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Understanding the Structure and Function of Human Brain with Machine Learning- [electronic resource]
Understanding the Structure and Function of Human Brain with Machine Learning - [electroni...
Understanding the Structure and Function of Human Brain with Machine Learning- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101244
ISBN  
9798380315142
DDC  
620
저자명  
Gu, Zijin.
서명/저자  
Understanding the Structure and Function of Human Brain with Machine Learning - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Cornell University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(248 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kuceyeski, Amy.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have enabled researchers to investigate the human brain at unprecedented levels of detail. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a powerful tool for studying brain activity and connectivity. However, the complexity of fMRI data poses significant challenges for analysis and interpretation, requiring the development of novel computational approaches. This thesis aims to contribute to this field by investigating two key aspects related to fMRI analysis, connectivity and activity, drawing on insights from machine learning (ML), computer vision, and neuroscience. The first part of this thesis focuses on fMRI connectivity analysis. It is a common assumption about the brain that white matter structural connections are likely to support flow of functional activation or functional connectivity. While the relationship between structural (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) profiles, here called SC-FC coupling, has been studied on a whole-brain, global level, few studies have investigated this relationship at a regional scale. In this part, we quantify regional SC-FC coupling in healthy young adults using diffusion-weighted MRI and resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and study how SC-FC coupling may be heritable and vary between individuals. We show that regional SC-FC coupling strength varies widely across brain regions, but was strongest in highly structurally connected visual and subcortical areas. We also show inter-individual regional differences based on age, sex and composite cognitive scores, and that SC-FC coupling is highly heritable within certain networks. Our results suggest regional structure-function coupling is an idiosyncratic feature of brain organisation that may be influenced by genetic factors.The second part of this thesis aims to investigate human brain's regional activation selectivity and inter-individual differences in human brain responses to various visual stimuli. Building computational encoding models that map images to neural responses is one way to pursue this goal. Moreover, generating or selecting visual stimuli designed to achieve specific patterns of responses allows exploration and control of neuronal firing rates or regional brain activity responses. Towards this end, we propose a computational strategy framework, called NeuroGen, to combine the neural encoding model with state-of-the-art generative model and produce high fidelity images that can achieve targeted brain activation patterns. We first show that NeuroGen can serve as a robust discovery architecture for visual neuroscience, including differences in regional and individual human brain response patterns to visual stimuli. We next explore different personalized encoding model architectures, and propose an ensemble approach that has the best balance between model accuracy and the ability to preserve patterns of inter-individual differences in the image-response relationship, to be plugged in NeuroGen for individual level image synthesis. The NeuroGen framework is validated with two fMRI experiments, where we show the selected natural images and generated synthetic images to new subjects and collected their brain responses to these visual stimuli. The results demonstrate that data-driven and generative modeling framework can be leveraged to probe inter-individual differences in and functional specialization of the human visual system. And for the first time, we indicate that NeuroGen can be used to modulate macro-scale brain regions in specific individuals using synthetically generated visual stimuli. Finally, the last section of the second part presents a surface-based convolutional network for reconstructing natural image stimuli from fMRI data. We show that taking advantage of the spatial organization of the brain's cortical surface can improve the accuracy of decoding, and achieve state-of-the-art performance. Overall, the work presented in this thesis contributes to the field of neuroscience by advancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying perception and cognition. Specifically, it demonstrates the importance of regional structure-function coupling of the brain, and highlights the potential of ML techniques for understanding the relationship between external stimuli and human brain responses. These findings have implications for a wide range of fields, from fundamental neuroscience research to clinical applications such as neuroimaging-based diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. This thesis underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations between neuroscience and ML, and provides a foundation for further advancements in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
일반주제명  
Engineering.
일반주제명  
Nanoscience.
일반주제명  
Medical imaging.
