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Relations in Human Cognition- [electronic resource]
Relations in Human Cognition - [electronic resource]
Relations in Human Cognition- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101240
ISBN  
9798379723644
DDC  
153
저자명  
Ichien, Nicholas.
서명/저자  
Relations in Human Cognition - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Los Angeles., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(162 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Lu, Hongjing.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Human thinking relies on the ability to process relations between individuals, kinds, properties, and other relations. Explicit relation processing has been invoked to explain our ability to grasp 'cross-domain' analogies between situations whose similarity is driven by a shared relational structure, rather than any similarities among the relata populating each analog (e.g., between the solar system and an atom) and 'cross-modal' analogies between relata spanning different sensory modalities (e.g., sound and vision); generalize relational schemas, categories whose members share some canonical structure (e.g., things consisting of elements converging on a central location); or abstract rule-like sequences (e.g., an A-B-A sequence of syllables). At the same time, explicit relation processing requires that a reasoner simultaneously represent a set of individual relata and then bind them to a relational structure. This ability is slow to develop in childhood, and even among adults, it places high demands on working memory. Relations thus raise a tension between the expressive advantage they confer and the cognitive cost they impose, and this tension suggests that the human ability for relation processing does not imply its inevitable use, especially when less-demanding alternatives are available.The present dissertation confronts this tension and attempts to specify the computational mechanisms by which human reasoners process relations in the face of their cognitive demands. It presents novel research that clarifies how humans make use of explicitly relational thought instead of nonrelational alternatives. In Chapter 1, I start by examining the role of relations in comparison. Cognitive scientists researching analogy have generalized the processes governing analogical comparison, and the representations of relational structure that it operates on, to all comparison. A consequence of this view is that human reasoners make use of relations whenever they make any comparison. I test this claim and show that whereas relations do tend to underlie comparisons aimed at assessing similarity, they tend not to underlie assessments of difference. This asymmetry is consistent with recent accounts of a representational asymmetry between the relations same and different, in which different is represented as a negation of the relation same (i.e., different is represented as not-same). When judging difference, human reasoners are more likely to shift to simpler non-relational representations to ease working memory capacity. Having lent support to the claim that explicit similarity judgments do tend to incorporate relational information, I extend this claim to implicit similarity comparisons made during recognition in Chapter 2. When an agent attempts to assess whether they recognize a given stimulus, they make an implicit comparison between the perceptually available stimulus to a representation in memory. I show that when agents make this comparison, they tend to incorporate relational information; indeed, relations are available to serve as cues in human recognition memory.Finally, in Chapter 3, I examine a cognitive process, generative analogical inference, that integrates human reasoning and memory, investigated relatively independently in Chapters 1 and 2 respectively. I introduce a computational model of this process, in which a reasoner uses their prior knowledge of some familiar source domain to elaborate on some less-familiar target domain. This new model can reproduce human-like inference whether the relational structure that constrains inference is prespecified in the model input, as required by existing inference models, or are unspecified, unlike existing models. Across three simulations, I use comparisons between this model and a non-relational control model to clarify what relations contribute to the inference process. Specifically, relations promote far generalization across semantically distance analogs. My dissertation instantiates a framework for studying human relation processing that acknowledges both the expressive advantages that relations provide and the cognitive costs imposed by processing them.
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology.
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics.
키워드  
Concepts
키워드  
Memory
키워드  
Reasoning
키워드  
Human thinking
키워드  
Human relation
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aIchien,  Nicholas.
