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Understanding Patterning in the Early Fly Embryo by Transcriptional Activators Through the Lens of Theoretical Models, Live Quantitative Microscopy, and Synthetic Biology- [electronic resource]
Understanding Patterning in the Early Fly Embryo by Transcriptional Activators Through the...
Understanding Patterning in the Early Fly Embryo by Transcriptional Activators Through the Lens of Theoretical Models, Live Quantitative Microscopy, and Synthetic Biology- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100318
ISBN  
9798380621120
DDC  
574.191
저자명  
Reimer, Armando.
서명/저자  
Understanding Patterning in the Early Fly Embryo by Transcriptional Activators Through the Lens of Theoretical Models, Live Quantitative Microscopy, and Synthetic Biology - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(171 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Garcia, Hernan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Drosophila melanogaster has been a key model organism in the study of animal development for many decades. Since the revolutionary Nobel Prize winning work of Christiane Nusslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus in the 1970's, we have understood that developmental patterning proceeds in stages wherein morphogen gradients provide the information to specify segments that give rise to distinct physiological compartments in the organism. However, knowing the genes involved and the qualitative features of developmental processes is only the first step on the road to truly understanding animal development. Detailed quantitative studies enabled by recent technological advances may allow us to go a step further and develop a predictive understanding of development and perhaps even engineer new developmental processes. As the Nobel Prize winning physicist Richard Feynman said, "What I cannot create, I do not understand." This simple idea was the driving force behind most of the work presented in this thesis. Standing on the shoulders of the giants in developmental biology, I have sought to create simple synthetic gene regulatory regions in the early fly embryo that are amenable to quantitative theoretical dissection. In addition, I have pursued experiments to challenge the theoretical assumptions underlying these models, namely how binding of activators leads to transcriptional activation and also developed new tools to enable these theoretical studies.We have developed a minimal synthetic enhancer containing a single Dorsal binding site for the Dorsal activator as a tool for theoretical dissection of transcriptional regulation in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo. We found that a simple, theoretical model of transcriptional dynamics is sufficient to explain the fraction of loci in the embryo that engage in transcription and the timing of their transcription.I also investigated transcription by Bicoid driven minimal synthetic enhancers. In contrast to the Dorsal activator, a single Bicoid binding site was found to be less capable of specifying positional information in the embryo, perhaps due to its extremely rapid on rates, which we measured during our binding studies on the lattice light sheet. Nonetheless, we made headway in developing a synthetic platform for studying the Bicoid activator, chiefly by creating transcription factor 'neutral' reporter sequences which do not bind other early embryonic transcription factors. Further study will be required to push the Bicoid synthetic platform to investigate similar questions possible using the Dorsal activator.In addition to studying transcription driven by the Bicoid activator, we studied its binding kinetics in living embryos in an effort to shine light on assumptions about the binding events that precede transcriptional activation. We have pushed the envelope of the in vivo imaging of developing organisms by using the lattice light sheet microscope to probe the binding kinetics of single Bicoid molecules to the fly genome. We discovered that, contrary to expectations, Bicoid tends to bind in spatially localized clusters in the nucleus, and that these clusters facilitate binding to low-affinity clusters in the posterior embryo. Furthermore, the transcriptional pioneering factor Zelda is necessary for this clustering behavior and potentiates binding along the full length of the anteroposterior axis.Finally, we developed tools for quantitative studies in the early fly embryo. During the course of many other projects, including the ones outlined above, we have found that precise levels of maternally deposited proteins in the early embryo are often critical to quantitative studies, but there is a dearth of 'tunable' maternal promoter sequences available with well-characterized behaviors. We thus sought to develop such promoters, leading to the creation and characterization of promoters capable of driving the expression of maternally deposited proteins spanning several orders of magnitude in concentration. We additionally explored the effects of genomic location on the expression levels of our modular maternal promoters expression levels, which should expand their utility in the future. Lastly, we developed methods for calibrating measured fluorescence values from microscopy images into absolute numbers of molecules, an invaluable tool in quantitative studies.To summarize, the experiments presented in this thesis lay the foundations for studying transcription in development with high spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative precision, contributing to a thoroughly predictive understanding of developmental processes.
일반주제명  
Biophysics.
일반주제명  
Developmental biology.
일반주제명  
Molecular chemistry.
키워드  
Drosophila melanogaster
키워드  
Embryo
키워드  
Transcription
키워드  
Transcriptional regulation
키워드  
Developmental patterning
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008240612s2021      us  |||||||||||||||c||eng  d
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■020    ▼a9798380621120
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI28717713
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574.191
■1001  ▼aReimer,  Armando.
