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On the Production of Severe Convective Storm Environments in North and South America- [electronic resource]
On the Production of Severe Convective Storm Environments in North and South America - [el...
On the Production of Severe Convective Storm Environments in North and South America- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101909
ISBN  
9798380717922
DDC  
551.4
저자명  
Li, Funing.
서명/저자  
On the Production of Severe Convective Storm Environments in North and South America - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Purdue University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(273 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Chavas, Daniel R.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This work centers on a fundamental question related to the geography of severe weather on Earth - why the United States has the most tornadoes in the world? We mainly use global climate model (GCM) experiments, combined with observations and theories, to test several hypotheses toward understanding this question. Ultimately, our results emphasize the role of large-scale surface roughness in modulating continental severe thunderstorm and tornadic environments and low-level circulation, which adds a critical missing ingredient in the conventional conceptual understanding of the geographic controls of severe weather hotspots on Earth.We first provide a comprehensive climatological analysis and evaluation of severe thunderstorm environments over North America as well as the associated synoptic-scale features that frequently generate them, in a new high-resolution global reanalysis dataset (ERA5) and a GCM (CESM CAM6) historical simulation. Overall, they both reasonably reproduce severe thunderstorm environments and the relevant synoptic-scale features.We then combine theory and the MERRA-2 reanalysis data to provide foundations to a scaling CAPE (convective available potential energy) framework. We demonstrate that the scaling CAPE formula, which uses environmental data alone without lifting a hypothetical air parcel, can easily estimate true CAPE given several assumptions. Using the scaling CAPE framework, we further evaluate the performance of 13 CMIP6 models in simulating the historical climatology of severe thunderstorm environments in the United States. Overall, model errors in severe thunderstorm environments arise primarily due to errors in the average temperature and moisture of near-surface air, though a few models (MPI and CNRM) quantitatively well reproduce the magnitude and spatial pattern of severe thunderstorm environments.The frequent and intense severe thunderstorm environments over the eastern half of North America have been ascribed to the existence of elevated terrain to the west and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Yet, to what extent each of them is necessary for producing severe thunderstorm environments in North America has not been examined. We conduct GCM experiments using CAM6, with North American topography removed and the Gulf of Mexico converted to land, respectively, to show that these severe thunderstorm environments depend strongly on upstream elevated terrain but more weakly on the Gulf of Mexico, though the Gulf of Mexico affects their spatial footprint.A similar geographic setup is also found in South America, where the Andes Mountains stretch from north to south similar to the Rockies, and the Amazon basin is as warm and moist as tropical oceans. However, quite fewer tornadoes occur in South America than North America though both have frequent severe thunderstorm. We further show, by conducting GCM and idealized GCM experiments, that the upstream surface roughness drives the contrast in tornado potential between North and South America. A smoother upstream surface permits stronger easterly trade winds that feed the poleward low-level winds flowing downstream into the continental interiorLastly, we show a tug-of-way between elevated terrain and large-scale surface roughness in modulating continental low-level atmospheric circulation. With GCM experiments conducted in North America, we demonstrate that the uplift of elevated terrain intensifies low-level winds along the foothills by strengthening synoptic-scale processes including lee cyclogenesis, whereas the strong large-scale surface roughness slows down low-level winds by increasing surface friction that deepens boundary layer. These results provide valuable insights into understanding the climatology of the poleward low-level winds including lowlevel jet in central North and South America, whose variance strongly modulates moisture transport and hence the continental-scale weather and climate.
일반주제명  
Humidity.
일반주제명  
Cyclones.
일반주제명  
Storms.
일반주제명  
Regions.
일반주제명  
Winter.
일반주제명  
Tornadoes.
일반주제명  
Energy.
일반주제명  
Time series.
일반주제명  
Wind shear.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences.
일반주제명  
Meteorology.
기타저자  
Purdue University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-05B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30685551
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Purdue23744712
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a551.4
■1001  ▼aLi,  Funing.
