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Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging and Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Cryogenically-Cooled Ions- [electronic resource]
Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging and Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Cry...
Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging and Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Cryogenically-Cooled Ions- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214095910
ISBN  
9798380619363
DDC  
541
저자명  
Babin, Mark Christopher.
서명/저자  
Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging and Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Cryogenically-Cooled Ions - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2021
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2021
형태사항  
1 online resource(433 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Neumark, Daniel M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2021.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Both slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI) and infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy are employed to probe anions and cations, respectively. Such techniques are capable of providing insight into the vibrational, electronic, and geometric properties of these small molecules, which are facilitated by the high resolution afforded by each method. Further, recent developments have enhanced the abilities of cryo-SEVI to probe vibrationally excited anions (IR-cryo-SEVI), and plans are underway on further improving the cooling abilities of the machine (cryo-cryo-SEVI), allowing for an expanded range of viable molecular targets. In the meantime, there is a vast array of viable molecular species accessible to both cryo-SEVI and IRPD, with systems studied here falling into the categories of free radicals, interstellar species, and metal oxide clusters.Anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a powerful technique for studying transient neutral species, owing to the ease with which stable anions are photodetached to access these states. Cryo-SEVI is a high-resolution variant of anion PES that exploits the resolving properties of velocity-map imaging by employing a tunable laser source to achieve sub millielectronvolt (meV) resolution for many species. This is further enhanced by the cryogenic cooling of anions in a radiofrequency ion trap prior to photodetachment, greatly improving spectral clarity and giving access to a larger array of systems.The systems capable of being studied by cryo-SEVI, however, are limited by the ability to cool them sufficiently. To this end, development of a second ion trap has begun, allowing for the study of larger species, especially metal oxides, which are of considerable temperature entering the trap. Installing this second trap should then give access to larger clusters, as well as allow for the introduction of a reaction gas to study how such species react with small molecules, possibly elucidating catalytic reaction mechanisms.Meanwhile, IRPD spectroscopy, a complementary method to cryo-SEVI, can readily characterize the structures of large metal oxide clusters. Here, cations (I+) are mass selected, collected in an ion trap, and messenger-tagged with He. These species are then irradiated with intense, tunable IR light and extracted into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to determine the depletion of I+He as a function of photon energy. IRPD spectra then yield vibrational frequencies with comparable resolution to cryo-SEVI, allowing for the determination of geometries and vibrational frequencies when compared with simulation.Carbon and silicon carbide clusters are structurally complex species of great interest in interstellar, plasma, and combustion chemistry. Cryo-SEVI spectra of C7 and C9 allow for the extraction of previously unresolved vibrational frequencies, as well as evidence of vibronic coupling effects to numerous electronic excited states. Small silicon carbides are important astrochemically as a number of them have been observed in interstellar space, though the relative energetics of many of these species are in question, as there exist multiple low-lying stable isomers. SEVI spectra of 4-atom silicon carbides (Si3C, Si2C2, and SiC3) shed light on this energetic ordering, elucidate new vibrational frequencies in these species, and observe the first Si2C2 structure with a permanent dipole.Among the free radicals studied are the nitrate radical (NO3) and the hydroxy radical (OH). Cryo-SEVI spectra of NO3 reveal the extent to which vibronic coupling shapes this molecule's vibrational structure, quelling a controversy surrounding the position of the ν3 mode of this species. Study of the hydroxy radical was facilitated by recent development of IR-cryoSEVI, wherein anions are vibrationally pre-excited prior to photodetachment, allowing for the probing of previously inaccessible regions of the neutral potential energy surface. This method, showcased by the photodetachment of vibrationally-excited OH−, results in newly allowed features to arise in the spectra of this molecule as well as characterization of the anion's vibrational frequency without the use of a messenger-tag, as is in IRPD.Transition metal oxides serve as a catalysts for many fundamental reactions in chemistry, with the active site often occurring at molecular-scale defects. Given the challenge of studying such active sites, it has become commonplace to use small gas-phase clusters as models for these defect sites, which have the benefit of being easy to produce and tractable for theoretical comparison. The cryo-SEVI spectra of ZrO2 reacting with H2O revealed the coexistence of two structural isomers of the product, arising from a "hot" ion distribution "frozen in" to the cold, trapped population. Comparison of the electron affinities of this and the titanium analogue of the system, as well as the un-reacted clusters, provides insight into the reactivity of these clusters. Further, the IRPD spectra of (NiOm)(Al2O3)n(AlO)+ with m = 1-2 and n = 1-3, a model for Ni/Al2O3 - industrial catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation with high selectivity, are presented. Comparison with theory shows that the structures formed lead to under-coordinated Nickel centers that may elucidate the catalytic mechanism of bulk Ni/Al2O3. Finally, cryo-SEVI spectra of NdO characterize the energetics of this species, including detachment transitions to high-lying excited states that may help explain previous observations from atmospheric release experiments.
