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Reducing the Burden of Road Traffic Injuries and Deaths in Ghana: An Implementation Science Approach- [electronic resource]
Reducing the Burden of Road Traffic Injuries and Deaths in Ghana: An Implementation Scienc...
Reducing the Burden of Road Traffic Injuries and Deaths in Ghana: An Implementation Science Approach- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101233
ISBN  
9798379912918
DDC  
614
저자명  
Mesic, Aldina.
서명/저자  
Reducing the Burden of Road Traffic Injuries and Deaths in Ghana: An Implementation Science Approach - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of Washington., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(201 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Feldacker, Caryl.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation comprises four studies that aim to develop contextually relevant evidence on high-risk areas and factors for targeted road traffic injury prevention initiatives in Ghana. We use an implementation science approach by conducting research to understand areas and populations at greater risk that may benefit from evidence-based policies and interventions. The first three studies use a longstanding database maintained by the Building and Road Research Institute of each police-reported motor vehicle collision, minor injury, severe injury, and death. The last study involves in-depth interviews with 24 people in high-risk areas of major roads in Ghana.In Chapter 1, we provide background on road traffic injuries and deaths, our research objectives, and our approach. In Chapter 2, we identify spatial-specific and precise (i.e., 100-meter locations) clusters of road traffic injury severity on major roads in rural and urban areas of Ghana using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in ArcGIS Pro. We map 35,109 road traffic events from 2017 to 2020 on major roads and weigh outcomes based on severity using a well-known injury severity index. We observed 223 hot spots in rural areas (6.2% of the road network) and 142 injury severity hot spots in urban areas (4.7%) of the road network to target for injury control. We find critical patterns in both types of hot spots, including that urban hot spots are often in the peripheral area of cities where major roads intersect, whereas rural hot spots are sporadic.In Chapter 3, we analyze spatiotemporal trends in road traffic injury severity, minor injuries, severe injuries, and deaths from 2005 to 2020 using space-time data mining tools (i.e., a space-time cube and emerging hot spot analysis) in ArcGIS Pro. We find the injury severity index and minor injuries significantly decreasing over the period while severe injuries and deaths are on the rise. We identify three specific 2 kilometers (km) by 2 km urban areas and 29 2 km by 2 km rural areas, which are intensifying, defined as hot spots for 90% of the 16 years and with increasing injury severity index scores.In Chapter 4, we use five years of data (2016 to 2020) to assess and compare factors associated with injury severity among vulnerable road users (VRUs), defined as those without external protection (e.g., pedestrians, powered two-wheeler occupants), to non-vulnerable. We find some factors that consistently increase the odds of severe outcomes, including head-on collisions, at night with no lights or the lights off, and in rural areas or villages. We also explore and compare VRU subgroups (powered two-wheeler occupants, powered three-wheeler occupants, cyclists, and pedestrians) and find substantial heterogeneity in the factors associated with injury severity. Findings indicate that a targeted and road user-specific injury prevention approach is warranted. Targeted interventions for each sub-group could include interventions related to nighttime risks (e.g., lighting, enforcement to reduce excessive speeding) for powered two-wheelers, improved regulation for passengers of powered three-wheelers, and pedestrian-oriented infrastructure.Lastly, Chapter 5 explores road user perspectives on the magnitude, contributing factors, and potential solutions for road traffic injuries and deaths. We find that participants feel excluded from road safety design, planning, and implementation efforts, despite their complex understanding of the problem's magnitude and contributing factors. An emerging theme was that socio-economic conditions affect increased risks related to road traffic collisions, injuries, and deaths. For example, participants noted that roadside sellers were at higher risk because of their precarious economic status, requiring them to spend substantial time on busy, high-speed roads. Participants describe key implementation issues related to existing interventions, such as a lack of enforcement at certain places or times and poorly designed and built speed calming measures. When prompted for potential solutions, many road users focused on road user behavior and the need for increased enforcement, reflecting a national and global emphasis on changing road user behavior. We call for greater community involvement in road safety to adapt interventions to meet local needs and for the government to acknowledge the gravity of this crisis and allocate resources accordingly.
일반주제명  
Public health.
일반주제명  
Transportation.
키워드  
Implementation science
키워드  
Injury prevention
키워드  
Road traffic crashes
키워드  
Injury severity
기타저자  
University of Washington Global Health
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-01A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMesic,  Aldina.
