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Controls on Inorganic Calcite Growth From the Nano to Field Scale- [electronic resource]
Controls on Inorganic Calcite Growth From the Nano to Field Scale - [electronic resource]
Controls on Inorganic Calcite Growth From the Nano to Field Scale- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214095851
ISBN  
9798380621243
DDC  
551
저자명  
Mills, Jennifer Victoria.
서명/저자  
Controls on Inorganic Calcite Growth From the Nano to Field Scale - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(272 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Lammers, Laura N.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation focuses on two aspects of biogeochemical cycling essential for our understanding of future carbon cycle trajectories and carbon dioxide removal strategies: carbonate crystal growth and soil carbon cycling. In the first two chapters, I develop the use of calcium isotopes as molecular probes that shed light on the complicated suite of processes occurring at the fluid-mineral interface during crystal growth. The solution stoichiometry dependence of calcium isotope fractionation is first investigated as a direct test of classical ion-by-ion models of isotope partitioning during calcite growth (Chapter 2). Fractionations measured through a series of constant-composition calcite growth experiments are well-captured by an ion-by-ion model that incorporates the influence of surface speciation. This provides strong supporting evidence for the model of calcium isotope discrimination driven by Ca exchange at kink sites on the growing crystal surface and yields much-needed constraints on the solution chemistry dependence of Δ44/40Ca, critical for the interpretation of Ca isotopes in natural systems. Model predictions of the relationship between Δ44/40Ca and growth inhibition in the presence of impurity ions then lay the theoretical groundwork for the use of Ca isotopes to probe interfacial processes during carbonate crystal growth.In Chapter 3, I operationalize this new tool, employing calcium isotope fractionation to help elucidate the mechanism by which two divalent cations with starkly contrasting compatibility, magnesium and manganese, interact with the growing calcite surface and are ultimately incorporated into the mineral lattice. Invariant Δ44/40Ca with increasing {Mn2+}/{Ca2+} and {Mg2+}/{Ca2+}, despite more than an order of magnitude decline in growth rate, is indicative of a dominantly kink blocking inhibition mechanism. For Mg2+, experimental trends are consistent with inhibition driven by slow Mg2+-aquo complex dehydration relative to Ca2+, but large Mn2+ partition coefficients cannot be explained by desolvation rate-limited attachment of Mn2+. Instead, I argue that the dominant Mn2+ species interacting with kink sites is not the free ion in solution but instead an ion pair, hydrated species, or possibly larger polynuclear cluster and that growth kinetics are limited by a carbonate-based kink blocking mechanism. These findings raise questions about the prevalence and broader ramifications of non-monomer trace constituent incorporation during otherwise classical crystal growth.In the second half of the dissertation, I turn to carbon cycling at the field scale, investigating the controls on soil carbon cycling and soil-atmosphere CO2 exchange in the Mojave Desert. Arid soils can contain significant concentrations of inorganic carbon in the form of pedogenic carbonate, but the short-timescale dynamics of the soil inorganic carbon system and its impact on CO2 fluxes remains poorly constrained. I present results from a multi-year field campaign, including two years of continuous measurements of meteorological and soil conditions from a series of soils along a climate/elevation gradient. In Chapter 4, I focus on unpacking the primary controls on CO2 production in these highly water-limited ecosystems, and develop quantitative models to describe how the sensitivity of CO2 production to environmental conditions varies with depth in the soil profile and spatially on scales of meters to kilometers. Significant nighttime CO2 pulse events observed in near-surface soils of the more densely vegetated, higher elevation, sites are also explored and provisionally linked to microbial activity stimulated by the delivery of non-rainfall moisture to the litter layer and surficial soils.In Chapter 5, I discuss the causes and consequences of two types of CO2 consumption documented at the lowest elevation, most arid site: periods of frequent negative nighttime surface fluxes during the dry season and acute episodes of CO2 uptake following rain events. The negative surface fluxes are driven by almost continuous nighttime CO2 consumption in shallow soil layers (0-15cm depth), the magnitude of which is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the diurnal soil temperature oscillation. Quantitative evaluation of potential driving mechanisms suggests that thermal impacts on the soil carbonate system alone cannot produce the magnitude of consumption observed, and that temperature-dependent CO2 adsorption to soil minerals may also contribute to an abiotic diurnal cycle of CO2 uptake and release in these desert soils. In contrast, the CO2 uptake observed following rain events is consistent with CO2 consumption due to carbonate mineral dissolution, potentially augmented by near-surface biotic carbon fixation. I end with a discussion of the broader implications of the documented inorganic CO2 fluxes for the interpretation of carbon dynamics in arid ecosystems.