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry.
일반주제명  
Chemistry.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric chemistry.
키워드  
Photoelectron spectroscopy
키워드  
Nitrate radical
키워드  
IRPD spectroscopy
키워드  
Infrared photodissociation
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■020    ▼a9798380619363
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI28869581
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a541
■1001  ▼aBabin,  Mark  Christopher.
■24510▼aSlow  Photoelectron  Velocity-Map  Imaging  and  Infrared  Photodissociation  Spectroscopy  of  Cryogenically-Cooled  Ions▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(433  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Neumark,  Daniel  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aBoth  slow  photoelectron  velocity-map  imaging  of  cryogenically  cooled  anions  (cryo-SEVI)  and  infrared  photodissociation  (IRPD)  spectroscopy  are  employed  to  probe  anions  and  cations,  respectively.  Such  techniques  are  capable  of  providing  insight  into  the  vibrational,  electronic,  and  geometric  properties  of  these  small  molecules,  which  are  facilitated  by  the  high  resolution  afforded  by  each  method.  Further,  recent  developments  have  enhanced  the  abilities  of  cryo-SEVI  to  probe  vibrationally  excited  anions  (IR-cryo-SEVI),  and  plans  are  underway  on  further  improving  the  cooling  abilities  of  the  machine  (cryo-cryo-SEVI),  allowing  for  an  expanded  range  of  viable  molecular  targets.  In  the  meantime,  there  is  a  vast  array  of  viable  molecular  species  accessible  to  both  cryo-SEVI  and  IRPD,  with  systems  studied  here  falling  into  the  categories  of  free  radicals,  interstellar  species,  and  metal  oxide  clusters.Anion  photoelectron  spectroscopy  (PES)  is  a  powerful  technique  for  studying  transient  neutral  species,  owing  to  the  ease  with  which  stable  anions  are  photodetached  to  access  these  states.  Cryo-SEVI  is  a  high-resolution  variant  of  anion  PES  that  exploits  the  resolving  properties  of  velocity-map  imaging  by  employing  a  tunable  laser  source  to  achieve  sub  millielectronvolt  (meV)  resolution  for  many  species.  This  is  further  enhanced  by  the  cryogenic  cooling  of  anions  in  a  radiofrequency  ion  trap  prior  to  photodetachment,  greatly  improving  spectral  clarity  and  giving  access  to  a  larger  array  of  systems.The  systems  capable  of  being  studied  by  cryo-SEVI,  however,  are  limited  by  the  ability  to  cool  them  sufficiently.  To  this  end,  development  of  a  second  ion  trap  has  begun,  allowing  for  the  study  of  larger  species,  especially  metal  oxides,  which  are  of  considerable  temperature  entering  the  trap.  Installing  this  second  trap  should  then  give  access  to  larger  clusters,  as  well  as  allow  for  the  introduction  of  a  reaction  gas  to  study  how  such  species  react  with  small  molecules,  possibly  elucidating  catalytic  reaction  mechanisms.Meanwhile,  IRPD  spectroscopy,  a  complementary  method  to  cryo-SEVI,  can  readily  characterize  the  structures  of  large  metal  oxide  clusters.  Here,  cations  (I+)  are  mass  selected,  collected  in  an  ion  trap,  and  messenger-tagged  with  He.  These  species  are  then  irradiated  with  intense,  tunable  IR  light  and  extracted  into  a  time-of-flight  mass  spectrometer  to  determine  the  depletion  of  I+He  as  a  function  of  photon  energy.  IRPD  spectra  then  yield  vibrational  frequencies  with  comparable  resolution  to  cryo-SEVI,  allowing  for  the  determination  of  geometries  and  vibrational  frequencies  when  compared  with  simulation.Carbon  and  silicon  carbide  clusters  are  structurally  complex  species  of  great  interest  in  interstellar,  plasma,  and  combustion  chemistry.  