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Political Communications and Behavior by Rebel Groups in Civil Wars- [electronic resource]
Political Communications and Behavior by Rebel Groups in Civil Wars - [electronic resource...
Political Communications and Behavior by Rebel Groups in Civil Wars- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100040
ISBN  
9798379774394
DDC  
320
저자명  
Becker, Michael.
서명/저자  
Political Communications and Behavior by Rebel Groups in Civil Wars - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : New York University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(135 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dickson, Eric S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약The three essays in this dissertation examine different forms of behavior by militant groups in civil wars, as well as the connections between their behavior and communications. Below are the abstracts for each paper.Do strategic communications predict rebel behavior in civil wars? Evidence from militant group manifestosHow well do statements of political positions reflect actors' subsequent behavior in civil wars? Existing research on legislative dynamics indicates a relationship between elected officials' expressions and voting behavior, but it is unclear whether this relationship generalizes to other domains. In this paper, I examine the relationship between the sentiments expressed in manifestos released by militant groups involved in civil wars and the sources of revenue that such organizations opt for. To the extent that existing research on civil wars considers revenue sources, it is largely as an independent variable that influences the probability and nature of conflict occurrence. I propose to re-conceptualize funding decisions as outcomes of militants' efforts to navigate tradeoffs within their political environments that may be reflected in their formal communications. In particular, I examine whether rebel groups collect revenue directly from constituents, indirectly through means such as drug sales, or via transfers from foreign governments. Using text analysis on an original corpus of manifestos, I derive ideological position estimates for a sample of militant groups. I then combine multiple sources of data on rebel revenue gathering to assess the relationship between the positions taken and revenue-gathering decisions. In partial support of my hypotheses, I find that groups whose manifestos reflect a more international orientation do indeed tend to take more foreign contributions. The relationship between stated positions and domestic forms of funding is more ambiguous. The results have implications both for future policymaking and scholarship on militant group behavior.War on Two Fronts: How Rebels Navigate between Foreign and Domestic AudiencesWhat do rebel communications reveal about militants' target selection behavior? Some organizations primarily target civilians, while others attack government forces; some groups are domestically-focused, while others perpetrate violence on foreign soil. Explaining and predicting such behavior by militant organizations is important on both analytical and policy-relevant grounds. However, existing classifications based on qualitative estimations of ideology have failed to adequately explain variation in target selection behavior. In this paper, using a novel measure, I demonstrate that political communications in civil wars are reflective of target selection behavior. Organizations attempt to align with either a domestic or an international audience, and the observable tactical outcomes of this decision (domestic vs. foreign attacks, civilian vs. government targets) are mediated by organizational capacity. Internationally-aligned organizations tend to be agents of foreign sponsors who fund campaigns to advance their interests abroad. Sponsors wish to induce their clients to target government forces, but have imperfect influence. I conjecture that internationally-oriented organizations will be more likely to target hardened government or military targets and, on a separate dimension, foreign nationals. Locally-oriented groups, on the other hand, tend to embark on parochial, often ethnically-focused campaigns, and direct violence against their domestic, mainly civilian enemies. To shed light on how militant groups perceive the interaction between decisions on these two dimensions, I collect a corpus of rebel manifestos, which express organizations' grievances, goals, and intended strategies. I then extract relative text-based position estimates for each organization, and link these estimates with existing data on target selection behavior. The findings conform to the theoretical expectations.Cyclicality in Non-State Violence: Theory and EvidenceWhat explains recurrent fluctuations in violence within militant groups? Temporal swings in the number of attacks perpetrated are common, but lack a general explanation. I provide evidence of cycles in attacks, and provide a theory of why organizational levels of violence vary serially. First, due to the contradictions of non-state violence, there exist, simultaneously, upward and downward pressures on its use. By "contradictions," I mean that violence is both beneficial and detrimental to an organization. It can secure public support and government concessions, but can also tarnish a group's reputation and invite retaliatory violence. Second, since the relative strength of each type of pressure (upward or downward) varies inversely with how much it is accommodated, organizations face disincentives to pause at high or low levels of violence. Groups that shift tactics to accommodate one pressure find they have activated another. For example, a group that curtails violent attacks to avoid government repression finds it lacks media attention. These pressures incentivize a reprise in violence, causing the up-and- down pattern to repeat. Finally, the cyclical pattern is reinforced by endogenous interactions between militants' political environments and their decision-making processes. I provide suggestive support for the arguments by examining the Basque group ETA.
일반주제명  
Political science.
일반주제명  
Statistics.
키워드  
Civil war
키워드  
Insurgency
키워드  
Political violence
키워드  
Terrorism
키워드  
Text analysis
기타저자  
New York University Politics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-01B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aBecker,  Michael.
