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Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization- [electronic resource]
Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문파일 국외
- 최종처리일시
- 20240214100447
- ISBN
- 9798379612894
- DDC
- 307
- 서명/저자
- Essays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization - [electronic resource]
- 발행사항
- [S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
- 형태사항
- 1 online resource(183 p.)
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Glaeser, Edward.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
- 사용제한주기
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This dissertation consists of three independent chapters related to the provision (or under-provision) of urban retail amenities. Chapter 1 (co-authored with Daniel Stackman) asks why storefronts remain empty for more than a year in some of the world's highest-rent retail real estate markets. Landlords with vacancies derive option value from two sources of uncertainty. First, increasing downstream retail demand may drive up market rents tomorrow. Second, different tenants may have different willingness to pay for the same space, creating an incentive for landlords to wait for a particularly high rent offer. We construct a dynamic search and matching model capturing landlords' tradeoff between signing a lease today and the option value of waiting, incorporating key market features including asymmetric commitment to the lease term and high move-in costs. We estimate the parameters by matching quarterly vacancy rates, lease-up rates, and tenant exit rates from a comprehensive, high-frequency storefront tracking service, combined with micro data on commercial leases. In a counterfactual exercise, we find that reducing the variance of the match quality distribution by 50% reduces long-run vacancy rates by 33% on average, while reducing the variance of the aggregate state variable has almost no effect. Finally, we use the estimated model to quantify the impact of a retail vacancy tax on long-run vacancy rates, average rents, and social welfare. Vacancies would have to generate negative externalities of $18.72 per square foot per quarter (about 30% of average rents) to justify a 1% vacancy tax on assessed property values.Chapter 2 (also co-authored with Daniel Stackman) documents the rise of storefront vacancies in prime retail locations, a phenomenon we refer to as high-rent blight, in Manhattan over the 2016 to 2020 period. We then ask whether this increase in the retail vacancy rate can be attributed to a particular feature of commercial mortgage agreements. In a stylized model, we show that banks impose tenancy covenants (which establish rent floors for new leases landlords sign with tenants) in lending agreements to prevent landlords from impairing the value of collateral in the event of default. These clauses short-circuit the price mechanism in times of falling demand for retail space. We present quasi-experimental estimates suggesting that binding rent floors imposed by mortgage covenants substantially reduce the probability that vacant landlords choose to lease out their space. Finally, we estimate a structural model of landlord borrowing, leasing, and default decisions. In a counterfactual exercise, we show that eliminating covenants between 2016 and 2020 would have reduced the February 2020 vacancy rate by 11.4% (1.5 percentage points) relative to its realized level.Chapter 3 (co-authored with Edward Glaeser and Michael Luca) asks how gentrification transforms neighborhood retail amenities. We present a model in which gentrification harms incumbent residents by increasing rental costs and by eliminating distinctive local stores. While rising rents can be offset with targeted transfers, the destruction of neighborhood character can - in principle - reduce overall social surplus. Empirically we find that gentrifying neighborhoods experience faster growth in both the number of retail establishments and business closure rates than their non-gentrifying counterparts. However, we see little evidence that gentrification is associated with changes in retail mix or prices - suggesting limited welfare losses.
- 일반주제명
- Urban planning.
- 일반주제명
- Finance.
- 키워드
- Gentrification
- 키워드
- Real estate
- 키워드
- Retail amenities
- 키워드
- Urban economics
- 키워드
- Vacancy
- 기타저자
- Harvard University Business Economics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstract International
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520240214100447
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798379612894
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30491815
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a307
■1001 ▼aMoszkowski, Erica.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-8443-8744
■24510▼aEssays in Urban Economics and Industrial Organization▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard University. ▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor :▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ▼c2023
■300 ▼a1 online resource(183 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Glaeser, Edward.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation consists of three independent chapters related to the provision (or under-provision) of urban retail amenities. Chapter 1 (co-authored with Daniel Stackman) asks why storefronts remain empty for more than a year in some of the world's highest-rent retail real estate markets. Landlords with vacancies derive option value from two sources of uncertainty. First, increasing downstream retail demand may drive up market rents tomorrow. Second, different tenants may have different willingness to pay for the same space, creating an incentive for landlords to wait for a particularly high rent offer. We construct a dynamic search and matching model capturing landlords' tradeoff between signing a lease today and the option value of waiting, incorporating key market features including asymmetric commitment to the lease term and high move-in costs. We estimate the parameters by matching quarterly vacancy rates, lease-up rates, and tenant exit rates from a comprehensive, high-frequency storefront tracking service, combined with micro data on commercial leases. In a counterfactual exercise, we find that reducing the variance of the match quality distribution by 50% reduces long-run vacancy rates by 33% on average, while reducing the variance of the aggregate state variable has almost no effect. Finally, we use the estimated model to quantify the impact of a retail vacancy tax on long-run vacancy rates, average rents, and social welfare. Vacancies would have to generate negative externalities of $18.72 per square foot per quarter (about 30% of average rents) to justify a 1% vacancy tax on assessed property values.Chapter 2 (also co-authored with Daniel Stackman) documents the rise of storefront vacancies in prime retail locations, a phenomenon we refer to as high-rent blight, in Manhattan over the 2016 to 2020 period. We then ask whether this increase in the retail vacancy rate can be attributed to a particular feature of commercial mortgage agreements. In a stylized model, we show that banks impose tenancy covenants (which establish rent floors for new leases landlords sign with tenants) in lending agreements to prevent landlords from impairing the value of collateral in the event of default. These clauses short-circuit the price mechanism in times of falling demand for retail space. We present quasi-experimental estimates suggesting that binding rent floors imposed by mortgage covenants substantially reduce the probability that vacant landlords choose to lease out their space. Finally, we estimate a structural model of landlord borrowing, leasing, and default decisions. In a counterfactual exercise, we show that eliminating covenants between 2016 and 2020 would have reduced the February 2020 vacancy rate by 11.4% (1.5 percentage points) relative to its realized level.Chapter 3 (co-authored with Edward Glaeser and Michael Luca) asks how gentrification transforms neighborhood retail amenities. We present a model in which gentrification harms incumbent residents by increasing rental costs and by eliminating distinctive local stores. While rising rents can be offset with targeted transfers, the destruction of neighborhood character can - in principle - reduce overall social surplus. Empirically we find that gentrifying neighborhoods experience faster growth in both the number of retail establishments and business closure rates than their non-gentrifying counterparts. However, we see little evidence that gentrification is associated with changes in retail mix or prices - suggesting limited welfare losses.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0084.
■650 4▼aUrban planning.
■650 4▼aFinance.
■653 ▼aGentrification
■653 ▼aIndustrial organization
■653 ▼aReal estate
■653 ▼aRetail amenities
■653 ▼aUrban economics
■653 ▼aVacancy
■690 ▼a0501
■690 ▼a0999
■690 ▼a0508
■71020▼aHarvard University▼bBusiness Economics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g84-12A.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0084
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932356▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024
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