■24510▼aOn  the  Production  of  Severe  Convective  Storm  Environments  in  North  and  South  America▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bPurdue  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(273  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Chavas,  Daniel  R.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Purdue  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  work  centers  on  a  fundamental  question  related  to  the  geography  of  severe  weather  on  Earth  -  why  the  United  States  has  the  most  tornadoes  in  the  world?  We  mainly  use  global  climate  model  (GCM)  experiments,  combined  with  observations  and  theories,  to  test  several  hypotheses  toward  understanding  this  question.  Ultimately,  our  results  emphasize  the  role  of  large-scale  surface  roughness  in  modulating  continental  severe  thunderstorm  and  tornadic  environments  and  low-level  circulation,  which  adds  a  critical  missing  ingredient  in  the  conventional  conceptual  understanding  of  the  geographic  controls  of  severe  weather  hotspots  on  Earth.We  first  provide  a  comprehensive  climatological  analysis  and  evaluation  of  severe  thunderstorm  environments  over  North  America  as  well  as  the  associated  synoptic-scale  features  that  frequently  generate  them,  in  a  new  high-resolution  global  reanalysis  dataset  (ERA5)  and  a  GCM  (CESM  CAM6)  historical  simulation.  Overall,  they  both  reasonably  reproduce  severe  thunderstorm  environments  and  the  relevant  synoptic-scale  features.We  then  combine  theory  and  the  MERRA-2  reanalysis  data  to  provide  foundations  to  a  scaling  CAPE  (convective  available  potential  energy)  framework.  We  demonstrate  that  the  scaling  CAPE  formula,  which  uses  environmental  data  alone  without  lifting  a  hypothetical  air  parcel,  can  easily  estimate  true  CAPE  given  several  assumptions.  Using  the  scaling  CAPE  framework,  we  further  evaluate  the  performance  of  13  CMIP6  models  in  simulating  the  historical  climatology  of  severe  thunderstorm  environments  in  the  United  States.  Overall,  model  errors  in  severe  thunderstorm  environments  arise  primarily  due  to  errors  in  the  average  temperature  and  moisture  of  near-surface  air,  though  a  few  models  (MPI  and  CNRM)  quantitatively  well  reproduce  the  magnitude  and  spatial  pattern  of  severe  thunderstorm  environments.The  frequent  and  intense  severe  thunderstorm  environments  over  the  eastern  half  of  North  America  have  been  ascribed  to  the  existence  of  elevated  terrain  to  the  west  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  south.  Yet,  to  what  extent  each  of  them  is  necessary  for  producing  severe  thunderstorm  environments  in  North  America  has  not  been  examined.  We  conduct  GCM  experiments  using  CAM6,  with  North  American  topography  removed  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  converted  to  land,  respectively,  to  show  that  these  severe  thunderstorm  environments  depend  strongly  on  upstream  elevated  terrain  but  more  weakly  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  though  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  affects  their  spatial  footprint.A  similar  geographic  setup  is  also  found  in  South  America,  where  the  Andes  Mountains  stretch  from  north  to  south  similar  to  the  Rockies,  and  the  Amazon  basin  is  as  warm  and  moist  as  tropical  oceans.  However,  quite  fewer  tornadoes  occur  in  South  America  than  North  America  though  both  have  frequent  severe  thunderstorm.  We  further  show,  by  conducting  GCM  and  idealized  GCM  experiments,  that  the  upstream  surface  roughness  drives  the  contrast  in  tornado  potential  between  North  and  South  America.  A  smoother  upstream  surface  permits  stronger  easterly  trade  winds  that  feed  the  poleward  low-level  winds  flowing  downstream  into  the  continental  interiorLastly,  we  show  a  tug-of-way  between  elevated  terrain  and  large-scale  surface  roughness  in  modulating  continental  low-level  atmospheric  circulation.  With  GCM  experiments  conducted  in  North  America,  we  demonstrate  that  the  uplift  of  elevated  terrain  intensifies  low-level  winds  along  the  foothills  by  strengthening  synoptic-scale  processes  including  lee  cyclogenesis,  whereas  the  strong  large-scale  surface  roughness  slows  down  low-level  winds  by  increasing  surface  friction  that  deepens  boundary  layer.  These  results  provide  valuable  insights  into  understanding  the  climatology  of  the  poleward  low-level  winds  including  lowlevel  jet  in  central  North  and  South  America,  whose  variance  strongly  modulates  moisture  transport  and  hence  the  continental-scale  weather  and  climate.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0183.
■650  4▼aHumidity.
■650  4▼aCyclones.
■650  4▼aStorms.
■650  4▼aRegions.
■650  4▼aWinter.
■650  4▼aTornadoes.
■650  4▼aEnergy.
■650  4▼aTime  series.
■650  4▼aWind  shear.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences.
■650  4▼aMeteorology.
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0725
■690    ▼a0557
■71020▼aPurdue  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-05B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0183
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935241▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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