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The Molecular Interplay and Evolution of Promoter-Proximal Pausing and Its Relationship to Histone Modifications- [electronic resource]
The Molecular Interplay and Evolution of Promoter-Proximal Pausing and Its Relationship to...
The Molecular Interplay and Evolution of Promoter-Proximal Pausing and Its Relationship to Histone Modifications- [electronic resource]

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100107
ISBN  
9798379711825
DDC  
575
저자명  
Chivu, Alexandra Georgiana.
서명/저자  
The Molecular Interplay and Evolution of Promoter-Proximal Pausing and Its Relationship to Histone Modifications - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Cornell University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(209 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Danko, Charles G.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Gene regulation is a crucial aspect of cellular biology, and promoter-proximal pausing of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) plays a critical role in this process. During pausing, Pol II stalls 20-50bp downstream from transcription start sites and is regulated by a complex interplay between internal and external cues, including interactions with the NELF and DSIF protein complexes. In turn, Pol II pausing is known to influence chromatin processes such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). To better understand the relationship between PTMs and transcription, we developed a machine learning tool that predicts histone marks abundance using PRO-seq data with high accuracy. Our results suggest that active histone modifications are highly correlated with transcription, implying that histone marks may play a role in regulating transcription or that transcription may impact the placement of these marks. We further explored this relationship by perturbing transcription using drug treatments and observed that most active marks were lost at transcription start sites within one hour of treatment, supporting a transcription-centric model.Next, we sought to investigate the evolution of pausing as an essential step enabling a novel layer of transcription control in metazoans. To accomplish this, we measured nascent transcription in 20 extant organisms representing diverse branches in the tree of life. We found that pausing first evolved in a common ancestor of Metazoans and coinciding with the evolution of NELF. In mammals, depletion of NELF by degron tagging reverts a "focal" pause to an ancestral "proto-paused"-like state observed in plants that is driven in part by DNA sequence. We propose that the evolution of a localized Pol II promoter-proximal pausing resulted in the collapse of a rate-limiting step in transcription to a single location at each gene. Using the well-established heat shock system, we show that this centralization of Pol II signal at a pause site allows transcription factors to release Pol II into productive elongation, providing a new target for gene-specific regulation. Our findings provide new insights into gene regulation and the evolution of regulatory complexity, which may have enabled the evolution of complex multicellular organisms.
일반주제명  
Genetics.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology.
일반주제명  
Molecular chemistry.
키워드  
Histone
키워드  
RNA Polymerase II
키워드  
Gene regulation
키워드  
Post-translational modifications
키워드  
DNA sequence
기타저자  
Cornell University Genetics Genomics and Development
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30419608
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a575
■1001  ▼aChivu,  Alexandra  Georgiana.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-8875-3530
■24510▼aThe  Molecular  Interplay  and  Evolution  of  Promoter-Proximal  Pausing  and  Its  Relationship  to  Histone  Modifications▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bCornell  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(209  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Danko,  Charles  G.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aGene  regulation  is  a  crucial  aspect  of  cellular  biology,  and  promoter-proximal  pausing  of  RNA  Polymerase  II  (Pol  II)  plays  a  critical  role  in  this  process.  During  pausing,  Pol  II  stalls  20-50bp  downstream  from  transcription  start  sites  and  is  regulated  by  a  complex  interplay  between  internal  and  external  cues,  including  interactions  with  the  NELF  and  DSIF  protein  complexes.  In  turn,  Pol  II  pausing  is  known  to  influence  chromatin  processes  such  as  histone  post-translational  modifications  (PTMs).  To  better  understand  the  relationship  between  PTMs  and  transcription,  we  developed  a  machine  learning  tool  that  predicts  histone  marks  abundance  using  PRO-seq  data  with  high  accuracy.  Our  results  suggest  that  active  histone  modifications  are  highly  correlated  with  transcription,  implying  that  histone  marks  may  play  a  role  in  regulating  transcription  or  that  transcription  may  impact  the  placement  of  these  marks.  We  further  explored  this  relationship  by  perturbing  transcription  using  drug  treatments  and  observed  that  most  active  marks  were  lost  at  transcription  start  sites  within  one  hour  of  treatment,  supporting  a  transcription-centric  model.Next,  we  sought  to  investigate  the  evolution  of  pausing  as  an  essential  step  enabling  a  novel  layer  of  transcription  control  in  metazoans.  To  accomplish  this,  we  measured  nascent  transcription  in  20  extant  organisms  representing  diverse  branches  in  the  tree  of  life.  We  found  that  pausing  first  evolved  in  a  common  ancestor  of  Metazoans  and  coinciding  with  the  evolution  of  NELF.  In  mammals,  depletion  of  NELF  by  degron  tagging  reverts  a  "focal"  pause  to  an  ancestral  "proto-paused"-like  state  observed  in  plants  that  is  driven  in  part  by  DNA  sequence.  We  propose  that  the  evolution  of  a  localized  Pol  II  promoter-proximal  pausing  resulted  in  the  collapse  of  a  rate-limiting  step  in  transcription  to  a  single  location  at  each  gene.  Using  the  well-established  heat  shock  system,  we  show  that  this  centralization  of  Pol  II  signal  at  a  pause  site  allows  transcription  factors  to  release  Pol  II  into  productive  elongation,  providing  a  new  target  for  gene-specific  regulation.  Our  findings  provide  new  insights  into  gene  regulation  and  the  evolution  of  regulatory  complexity,  which  may  have  enabled  the  evolution  of  complex  multicellular  organisms.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aGenetics.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
■650  4▼aMolecular  chemistry.
■653    ▼aHistone
■653    ▼aRNA  Polymerase  II
■653    ▼aGene  regulation
■653    ▼aPost-translational  modifications
■653    ▼aDNA  sequence
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0431
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bGenetics,  Genomics  and  Development.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931714▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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