  estimated  weights  and  the  potential  correlations  in  repeated  events  within  each  patient  from  season  to  season.The  subsequent  three  projects  focus  on  developing  novel  approaches  to  analyze  composite  endpoints  that  can  properly  prioritize  different  components  of  the  composite  endpoints  based  on  their  clinical  importance.  The  second  and  third  project  focus  on  the  win  ratio  statistics,  as  introduced  in  Pocock  et  al.  (2012),  while  the  fourth  project  extends  the  survival  tree  methodology  to  prioritized  composite  endpoints.In  the  second  project,  we  propose  the  restricted  time  win  ratio  to  address  the  major  limitation  of  the  traditionally  used  win  ratio,  which  is  heavily  influenced  by  the  censoring  distribution.  By  calculating  the  win  ratio  at  a  pre-specified  time  point  and  estimating  it  using  an  imputation  algorithm  based  on  fully  conditional  specification  algorithm,  this  method  offers  an  unbiased  and  robust  estimation  of  the  treatment  effect  while  accounting  for  the  hierarchical  structure  of  the  composite  endpoint.In  the  third  project,  we  develop  a  stratified  proportional  win-fractions  (PW)  model,  extending  the  win  ratio  from  a  two-sample  comparison  to  regression.  Under  the  proportionality  assumption,  the  PW  model  ensures  the  covariate-specific  win  ratios  remain  invariant  to  the  follow-up  times.  To  address  the  violation  of  the  proportionality  assumption  in  practice,  we  develop  a  stratified  PW  model  that  adjusts  for  certain  prognostic  factors  without  setting  them  as  covariates,  thus  bypassing  the  proportionality  requirement.  By  allowing  for  stratification,  this  method  provides  robust  and  efficient  estimation  of  the  treatment  effect  and  reduces  potential  biases  arising  from  the  violation  of  the  proportionality  assumption.Finally,  the  fourth  project  extends  the  survival  tree  methodology  to  handle  prioritized  composite  endpoints  by  generalizing  the  twoing  criteria  and  develops  a  generalized  concordance  index  (C-index)  for  measuring  model  performance.  This  approach  offers  a  nonparametric  alternative  for  analyzing  composite  endpoints,  accommodating  complex  interactions  between  covariates  and  multiple  event  types.  By  incorporating  the  hierarchical  nature  of  composite  endpoints  into  the  tree  construction  process,  this  method  provides  a  more  accurate  and  interpretable  partition  of  patients  into  distinct  risk  groups.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aBiostatistics.
■650  4▼aStatistics.
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering.
■653    ▼aComposite  endpoints
■653    ▼aEstimand
■653    ▼aGeneralized  pairwise  comparisons
■653    ▼aPropensity  score
■653    ▼aSurvival  tree
■653    ▼aWin  ratio
■653    ▼aCardiovascular  patients
■690    ▼a0308
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bStatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933378▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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