■24510▼aPolitical  Communications  and  Behavior  by  Rebel  Groups  in  Civil  Wars▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bNew  York  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(135  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dickson,  Eric  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThe  three  essays  in  this  dissertation  examine  different  forms  of  behavior  by  militant  groups  in  civil  wars,  as  well  as  the  connections  between  their  behavior  and  communications.  Below  are  the  abstracts  for  each  paper.Do  strategic  communications  predict  rebel  behavior  in  civil  wars?  Evidence  from  militant  group  manifestosHow  well  do  statements  of  political  positions  reflect  actors'  subsequent  behavior  in  civil  wars?  Existing  research  on  legislative  dynamics  indicates  a  relationship  between  elected  officials'  expressions  and  voting  behavior,  but  it  is  unclear  whether  this  relationship  generalizes  to  other  domains.  In  this  paper,  I  examine  the  relationship  between  the  sentiments  expressed  in  manifestos  released  by  militant  groups  involved  in  civil  wars  and  the  sources  of  revenue  that  such  organizations  opt  for.  To  the  extent  that  existing  research  on  civil  wars  considers  revenue  sources,  it  is  largely  as  an  independent  variable  that  influences  the  probability  and  nature  of  conflict  occurrence.  I  propose  to  re-conceptualize  funding  decisions  as  outcomes  of  militants'  efforts  to  navigate  tradeoffs  within  their  political  environments  that  may  be  reflected  in  their  formal  communications.  In  particular,  I  examine  whether  rebel  groups  collect  revenue  directly  from  constituents,  indirectly  through  means  such  as  drug  sales,  or  via  transfers  from  foreign  governments.  Using  text  analysis  on  an  original  corpus  of  manifestos,  I  derive  ideological  position  estimates  for  a  sample  of  militant  groups.  I  then  combine  multiple  sources  of  data  on  rebel  revenue  gathering  to  assess  the  relationship  between  the  positions  taken  and  revenue-gathering  decisions.  In  partial  support  of  my  hypotheses,  I  find  that  groups  whose  manifestos  reflect  a  more  international  orientation  do  indeed  tend  to  take  more  foreign  contributions.  The  relationship  between  stated  positions  and  domestic  forms  of  funding  is  more  ambiguous.  The  results  have  implications  both  for  future  policymaking  and  scholarship  on  militant  group  behavior.War  on  Two  Fronts:  How  Rebels  Navigate  between  Foreign  and  Domestic  AudiencesWhat  do  rebel  communications  reveal  about  militants'  target  selection  behavior?  Some  organizations  primarily  target  civilians,  while  others  attack  government  forces;  some  groups  are  domestically-focused,  while  others  perpetrate  violence  on  foreign  soil.  Explaining  and  predicting  such  behavior  by  militant  organizations  is  important  on  both  analytical  and  policy-relevant  grounds.  However,  existing  classifications  based  on  qualitative  estimations  of  ideology  have  failed  to  adequately  explain  variation  in  target  selection  behavior.  In  this  paper,  using  a  novel  measure,  I  demonstrate  that  political  communications  in  civil  wars  are  reflective  of  target  selection  behavior.  Organizations  attempt  to  align  with  either  a  domestic  or  an  international  audience,  and  the  observable  tactical  outcomes  of  this  decision  (domestic  vs.  foreign  attacks,  civilian  vs.  government  targets)  are  mediated  by  organizational  capacity.  Internationally-aligned  organizations  tend  to  be  agents  of  foreign  sponsors  who  fund  campaigns  to  advance  their  interests  abroad.  Sponsors  wish  to  induce  their  clients  to  target  government  forces,  but  have  imperfect  influence.  I  conjecture  that  internationally-oriented  organizations  will  be  more  likely  to  target  hardened  government  or  military  targets  and,  on  a  separate  dimension,  foreign  nationals.  Locally-oriented  groups,  on  the  other  hand,  tend  to  embark  on  parochial,  often  ethnically-focused  campaigns,  and  direct  violence  against  their  domestic,  mainly  civilian  enemies.  To  shed  light  on  how  militant  groups  perceive  the  interaction  between  decisions  on  these  two  dimensions,  I  collect  a  corpus  of  rebel  manifestos,  which  express  organizations'  grievances,  goals,  and  intended  strategies.  I  then  extract  relative  text-based  position  estimates  for  each  organization,  and  link  these  estimates  with  existing  data  on  target  selection  behavior.  The  findings  conform  to  the  theoretical  expectations.Cyclicality  in  Non-State  Violence:  Theory  and  EvidenceWhat  explains  recurrent  fluctuations  in  violence  within  militant  groups?  Temporal  swings  in  the  number  of  attacks  perpetrated  are  common,  but  lack  a  general  explanation.  I  provide  evidence  of  cycles  in  attacks,  and  provide  a  theory  of  why  organizational  levels  of  violence  vary  serially.  First,  due  to  the  contradictions  of  non-state  violence,  there  exist,  simultaneously,  upward  and  downward  pressures  on  its  use.  By  "contradictions,"  I  mean  that  violence  is  both  beneficial  and  detrimental  to  an  organization.  It  can  secure  public  support  and  government  concessions,  but  can  also  tarnish  a  group's  reputation  and  invite  retaliatory  violence.  Second,  since  the  relative  strength  of  each  type  of  pressure  (upward  or  downward)  varies  inversely  with  how  much  it  is  accommodated,  organizations  face  disincentives  to  pause  at  high  or  low  levels  of  violence.  Groups  that  shift  tactics  to  accommodate  one  pressure  find  they  have  activated  another.  For  example,  a  group  that  curtails  violent  attacks  to  avoid  government  repression  finds  it  lacks  media  attention.  These  pressures  incentivize  a  reprise  in  violence,  causing  the  up-and-  down  pattern  to  repeat.  Finally,  the  cyclical  pattern  is  reinforced  by  endogenous  interactions  between  militants'  political  environments  and  their  decision-making  processes.  I  provide  suggestive  support  for  the  arguments  by  examining  the  Basque  group  ETA.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science.
■650  4▼aStatistics.
■653    ▼aCivil  war
■653    ▼aInsurgency
■653    ▼aPolitical  violence
■653    ▼aTerrorism
■653    ▼aText  analysis
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0601
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bPolitics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-01B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931541▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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