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Developmental Mechanisms Underlying Avian Morphological Evolution- [electronic resource]
Developmental Mechanisms Underlying Avian Morphological Evolution - [electronic resource]
Developmental Mechanisms Underlying Avian Morphological Evolution- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100442
ISBN  
9798379621124
DDC  
574
저자명  
Longtine, Charles A.
서명/저자  
Developmental Mechanisms Underlying Avian Morphological Evolution - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(141 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Tabin, Clifford J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Vertebrates have evolved remarkable morphological diversity over millions of years, from the smallest hummingbird to the largest whales, in response to natural selection. These endless forms, generated over the course of evolution, can largely be traced back to changes in embryonic development, where modifications of existing structures and the generation of completely novel structures occurs. A mechanistic understanding of how evolutionary diversity arises thus necessitates a deep understanding of the developmental processes underlying morphological transitions in vertebrate evolution. Birds serve as a particularly useful model for this endeavor as one of the most diverse groups of land vertebrates with a number of evolutionarily novel structures - such as feathers and their vocal organ, the syrinx - and a wide array of morphological adaptations, including webbed feet in aquatic birds and flippers used for diving in penguins. Here I present three case studies for the developmental mechanisms underlying avian morphological evolution. First, I characterize the pathways involved in the formation of the vocal folds in the avian syrinx, an evolutionarily novel vocal organ. We find that the syringeal vocal folds are derived from a distinct developmental source than vocal folds in other tetrapods, which are located in the larynx, but similar developmental pathways are active in both types of vocal folds. We further investigate the morphological evolution of the syrinx and show that the presence of paired sound sources (i.e., two sets of syringeal vocal folds) is likely ancestral to extant birds.Next, I present a characterization of the embryonic development of the penguin flipper, which has a series of remarkable adaptations to underwater diving, including loss of distal forelimb muscles and a flattening of forelimb bones. Surprisingly, both the muscles and bones in the early penguin embryo are patterned similar to other birds but are dramatically remodeled late during embryogenesis. Forelimb muscles are patterned but fail to proliferate, leading to an apparent reduction in musculature. Bones in the penguin flipper are patterned as round tubes like in flighted birds but undergo a gradual ossification of connective tissue which resembles the formation of bone ridges at tendon-attachment sites which has been characterized in the mouse. This process starts at the epiphysis and extends down the length of the bone during development, which is paralleled by the progressive expansion of bone flattening in the penguin fossil record.Finally, I investigate the developmental and genetic mechanisms underlying the convergent evolution of interdigit webbing in birds. While interdigit webbing has evolved several times in birds, we find little evidence of genome-wide convergence in conserved non-coding regions. We show that conserved early developmental enhancers for the gene Gremlin, which has been shown to inhibit interdigit apoptosis, are accessible in the duck interdigit, but Gremlin is likely activated using a novel pathway. In addition, I perform transcriptomic analysis in developing chick, duck, and penguin interdigit and find that duck and penguins have likely evolved distinct mechanisms for interdigit webbing retention.  Together, these data provide new insights into the developmental mechanisms underlying morphological evolution and underscore the extent to which existing genetic modules and developmental processes are reused to facilitate the evolution of novel and highly modified structures.
일반주제명  
Biology.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology.
일반주제명  
Evolution & development.
