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Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization- [electronic resource]
Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization - [electronic resource]
Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100447
ISBN  
9798379612894
DDC  
307
저자명  
Moszkowski, Erica.
서명/저자  
Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(183 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Glaeser, Edward.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of three independent chapters related to the provision (or under-provision) of urban retail amenities. Chapter 1 (co-authored with Daniel Stackman) asks why storefronts remain empty for more than a year in some of the world's highest-rent retail real estate markets. Landlords with vacancies derive option value from two sources of uncertainty. First, increasing downstream retail demand may drive up market rents tomorrow. Second, different tenants may have different willingness to pay for the same space, creating an incentive for landlords to wait for a particularly high rent offer. We construct a dynamic search and matching model capturing landlords' tradeoff between signing a lease today and the option value of waiting, incorporating key market features including asymmetric commitment to the lease term and high move-in costs. We estimate the parameters by matching quarterly vacancy rates, lease-up rates, and tenant exit rates from a comprehensive, high-frequency storefront tracking service, combined with micro data on commercial leases. In a counterfactual exercise, we find that reducing the variance of the match quality distribution by 50% reduces long-run vacancy rates by 33% on average, while reducing the variance of the aggregate state variable has almost no effect. Finally, we use the estimated model to quantify the impact of a retail vacancy tax on long-run vacancy rates, average rents, and social welfare. Vacancies would have to generate negative externalities of $18.72 per square foot per quarter (about 30% of average rents) to justify a 1% vacancy tax on assessed property values.Chapter 2 (also co-authored with Daniel Stackman) documents the rise of storefront vacancies in prime retail locations, a phenomenon we refer to as high-rent blight, in Manhattan over the 2016 to 2020 period. We then ask whether this increase in the retail vacancy rate can be attributed to a particular feature of commercial mortgage agreements. In a stylized model, we show that banks impose tenancy covenants (which establish rent floors for new leases landlords sign with tenants) in lending agreements to prevent landlords from impairing the value of collateral in the event of default. These clauses short-circuit the price mechanism in times of falling demand for retail space. We present quasi-experimental estimates suggesting that binding rent floors imposed by mortgage covenants substantially reduce the probability that vacant landlords choose to lease out their space. Finally, we estimate a structural model of landlord borrowing, leasing, and default decisions. In a counterfactual exercise, we show that eliminating covenants between 2016 and 2020 would have reduced the February 2020 vacancy rate by 11.4% (1.5 percentage points) relative to its realized level.Chapter 3 (co-authored with Edward Glaeser and Michael Luca) asks how gentrification transforms neighborhood retail amenities. We present a model in which gentrification harms incumbent residents by increasing rental costs and by eliminating distinctive local stores. While rising rents can be offset with targeted transfers, the destruction of neighborhood character can - in principle - reduce overall social surplus. Empirically we find that gentrifying neighborhoods experience faster growth in both the number of retail establishments and business closure rates than their non-gentrifying counterparts. However, we see little evidence that gentrification is associated with changes in retail mix or prices - suggesting limited welfare losses.
일반주제명  
Urban planning.
일반주제명  
Finance.