■24510▼aRelations  in  Human  Cognition▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(162  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lu,  Hongjing.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aHuman  thinking  relies  on  the  ability  to  process  relations  between  individuals,  kinds,  properties,  and  other  relations.  Explicit  relation  processing  has  been  invoked  to  explain  our  ability  to  grasp  'cross-domain'  analogies  between  situations  whose  similarity  is  driven  by  a  shared  relational  structure,  rather  than  any  similarities  among  the  relata  populating  each  analog  (e.g.,  between  the  solar  system  and  an  atom)  and  'cross-modal'  analogies  between  relata  spanning  different  sensory  modalities  (e.g.,  sound  and  vision);  generalize  relational  schemas,  categories  whose  members  share  some  canonical  structure  (e.g.,  things  consisting  of  elements  converging  on  a  central  location);  or  abstract  rule-like  sequences  (e.g.,  an  A-B-A  sequence  of  syllables).  At  the  same  time,  explicit  relation  processing  requires  that  a  reasoner  simultaneously  represent  a  set  of  individual  relata  and  then  bind  them  to  a  relational  structure.  This  ability  is  slow  to  develop  in  childhood,  and  even  among  adults,  it  places  high  demands  on  working  memory.  Relations  thus raise  a  tension  between  the  expressive  advantage  they  confer  and  the  cognitive  cost  they  impose,  and  this  tension  suggests  that  the  human  ability  for  relation  processing  does  not  imply  its  inevitable  use,  especially  when  less-demanding  alternatives  are  available.The  present  dissertation  confronts  this  tension  and  attempts  to  specify  the  computational  mechanisms  by  which  human  reasoners  process  relations  in  the  face  of  their  cognitive  demands.  It  presents  novel  research  that  clarifies  how  humans  make  use  of  explicitly  relational  thought  instead  of  nonrelational  alternatives.  In  Chapter  1,  I  start  by  examining  the  role  of  relations  in  comparison.  Cognitive  scientists  researching  analogy  have  generalized  the  processes  governing  analogical  comparison,  and  the  representations  of  relational  structure  that  it  operates  on,  to  all  comparison.  A  consequence  of  this  view  is  that  human  reasoners  make  use  of  relations  whenever  they  make  any  comparison.  I  test  this  claim  and  show  that  whereas  relations  do  tend  to  underlie  comparisons  aimed  at  assessing  similarity,  they  tend  not  to  underlie  assessments  of  difference.  This  asymmetry  is  consistent  with  recent  accounts  of  a  representational  asymmetry  between  the  relations  same  and  different,  in  which  different  is  represented  as  a  negation  of  the  relation  same  (i.e.,  different  is  represented  as  not-same).  When  judging  difference,  human  reasoners  are  more  likely  to  shift  to  simpler  non-relational  representations  to  ease  working  memory  capacity. Having  lent  support  to  the  claim  that  explicit  similarity  judgments  do  tend  to  incorporate  relational  information,  I  extend  this  claim  to  implicit  similarity  comparisons  made  during  recognition  in  Chapter  2.  When  an  agent  attempts  to  assess  whether  they  recognize  a  given  stimulus,  they  make  an  implicit  comparison  between  the  perceptually  available  stimulus  to  a  representation  in  memory.  I  show  that  when  agents  make  this  comparison,  they  tend  to  incorporate  relational  information;  indeed,  relations  are  available  to  serve  as  cues  in  human  recognition  memory.Finally,  in  Chapter  3,  I  examine  a  cognitive  process,  generative  analogical  inference,  that  integrates  human  reasoning  and  memory,  investigated  relatively  independently  in  Chapters  1  and  2  respectively.  I  introduce  a  computational  model  of  this  process,  in  which  a  reasoner  uses  their  prior  knowledge  of  some  familiar  source  domain  to  elaborate  on  some  less-familiar  target  domain.  This  new  model  can  reproduce  human-like  inference  whether  the  relational  structure  that  constrains  inference  is  prespecified  in  the  model  input,  as  required  by  existing  inference  models,  or  are  unspecified,  unlike  existing  models.  Across  three  simulations,  I  use  comparisons  between  this  model  and  a  non-relational  control  model  to  clarify  what  relations  contribute  to  the  inference  process.  Specifically,  relations  promote  far  generalization  across  semantically  distance  analogs.  My  dissertation  instantiates  a  framework  for  studying  human  relation  processing  that  acknowledges  both  the  expressive  advantages  that  relations  provide  and  the  cognitive  costs  imposed  by  processing  them.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology.
■650  4▼aBioinformatics.
■653    ▼aConcepts
■653    ▼aMemory
■653    ▼aReasoning
■653    ▼aHuman  thinking
■653    ▼aHuman  relation
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bPsychology  0780.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933385▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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