키워드  
Smallest hummingbird
키워드  
Morphological diversity
키워드  
Vertebrates
키워드  
Largest whales
기타저자  
Harvard University Biology Molecular and Cellular
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30491460
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aLongtine,  Charles  A.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5906-8243
■24510▼aDevelopmental  Mechanisms  Underlying  Avian  Morphological  Evolution▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(141  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Tabin,  Clifford  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aVertebrates  have  evolved  remarkable  morphological  diversity  over  millions  of  years,  from  the  smallest  hummingbird  to  the  largest  whales,  in  response  to  natural  selection.  These  endless  forms,  generated  over  the  course  of  evolution,  can  largely  be  traced  back  to  changes  in  embryonic  development,  where  modifications  of  existing  structures  and  the  generation  of  completely  novel  structures  occurs.  A  mechanistic  understanding  of  how  evolutionary  diversity  arises  thus  necessitates  a  deep  understanding  of  the  developmental  processes  underlying  morphological  transitions  in  vertebrate  evolution.  Birds  serve  as  a  particularly  useful  model  for  this  endeavor  as  one  of  the  most  diverse  groups  of  land  vertebrates  with  a  number  of  evolutionarily  novel  structures  -  such  as  feathers  and  their  vocal  organ,  the  syrinx  -  and  a  wide  array  of  morphological  adaptations,  including  webbed  feet  in  aquatic  birds  and  flippers  used  for  diving  in  penguins. Here  I  present  three  case  studies  for  the  developmental  mechanisms  underlying  avian  morphological  evolution.  First,  I  characterize  the  pathways  involved  in  the  formation  of  the  vocal  folds  in  the  avian  syrinx,  an  evolutionarily  novel  vocal  organ.  We  find  that  the  syringeal  vocal  folds  are  derived  from  a  distinct  developmental  source  than  vocal  folds  in  other  tetrapods,  which  are  located  in  the  larynx,  but  similar  developmental  pathways  are  active  in  both  types  of  vocal  folds.  We  further  investigate  the  morphological  evolution  of  the  syrinx  and  show  that  the  presence  of  paired  sound  sources  (i.e.,  two  sets  of  syringeal  vocal  folds)  is  likely  ancestral  to  extant  birds.Next,  I  present  a  characterization  of  the  embryonic  development  of  the  penguin  flipper,  which  has  a  series  of  remarkable  adaptations  to  underwater  diving,  including  loss  of  distal  forelimb  muscles  and  a  flattening  of  forelimb  bones.  Surprisingly,  both  the  muscles  and  bones  in  the  early  penguin  embryo  are  patterned  similar  to  other  birds  but  are  dramatically  remodeled  late  during  embryogenesis.  Forelimb  muscles  are  patterned  but  fail  to  proliferate,  leading  to  an  apparent  reduction  in  musculature.  Bones  in  the  penguin  flipper  are  patterned  as  round  tubes  like  in  flighted  birds  but  undergo  a  gradual  ossification  of  connective  tissue  which  resembles  the  formation  of  bone  ridges  at  tendon-attachment  sites  which  has  been  characterized  in  the  mouse.  This  process  starts  at  the  epiphysis  and  extends  down  the  length  of  the  bone  during  development,  which  is  paralleled  by  the  progressive  expansion  of  bone  flattening  in  the  penguin  fossil  record.Finally,  I  investigate  the  developmental  and  genetic  mechanisms  underlying  the  convergent  evolution  of  interdigit  webbing  in  birds.  While  interdigit  webbing  has  evolved  several  times  in  birds,  we  find  little  evidence  of  genome-wide  convergence  in  conserved  non-coding  regions.  We  show  that  conserved  early  developmental  enhancers  for  the  gene  Gremlin,  which  has  been  shown  to  inhibit  interdigit  apoptosis,  are  accessible  in  the  duck  interdigit,  but  Gremlin  is  likely  activated  using  a  novel  pathway.  In  addition,  I  perform  transcriptomic  analysis  in  developing  chick,  duck,  and  penguin  interdigit  and  find  that  duck  and  penguins  have  likely  evolved  distinct  mechanisms  for  interdigit  webbing  retention.  Together,  these  data  provide  new  insights  into  the  developmental  mechanisms  underlying  morphological  evolution  and  underscore  the  extent  to  which  existing  genetic  modules  and  developmental  processes  are  reused  to  facilitate  the  evolution  of  novel  and  highly  modified  structures.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aBiology.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development.
■653    ▼aSmallest  hummingbird
■653    ▼aMorphological  diversity
■653    ▼aVertebrates
■653    ▼aLargest  whales
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0412
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiology,  Molecular  and  Cellular.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932318▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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