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Essays in Macro Development- [electronic resource]
Essays in Macro Development - [electronic resource]
Essays in Macro Development- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100045
ISBN  
9798379774004
DDC  
379
저자명  
Huang, Yueling.
서명/저자  
Essays in Macro Development - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : New York University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(144 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Midrigan, Virgiliu.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of two essays in macro development.Chapter 1 studies the aggregate and distributional implications of college subsidies (e.g.: Pell grants) expansion by explicitly considering college major choice in general equilibrium. First, I empirically document that majors chosen by poorer students exhibit higher initial earnings, lower earnings growth, and lower earnings risk. I then build a general equilibrium heterogeneous agent life-cycle model with uninsurable idiosyncratic risk and borrowing constraints calibrated to the U.S. economy. Calibration suggests that majors chosen by poorer students also have higher disutility. Quantitatively, I find that unconditional expansion in college subsidies is not sufficient to induce poorer students to switch into the majors that richer students are currently choosing. Keeping the total subsidies budget equalized across experiments, college subsidies conditional on majors currently chosen by the poor (e.g.: STEM, Health, Education) generate higher average welfare gains than unconditional or conditional subsidies on majors currently chosen by the rich.Chapter 2 is joint work with Qinzhuo Gong. We explore how emissions interact with multiple sectors (i.e.: agriculture, manufacturing, services) and study the implications of such interactions for structural transformation, aggregate productivity, and cross-country productivity differences. We document three facts. First, services produce the highest share of emissions, but agriculture and manufacturing have higher emissions relative to their sectoral shares. Second, rising temperature lowers sectoral productivity in poor countries, especially in manufacturing and services. Third, emissions per capita/hours worked decrease with agriculture employment/hours share, but increase with manufacturing and services employment/hours share. We quantify a model of structural transformation consistent with these facts. Our model highlights that emissions hinder the reallocation of economic activities from less productive agriculture to more productive manufacturing and services, thereby lowering aggregate productivity. The model with emissions yields approximately 10% higher cross-country productivity differences, compared to the standard model without emissions.
일반주제명  
Education policy.
키워드  
Macro development
키워드  
College subsidies
키워드  
Higher initial earnings
키워드  
Higher disutility
키워드  
Structural transformation
기타저자  
New York University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-01A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30314844
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a379
■1001  ▼aHuang,  Yueling.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Macro  Development▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bNew  York  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(144  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Midrigan,  Virgiliu.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  two  essays  in  macro  development.Chapter  1  studies  the  aggregate  and  distributional  implications  of  college  subsidies  (e.g.:  Pell  grants)  expansion  by  explicitly  considering  college  major  choice  in  general  equilibrium.  First,  I  empirically  document  that  majors  chosen  by  poorer  students  exhibit  higher  initial  earnings,  lower  earnings  growth,  and  lower  earnings  risk.  I  then  build  a  general  equilibrium  heterogeneous  agent  life-cycle  model  with  uninsurable  idiosyncratic  risk  and  borrowing  constraints  calibrated  to  the  U.S.  economy.  Calibration  suggests  that  majors  chosen  by  poorer  students  also  have  higher  disutility.  Quantitatively,  I  find  that  unconditional  expansion  in  college  subsidies  is  not  sufficient  to  induce  poorer  students  to  switch  into  the  majors  that  richer  students  are  currently  choosing.  Keeping  the  total  subsidies  budget  equalized  across  experiments,  college  subsidies  conditional  on  majors  currently  chosen  by  the  poor  (e.g.:  STEM,  Health,  Education)  generate  higher  average  welfare  gains  than  unconditional  or  conditional  subsidies  on  majors  currently  chosen  by  the  rich.Chapter  2  is  joint  work  with  Qinzhuo  Gong.  We  explore  how  emissions  interact  with  multiple  sectors  (i.e.:  agriculture,  manufacturing,  services)  and  study  the  implications  of  such  interactions  for  structural  transformation,  aggregate  productivity,  and  cross-country  productivity  differences.  We  document  three  facts.  First,  services  produce  the  highest  share  of  emissions,  but  agriculture  and  manufacturing  have  higher  emissions  relative  to  their  sectoral  shares.  Second,  rising  temperature  lowers  sectoral  productivity  in  poor  countries,  especially  in  manufacturing  and  services.  Third,  emissions  per  capita/hours  worked  decrease  with  agriculture  employment/hours  share,  but  increase  with  manufacturing  and  services  employment/hours  share.  We  quantify  a  model  of  structural  transformation  consistent  with  these  facts.  Our  model  highlights  that  emissions  hinder  the  reallocation  of  economic  activities  from  less  productive  agriculture  to  more  productive  manufacturing  and  services,  thereby  lowering  aggregate  productivity.  The  model  with  emissions  yields  approximately  10%  higher  cross-country  productivity  differences,  compared  to  the  standard  model  without  emissions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aEducation  policy.
■653    ▼aMacro  development
■653    ▼aCollege  subsidies
■653    ▼aHigher  initial  earnings
■653    ▼aHigher  disutility
■653    ▼aStructural  transformation
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0458
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-01A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931573▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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