■24510▼aUnderstanding  Patterning  in  the  Early  Fly  Embryo  by  Transcriptional  Activators  Through  the  Lens  of  Theoretical  Models,  Live  Quantitative  Microscopy,  and  Synthetic  Biology▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(171  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Garcia,  Hernan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aDrosophila  melanogaster  has  been  a  key  model  organism  in  the  study  of  animal  development  for  many  decades.  Since  the  revolutionary  Nobel  Prize  winning  work  of  Christiane  Nusslein-Volhard  and  Eric  Wieschaus  in  the  1970's,  we  have  understood  that  developmental  patterning  proceeds  in  stages  wherein  morphogen  gradients  provide  the  information  to  specify  segments  that  give  rise  to  distinct  physiological  compartments  in  the  organism.  However,  knowing  the  genes  involved  and  the  qualitative  features  of  developmental  processes  is  only  the  first  step  on  the  road  to  truly  understanding  animal  development.  Detailed  quantitative  studies  enabled  by  recent  technological  advances  may  allow  us  to  go  a  step  further  and  develop  a  predictive  understanding  of  development  and  perhaps  even  engineer  new  developmental  processes.  As  the  Nobel  Prize  winning  physicist  Richard  Feynman  said,  "What  I  cannot  create,  I  do  not  understand."  This  simple  idea  was  the  driving  force  behind  most  of  the  work  presented  in  this  thesis.  Standing  on  the  shoulders  of  the  giants  in  developmental  biology,  I  have  sought  to  create  simple  synthetic  gene  regulatory  regions  in  the  early  fly  embryo  that  are  amenable  to  quantitative  theoretical  dissection.  In  addition,  I  have  pursued  experiments  to  challenge  the  theoretical  assumptions  underlying  these  models,  namely  how  binding  of  activators  leads  to  transcriptional  activation  and  also  developed  new  tools  to  enable  these  theoretical  studies.We  have  developed  a  minimal  synthetic  enhancer  containing  a  single  Dorsal  binding  site  for  the  Dorsal  activator  as  a  tool  for  theoretical  dissection  of  transcriptional  regulation  in  the  early  Drosophila  melanogaster  embryo.  We  found  that  a  simple,  theoretical  model  of  transcriptional  dynamics  is  sufficient  to  explain  the  fraction  of  loci  in  the  embryo  that  engage  in  transcription  and  the  timing  of  their  transcription.I  also  investigated  transcription  by  Bicoid  driven  minimal  synthetic  enhancers.  In  contrast  to  the  Dorsal  activator,  a  single  Bicoid  binding  site  was  found  to  be  less  capable  of  specifying  positional  information  in  the  embryo,  perhaps  due  to  its  extremely  rapid  on  rates,  which  we  measured  during  our  binding  studies  on  the  lattice  light  sheet.  Nonetheless,  we  made  headway  in  developing  a  synthetic  platform  for  studying  the  Bicoid  activator,  chiefly  by  creating  transcription  factor  'neutral'  reporter  sequences  which  do  not  bind  other  early  embryonic  transcription  factors.  Further  study  will  be  required  to  push  the  Bicoid  synthetic  platform  to  investigate  similar  questions  possible  using  the  Dorsal  activator.In  addition  to  studying  transcription  driven  by  the  Bicoid  activator,  we  studied  its  binding  kinetics  in  living  embryos  in  an  effort  to  shine  light  on  assumptions  about  the  binding  events  that  precede  transcriptional  activation.  We  have  pushed  the  envelope  of  the  in  vivo  imaging  of  developing  organisms  by  using  the  lattice  light  sheet  microscope  to  probe  the  binding  kinetics  of  single  Bicoid  molecules  to  the  fly  genome.  We  discovered  that,  contrary  to  expectations,  Bicoid  tends  to  bind  in  spatially  localized  clusters  in  the  nucleus,  and  that  these  clusters  facilitate  binding  to  low-affinity  clusters  in  the  posterior  embryo.  Furthermore,  the  transcriptional  pioneering  factor  Zelda  is  necessary  for  this  clustering  behavior  and  potentiates  binding  along  the  full  length  of  the  anteroposterior  axis.Finally,  we  developed  tools  for  quantitative  studies  in  the  early  fly  embryo.  During  the  course  of  many  other  projects,  including  the  ones  outlined  above,  we  have  found  that  precise  levels  of  maternally  deposited  proteins  in  the  early  embryo  are  often  critical  to  quantitative  studies,  but  there  is  a  dearth  of  'tunable'  maternal  promoter  sequences  available  with  well-characterized  behaviors.  We  thus  sought  to  develop  such  promoters,  leading  to  the  creation  and  characterization  of  promoters  capable  of  driving  the  expression  of  maternally  deposited  proteins  spanning  several  orders  of  magnitude  in  concentration.  We  additionally  explored  the  effects  of  genomic  location  on  the  expression  levels  of  our  modular  maternal  promoters  expression  levels,  which  should  expand  their  utility  in  the  future.  Lastly,  we  developed  methods  for  calibrating  measured  fluorescence  values  from  microscopy  images  into  absolute  numbers  of  molecules,  an  invaluable  tool  in  quantitative  studies.To  summarize,  the  experiments  presented  in  this  thesis  lay  the  foundations  for  studying  transcription  in  development  with  high  spatiotemporal  resolution  and  quantitative  precision,  contributing  to  a  thoroughly  predictive  understanding  of  developmental  processes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aBiophysics.
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology.
■650  4▼aMolecular  chemistry.
■653    ▼aDrosophila  melanogaster
■653    ▼aEmbryo
■653    ▼aTranscription
■653    ▼aTranscriptional  regulation
■653    ▼aDevelopmental  patterning
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0758
■690    ▼a0431
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bBiophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-04B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931868▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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