일반주제명  
Geochemistry.
일반주제명  
Biogeochemistry.
일반주제명  
Soil sciences.
일반주제명  
Environmental science.
키워드  
Calcium isotope fractionation
키워드  
Carbonate
키워드  
Crystal growth
키워드  
Kinetic isotope effect
키워드  
Soil carbon cycling
키워드  
Soil respiration
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Environmental Science Policy & Management
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798380621243
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI28717260
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a551
■1001  ▼aMills,  Jennifer  Victoria.
■24510▼aControls  on  Inorganic  Calcite  Growth  From  the  Nano  to  Field  Scale▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(272  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-04,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lammers,  Laura  N.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  focuses  on  two  aspects  of  biogeochemical  cycling  essential  for  our  understanding  of  future  carbon  cycle  trajectories  and  carbon  dioxide  removal  strategies:  carbonate  crystal  growth  and  soil  carbon  cycling.  In  the  first  two  chapters,  I  develop  the  use  of  calcium  isotopes  as  molecular  probes  that  shed  light  on  the  complicated  suite  of  processes  occurring  at  the  fluid-mineral  interface  during  crystal  growth.  The  solution  stoichiometry  dependence  of  calcium  isotope  fractionation  is  first  investigated  as  a  direct  test  of  classical  ion-by-ion  models  of  isotope  partitioning  during  calcite  growth  (Chapter  2).  Fractionations  measured  through  a  series  of  constant-composition  calcite  growth  experiments  are  well-captured  by  an  ion-by-ion  model  that  incorporates  the  influence  of  surface  speciation.  This  provides  strong  supporting  evidence  for  the  model  of  calcium  isotope  discrimination  driven  by  Ca  exchange  at  kink  sites  on  the  growing  crystal  surface  and  yields  much-needed  constraints  on  the  solution  chemistry  dependence  of  Δ44/40Ca,  critical  for  the  interpretation  of  Ca  isotopes  in  natural  systems.  Model  predictions  of  the  relationship  between  Δ44/40Ca  and  growth  inhibition  in  the  presence  of  impurity  ions  then  lay  the  theoretical  groundwork  for  the  use  of  Ca  isotopes  to  probe  interfacial  processes  during  carbonate  crystal  growth.In  Chapter  3,  I  operationalize  this  new  tool,  employing  calcium  isotope  fractionation  to  help  elucidate  the  mechanism  by  which  two  divalent  cations  with  starkly  contrasting  compatibility,  magnesium  and  manganese,  interact  with  the  growing  calcite  surface  and  are  ultimately  incorporated  into  the  mineral  lattice.  Invariant  Δ44/40Ca  with  increasing  {Mn2+}/{Ca2+}  and  {Mg2+}/{Ca2+},  despite  more  than  an  order  of  magnitude  decline  in  growth  rate,  is  indicative  of  a  dominantly  kink  blocking  inhibition  mechanism.  For  Mg2+,  experimental  trends  are  consistent  with  inhibition  driven  by  slow  Mg2+-aquo  complex  dehydration  relative  to  Ca2+,  but  large  Mn2+  partition  coefficients  cannot  be  explained  by  desolvation  rate-limited  attachment  of  Mn2+.  Instead,  I  argue  that  the  dominant  Mn2+  species  interacting  with  kink  sites  is  not  the  free  ion  in  solution  but  instead  an  ion  pair,  hydrated  species,  or  possibly  larger  polynuclear  cluster  and  that  growth  kinetics  are  limited  by  a  carbonate-based  kink  blocking  mechanism.  