■24510▼aReducing  the  Burden  of  Road  Traffic  Injuries  and  Deaths  in  Ghana:  An  Implementation  Science  Approach▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  Washington.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(201  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Feldacker,  Caryl.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  comprises  four  studies  that  aim  to  develop  contextually  relevant  evidence  on  high-risk  areas  and  factors  for  targeted  road  traffic  injury  prevention  initiatives  in  Ghana.  We  use  an  implementation  science  approach  by  conducting  research  to  understand  areas  and  populations  at  greater  risk  that  may  benefit  from  evidence-based  policies  and  interventions.  The  first  three  studies  use  a  longstanding  database  maintained  by  the  Building  and  Road  Research  Institute  of  each  police-reported  motor  vehicle  collision,  minor  injury,  severe  injury,  and  death.  The  last  study  involves  in-depth  interviews  with  24  people  in  high-risk  areas  of  major  roads  in  Ghana.In  Chapter  1,  we  provide  background  on  road  traffic  injuries  and  deaths,  our  research  objectives,  and  our  approach.  In  Chapter  2,  we  identify  spatial-specific  and  precise  (i.e.,  100-meter  locations)  clusters  of  road  traffic  injury  severity  on  major  roads  in  rural  and  urban  areas  of  Ghana  using  the  Getis-Ord  Gi*  statistic  in  ArcGIS  Pro.  We  map  35,109  road  traffic  events  from  2017  to  2020  on  major  roads  and  weigh  outcomes  based  on  severity  using  a  well-known  injury  severity  index.  We  observed  223  hot  spots  in  rural  areas  (6.2%  of  the  road  network)  and  142  injury  severity  hot  spots  in  urban  areas  (4.7%)  of  the  road  network  to  target  for  injury  control.  We  find  critical  patterns  in  both  types  of  hot  spots,  including  that  urban  hot  spots  are  often  in  the  peripheral  area  of  cities  where  major  roads  intersect,  whereas  rural  hot  spots  are  sporadic.In  Chapter  3,  we  analyze  spatiotemporal  trends  in  road  traffic  injury  severity,  minor  injuries,  severe  injuries,  and  deaths  from  2005  to  2020  using  space-time  data  mining  tools  (i.e.,  a  space-time  cube  and  emerging  hot  spot  analysis)  in  ArcGIS  Pro.  We  find  the  injury  severity  index  and  minor  injuries  significantly  decreasing  over  the  period  while  severe  injuries  and  deaths  are  on  the  rise.  We  identify  three  specific  2  kilometers  (km)  by  2  km  urban  areas  and  29  2  km  by  2  km  rural  areas,  which  are  intensifying,  defined  as  hot  spots  for  90%  of  the  16  years  and  with  increasing  injury  severity  index  scores.In  Chapter  4,  we  use  five  years  of  data  (2016  to  2020)  to  assess  and  compare  factors  associated  with  injury  severity  among  vulnerable  road  users  (VRUs),  defined  as  those  without  external  protection  (e.g.,  pedestrians,  powered  two-wheeler  occupants),  to  non-vulnerable.  We  find  some  factors  that  consistently  increase  the  odds  of  severe  outcomes,  including  head-on  collisions,  at  night  with  no  lights  or  the  lights  off,  and  in  rural  areas  or  villages.  We  also  explore  and  compare  VRU  subgroups  (powered  two-wheeler  occupants,  powered  three-wheeler  occupants,  cyclists,  and  pedestrians)  and  find  substantial  heterogeneity  in  the  factors  associated  with  injury  severity.  Findings  indicate  that  a  targeted  and  road  user-specific  injury  prevention  approach  is  warranted.  Targeted  interventions  for  each  sub-group  could  include  interventions  related  to  nighttime  risks  (e.g.,  lighting,  enforcement  to  reduce  excessive  speeding)  for  powered  two-wheelers,  improved  regulation  for  passengers  of  powered  three-wheelers,  and  pedestrian-oriented  infrastructure.Lastly,  Chapter  5  explores  road  user  perspectives  on  the  magnitude,  contributing  factors,  and  potential  solutions  for  road  traffic  injuries  and  deaths.  We  find  that  participants  feel  excluded  from  road  safety  design,  planning,  and  implementation  efforts,  despite  their  complex  understanding  of  the  problem's  magnitude  and  contributing  factors.  An  emerging  theme  was  that  socio-economic  conditions  affect  increased  risks  related  to  road  traffic  collisions,  injuries,  and  deaths.  For  example,  participants  noted  that  roadside  sellers  were  at  higher  risk  because  of  their  precarious  economic  status,  requiring  them  to  spend  substantial  time  on  busy,  high-speed  roads.  Participants  describe  key  implementation  issues  related  to  existing  interventions,  such  as  a  lack  of  enforcement  at  certain  places  or  times  and  poorly  designed  and  built  speed  calming  measures.  When  prompted  for  potential  solutions,  many  road  users  focused  on  road  user  behavior  and  the  need  for  increased  enforcement,  reflecting  a  national  and  global  emphasis  on  changing  road  user  behavior.  We  call  for  greater  community  involvement  in  road  safety  to  adapt  interventions  to  meet  local  needs  and  for  the  government  to  acknowledge  the  gravity  of  this  crisis  and  allocate  resources  accordingly.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aPublic  health.
■650  4▼aTransportation.
■653    ▼aImplementation  science
■653    ▼aInjury  prevention
■653    ▼aRoad  traffic  crashes
■653    ▼aInjury  severity
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0709
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bGlobal  Health.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-01A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933329▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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