키워드  
Brain connectivity
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Magnetic resonance imaging
키워드  
Neural coding
키워드  
Neuroimaging
기타저자  
Cornell University Electrical and Computer Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aGu,  Zijin.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-0385-2677
■24510▼aUnderstanding  the  Structure  and  Function  of  Human  Brain  with  Machine  Learning▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bCornell  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(248  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kuceyeski,  Amy.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aRecent  advances  in  neuroimaging  techniques  have  enabled  researchers  to  investigate  the  human  brain  at  unprecedented  levels  of  detail.  In  particular,  functional  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (fMRI)  has  become  a  powerful  tool  for  studying  brain  activity  and  connectivity.  However,  the  complexity  of  fMRI  data  poses  significant  challenges  for  analysis  and  interpretation,  requiring  the  development  of  novel  computational  approaches.  This  thesis  aims  to  contribute  to  this  field  by  investigating  two  key  aspects  related  to  fMRI  analysis,  connectivity  and  activity,  drawing  on  insights  from  machine  learning  (ML),  computer  vision,  and  neuroscience.  The  first  part  of  this  thesis  focuses  on  fMRI  connectivity  analysis.  It  is  a  common  assumption  about  the  brain  that  white  matter  structural  connections  are  likely  to  support  flow  of  functional  activation  or  functional  connectivity.  While  the  relationship  between  structural  (SC)  and  functional  connectivity  (FC)  profiles,  here  called  SC-FC  coupling,  has  been  studied  on  a  whole-brain,  global  level,  few  studies  have  investigated  this  relationship  at  a  regional  scale.  In  this  part,  we  quantify  regional  SC-FC  coupling  in  healthy  young  adults  using  diffusion-weighted  MRI  and  resting-state  functional  MRI  data  from  the  Human  Connectome  Project  (HCP)  and  study  how  SC-FC  coupling  may  be  heritable  and  vary  between  individuals.  We  show  that  regional  SC-FC  coupling  strength  varies  widely  across  brain  regions,  but  was  strongest  in  highly  structurally  connected  visual  and  subcortical  areas.  We  also  show  inter-individual  regional  differences  based  on  age,  sex  and  composite  cognitive  scores,  and  that  SC-FC  coupling  is  highly  heritable  within  certain  networks.  Our  results  suggest  regional  structure-function  coupling  is  an  idiosyncratic  feature  of  brain  organisation  that  may  be  influenced  by  genetic  factors.The  second  part  of  this  thesis  aims  to  investigate  human  brain's  regional  activation  selectivity  and  inter-individual  differences  in  human  brain  responses  to  various  visual  stimuli.  Building  computational  encoding  models  that  map  images  to  neural  responses  is  one  way  to  pursue  this  goal.  Moreover,  generating  or  selecting  visual  stimuli  designed  to  achieve  specific  patterns  of  responses  allows  exploration  and  control  of  neuronal  firing  rates  or  regional  brain  activity  responses.  Towards  this  end,  we  propose  a  computational  strategy  framework,  called  NeuroGen,  to  combine  the  neural  encoding  model  with  state-of-the-art  generative  model  and  produce  high  fidelity  images  that  can  achieve  targeted  brain  activation  patterns.  We  first  show  that  NeuroGen  can  serve  as  a  robust  discovery  architecture  for  visual  neuroscience,  including  differences  in  regional  and  individual  human  brain  response  patterns  to  visual  stimuli.  We  next  explore  different  personalized  encoding  model  architectures,  and  propose  an  ensemble  approach  that  has  the  best  balance  between  model  accuracy  and  the  ability  to  preserve  patterns  of  inter-individual  differences  in  the  image-response  relationship,  to  be  plugged  in  NeuroGen  for  individual  level  image  synthesis.  The  NeuroGen  framework  is  validated  with  two  fMRI  experiments,  where  we  show  the  selected  natural  images  and  generated  synthetic  images  to  new  subjects  and  collected  their  brain  responses  to  these  visual  stimuli.  The  results  demonstrate  that  data-driven  and  generative  modeling  framework  can  be  leveraged  to  probe  inter-individual  differences  in  and  functional  specialization  of  the  human  visual  system.  And  for  the  first  time,  we  indicate  that  NeuroGen  can  be  used  to  modulate  macro-scale  brain  regions  in  specific  individuals  using  synthetically  generated  visual  stimuli.  Finally,  the  last  section  of  the  second  part  presents  a  surface-based  convolutional  network  for  reconstructing  natural  image  stimuli  from  fMRI  data.  We  show  that  taking  advantage  of  the  spatial  organization  of  the  brain's  cortical  surface  can  improve  the  accuracy  of  decoding,  and  achieve  state-of-the-art  performance.  Overall,  the  work  presented  in  this  thesis  contributes  to  the  field  of  neuroscience  by  advancing  our  understanding  of  the  neural  mechanisms  underlying  perception  and  cognition.  Specifically,  it  demonstrates  the  importance  of  regional  structure-function  coupling  of  the  brain,  and  highlights  the  potential  of  ML  techniques  for  understanding  the  relationship  between  external  stimuli  and  human  brain  responses.  These  findings  have  implications  for  a  wide  range  of  fields,  from  fundamental  neuroscience  research  to  clinical  applications  such  as  neuroimaging-based  diagnosis  and  treatment  of  neurological  disorders.  This  thesis  underscores  the  importance  of  interdisciplinary  collaborations  between  neuroscience  and  ML,  and  provides  a  foundation  for  further  advancements  in  this  exciting  and  rapidly  evolving  field.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aEngineering.
■650  4▼aNanoscience.
■650  4▼aMedical  imaging.
■653    ▼aBrain  connectivity
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aMagnetic  resonance  imaging
■653    ▼aNeural  coding
■653    ▼aNeuroimaging
■690    ▼a0537
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0565
■690    ▼a0574
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bElectrical  and  Computer  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933420▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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