Cryo-SEVI  spectra  of  C7  and  C9  allow  for  the  extraction  of  previously  unresolved  vibrational  frequencies,  as  well  as  evidence  of  vibronic  coupling  effects  to  numerous  electronic  excited  states.  Small  silicon  carbides  are  important  astrochemically  as  a  number  of  them  have  been  observed  in  interstellar  space,  though  the  relative  energetics  of  many  of  these  species  are  in  question,  as  there  exist  multiple  low-lying  stable  isomers.  SEVI  spectra  of  4-atom  silicon  carbides  (Si3C,  Si2C2,  and  SiC3)  shed  light  on  this  energetic  ordering,  elucidate  new  vibrational  frequencies  in  these  species,  and  observe  the  first  Si2C2  structure  with  a  permanent  dipole.Among  the  free  radicals  studied  are  the  nitrate  radical  (NO3)  and  the  hydroxy  radical  (OH).  Cryo-SEVI  spectra  of  NO3  reveal  the  extent  to  which  vibronic  coupling  shapes  this  molecule's  vibrational  structure,  quelling  a  controversy  surrounding  the  position  of  the  ν3  mode  of  this  species.  Study  of  the  hydroxy  radical  was  facilitated  by  recent  development  of  IR-cryoSEVI,  wherein  anions  are  vibrationally  pre-excited  prior  to  photodetachment,  allowing  for  the  probing  of  previously  inaccessible  regions  of  the  neutral  potential  energy  surface.  This  method,  showcased  by  the  photodetachment  of  vibrationally-excited  OH−,  results  in  newly  allowed  features  to  arise  in  the  spectra  of  this  molecule  as  well  as  characterization  of  the  anion's  vibrational  frequency  without  the  use  of  a  messenger-tag,  as  is  in  IRPD.Transition  metal  oxides  serve  as  a  catalysts  for  many  fundamental  reactions  in  chemistry,  with  the  active  site  often  occurring  at  molecular-scale  defects.  Given  the  challenge  of  studying  such  active  sites,  it  has  become  commonplace  to  use  small  gas-phase  clusters  as  models  for  these  defect  sites,  which  have  the  benefit  of  being  easy  to  produce  and  tractable  for  theoretical  comparison.  The  cryo-SEVI  spectra  of  ZrO2  reacting  with  H2O  revealed  the  coexistence  of  two  structural  isomers  of  the  product,  arising  from  a  "hot"  ion  distribution  "frozen  in"  to  the  cold,  trapped  population.  Comparison  of  the  electron  affinities  of  this  and  the  titanium  analogue  of  the  system,  as  well  as  the  un-reacted  clusters,  provides  insight  into  the  reactivity  of  these  clusters.  Further,  the  IRPD  spectra  of  (NiOm)(Al2O3)n(AlO)+  with  m  =  1-2  and  n  =  1-3,  a  model  for  Ni/Al2O3  -  industrial  catalyst  for  oxidative  dehydrogenation  with  high  selectivity,  are  presented.  Comparison  with  theory  shows  that  the  structures  formed  lead  to  under-coordinated  Nickel  centers  that  may  elucidate  the  catalytic  mechanism  of  bulk  Ni/Al2O3.  Finally,  cryo-SEVI  spectra  of  NdO  characterize  the  energetics  of  this  species,  including  detachment  transitions  to  high-lying  excited  states  that  may  help  explain  previous  observations  from  atmospheric  release  experiments.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry.
■650  4▼aChemistry.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  chemistry.
■653    ▼aPhotoelectron  spectroscopy
■653    ▼aNitrate  radical
■653    ▼aIRPD  spectroscopy
■653    ▼aInfrared  photodissociation
■690    ▼a0494
■690    ▼a0371
■690    ▼a0485
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-04B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931088▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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