These  findings  raise  questions  about  the  prevalence  and  broader  ramifications  of  non-monomer  trace  constituent  incorporation  during  otherwise  classical  crystal  growth.In  the  second  half  of  the  dissertation,  I  turn  to  carbon  cycling  at  the  field  scale,  investigating  the  controls  on  soil  carbon  cycling  and  soil-atmosphere  CO2  exchange  in  the  Mojave  Desert.  Arid  soils  can  contain  significant  concentrations  of  inorganic  carbon  in  the  form  of  pedogenic  carbonate,  but  the  short-timescale  dynamics  of  the  soil  inorganic  carbon  system  and  its  impact  on  CO2  fluxes  remains  poorly  constrained.  I  present  results  from  a  multi-year  field  campaign,  including  two  years  of  continuous  measurements  of  meteorological  and  soil  conditions  from  a  series  of  soils  along  a  climate/elevation  gradient.  In  Chapter  4,  I  focus  on  unpacking  the  primary  controls  on  CO2  production  in  these  highly  water-limited  ecosystems,  and  develop  quantitative  models  to  describe  how  the  sensitivity  of  CO2  production  to  environmental  conditions  varies  with  depth  in  the  soil  profile  and  spatially  on  scales  of  meters  to  kilometers.  Significant  nighttime  CO2  pulse  events  observed  in  near-surface  soils  of  the  more  densely  vegetated,  higher  elevation,  sites  are  also  explored  and  provisionally  linked  to  microbial  activity  stimulated  by  the  delivery  of  non-rainfall  moisture  to  the  litter  layer  and  surficial  soils.In  Chapter  5,  I  discuss  the  causes  and  consequences  of  two  types  of  CO2  consumption  documented  at  the  lowest  elevation,  most  arid  site:  periods  of  frequent  negative  nighttime  surface  fluxes  during  the  dry  season  and  acute  episodes  of  CO2  uptake  following  rain  events.  The  negative  surface  fluxes  are  driven  by  almost  continuous  nighttime  CO2  consumption  in  shallow  soil  layers  (0-15cm  depth),  the  magnitude  of  which  is  strongly  dependent  on  the  amplitude  of  the  diurnal  soil  temperature  oscillation.  Quantitative  evaluation  of  potential  driving  mechanisms  suggests  that  thermal  impacts  on  the  soil  carbonate  system  alone  cannot  produce  the  magnitude  of  consumption  observed,  and  that  temperature-dependent  CO2  adsorption  to  soil  minerals  may  also  contribute  to  an  abiotic  diurnal  cycle  of  CO2  uptake  and  release  in  these  desert  soils.  In  contrast,  the  CO2  uptake  observed  following  rain  events  is  consistent  with  CO2  consumption  due  to  carbonate  mineral  dissolution,  potentially  augmented  by  near-surface  biotic  carbon  fixation.  I  end  with  a  discussion  of  the  broader  implications  of  the  documented  inorganic  CO2  fluxes  for  the  interpretation  of  carbon  dynamics  in  arid  ecosystems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aGeochemistry.
■650  4▼aBiogeochemistry.
■650  4▼aSoil  sciences.
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  science.
■653    ▼aCalcium  isotope  fractionation
■653    ▼aCarbonate
■653    ▼aCrystal  growth
■653    ▼aKinetic  isotope  effect
■653    ▼aSoil  carbon  cycling
■653    ▼aSoil  respiration
■690    ▼a0996
■690    ▼a0425
■690    ▼a0454
■690    ▼a0768
■690    ▼a0481
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bEnvironmental  Science,  Policy,  &  Management.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-04A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16930996▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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