키워드  
Gentrification
키워드  
Industrial organization
키워드  
Real estate
키워드  
Retail amenities
키워드  
Urban economics
키워드  
Vacancy
기타저자  
Harvard University Business Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aMoszkowski,  Erica.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-8443-8744
■24510▼aEssays  in  Urban  Economics  and  Industrial  Organization▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(183  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Glaeser,  Edward.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  independent  chapters  related  to  the  provision  (or  under-provision)  of  urban  retail  amenities.  Chapter  1  (co-authored  with  Daniel  Stackman)  asks  why  storefronts  remain  empty  for  more  than  a  year  in  some  of  the  world's  highest-rent  retail  real  estate  markets.  Landlords  with  vacancies  derive  option  value  from  two  sources  of  uncertainty.  First,  increasing  downstream  retail  demand  may  drive  up  market  rents  tomorrow.  Second,  different  tenants  may  have  different  willingness  to  pay  for  the  same  space,  creating  an  incentive  for  landlords  to  wait  for  a  particularly  high  rent  offer.  We  construct  a  dynamic  search  and  matching  model  capturing  landlords'  tradeoff  between  signing  a  lease  today  and  the  option  value  of  waiting,  incorporating  key  market  features  including  asymmetric  commitment  to  the  lease  term  and  high  move-in  costs.  We  estimate  the  parameters  by  matching  quarterly  vacancy  rates,  lease-up  rates,  and  tenant  exit  rates  from  a  comprehensive,  high-frequency  storefront  tracking  service,  combined  with  micro  data  on  commercial  leases.  In  a  counterfactual  exercise,  we  find  that  reducing  the  variance  of  the  match  quality  distribution  by  50%  reduces  long-run  vacancy  rates  by  33%  on  average,  while  reducing  the  variance  of  the  aggregate  state  variable  has  almost  no  effect.  Finally,  we  use  the  estimated  model  to  quantify  the  impact  of  a  retail  vacancy  tax  on  long-run  vacancy  rates,  average  rents,  and  social  welfare.  Vacancies  would  have  to  generate  negative  externalities  of  $18.72  per  square  foot  per  quarter  (about  30%  of  average  rents)  to  justify  a  1%  vacancy  tax  on  assessed  property  values.Chapter  2  (also  co-authored  with  Daniel  Stackman)  documents  the  rise  of  storefront  vacancies  in  prime  retail  locations,  a  phenomenon  we  refer  to  as  high-rent  blight,  in  Manhattan  over  the  2016  to  2020  period.  We  then  ask  whether  this  increase  in  the  retail  vacancy  rate  can  be  attributed  to  a  particular  feature  of  commercial  mortgage  agreements.  In  a  stylized  model,  we  show  that  banks  impose  tenancy  covenants  (which  establish  rent  floors  for  new  leases  landlords  sign  with  tenants)  in  lending  agreements  to  prevent  landlords  from  impairing  the  value  of  collateral  in  the  event  of  default.  These  clauses  short-circuit  the  price  mechanism  in  times  of  falling  demand  for  retail  space.  We  present  quasi-experimental  estimates  suggesting  that  binding  rent  floors  imposed  by  mortgage  covenants  substantially  reduce  the  probability  that  vacant  landlords  choose  to  lease  out  their  space.  Finally,  we  estimate  a  structural  model  of  landlord  borrowing,  leasing,  and  default  decisions.  In  a  counterfactual  exercise,  we  show  that  eliminating  covenants  between  2016  and  2020  would  have  reduced  the  February  2020  vacancy  rate  by  11.4%  (1.5  percentage  points)  relative  to  its  realized  level.Chapter  3  (co-authored  with  Edward  Glaeser  and  Michael  Luca)  asks  how  gentrification  transforms  neighborhood  retail  amenities.  We  present  a  model  in  which  gentrification  harms  incumbent  residents  by  increasing  rental  costs  and  by  eliminating  distinctive  local  stores.  While  rising  rents  can  be  offset  with  targeted  transfers,  the  destruction  of  neighborhood  character  can  -  in  principle  -  reduce  overall  social  surplus.  Empirically  we  find  that  gentrifying  neighborhoods  experience  faster  growth  in  both  the  number  of  retail  establishments  and  business  closure  rates  than  their  non-gentrifying  counterparts.  However,  we  see  little  evidence  that  gentrification  is  associated  with  changes  in  retail  mix  or  prices  -  suggesting  limited  welfare  losses.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aUrban  planning.
■650  4▼aFinance.
■653    ▼aGentrification
■653    ▼aIndustrial  organization
■653    ▼aReal  estate
■653    ▼aRetail  amenities
■653    ▼aUrban  economics
■653    ▼aVacancy
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0999
■690    ▼a0508
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBusiness  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932356▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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