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The Tierras Observatory: An Ultra-Precise Time-Series Photometer to Characterize Nearby Low-Mass Stars and Their Terrestrial Exoplanets- [electronic resource]
The Tierras Observatory: An Ultra-Precise Time-Series Photometer to Characterize Nearby Lo...
The Tierras Observatory: An Ultra-Precise Time-Series Photometer to Characterize Nearby Low-Mass Stars and Their Terrestrial Exoplanets- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100450
ISBN  
9798379613495
DDC  
520
저자명  
Garcia-Mejia, Juliana.
서명/저자  
The Tierras Observatory: An Ultra-Precise Time-Series Photometer to Characterize Nearby Low-Mass Stars and Their Terrestrial Exoplanets - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Harvard University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(400 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Charbonneau, David;Fabricant, Daniel.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Although the study of exoplanets has seen dramatic advances in the past decade, the analogs of many of the denizens of our own Solar system remain beyond the grasp of our current observatories. Most of the known terrestrial exoplanets are significantly larger than the Earth, and it remains an open question whether Mars and Mercury-sized worlds are common. No exo-satellites or exo-rings have been discovered to-date. And, we've only begun to characterize the long term variability of stars and its impact on their attendant worlds. Time-series photometry is the path to significant progress on all these questions, but we are limited by the photometric precision of our observatories.In this thesis, I describe the design, construction, commissioning, on-sky performance, and first science results of the Tierras Observatory, a refurbished 1.3-m ultra-precise fully-automated photometer designed to further our understanding of terrestrial exoplanets, exo-satellites, and the variability of mid-to-late M dwarf stars. The observatory re-utilizes the 28-year-old 2MASS North telescope, located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory atop Mount Hopkins, Arizona. Tierras is designed to regularly achieve a photometric precision of 250 ppm on a time scale of both 10 minutes and across an observing season. I begin this thesis by detailing the five design choices that allow Tierras to achieve 250 ppm precision per 10-min bins, and recounting their execution. First is the optical and opto-mechanical design, alignment, bonding, and deployment of a four-lens focal reducer and field-flattener, which increases the field-of-view of the 1.3-m telescope from 0.19 degrees to 0.48 degrees on a side and allows us to accommodate an optimal number of comparison stars in the field and correct for atmospheric variation effects. Second is a custom narrow bandpass filter (FWHM 40 nm) centered around 863.5 nm to minimize precipitable water vapor errors known to limit state-of-the-art ground-based photometers targeting M dwarf stars. Third is a deep-depletion 4K x4K CCD with a quantum efficiency of 90% in the Tierras bandpass, operating in shutter-less, frame-transfer mode to minimize readout time and readout noise, while maximizing our time gathering science data. The CCD is housed inside a custom dewar, and cooled to −105◦C via a cryo-cooler requiring a single annual refill. Fourth, is a fully automated mode of operation, enabled by a fully refurbished telescope and dome that we retrofitted with absolute position encoders, a modern telescope control software, a new integrated (telescope and camera) control interface, and a fully operational observing robot. Fifth is a custom set of baffles, designed and built in-house, which reduce sky background by two orders of magnitude.In the second part of this thesis, I summarize the Tierras Observatory commissioning effort, present the results of our first year of science observations, and quantify our photometric precision as a function of bin size, and across the 2022-2023 observing season. I show that Tierras is already delivering 250-ppm precision light curves (in 10 min bins) for M dwarf stars of varied spectral types, and outline current and future efforts to improve the instrument's long-term photometric stability further. I conclude with a description of the observational efforts we plan to undertake during the next 3-5 years. We will survey stars known to host a transiting planet to search for additional terrestrial planets too small or too cool to be detected by TESS or other ground-based facilities; monitor known exoplanets (both terrestrials and jovians) at longer orbital periods to search for satellites or systems of circumstellar rings; and undertake a long term monitoring campaign to determine hitherto unmeasured rotation periods of M dwarf stars in a volume-complete sample.
일반주제명  
Astronomy.
일반주제명  
Astrophysics.
일반주제명  
Planetology.
키워드  
Exoplanets
키워드  
M dwarf stars
키워드  
Terrestrial planets
키워드  
Transit method
키워드  
Ultra-precise photometry
기타저자  
Harvard University Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aGarcia-Mejia,  Juliana.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-1361-985X
■24510▼aThe  Tierras  Observatory:  An  Ultra-Precise  Time-Series  Photometer  to  Characterize  Nearby  Low-Mass  Stars  and  Their  Terrestrial  Exoplanets▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(400  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Charbonneau,  David;Fabricant,  Daniel.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aAlthough  the  study  of  exoplanets  has  seen  dramatic  advances  in  the  past  decade,  the  analogs  of  many  of  the  denizens  of  our  own  Solar  system  remain  beyond  the  grasp  of  our  current  observatories.  Most  of  the  known  terrestrial  exoplanets  are  significantly  larger  than  the  Earth,  and  it  remains  an  open  question  whether  Mars  and  Mercury-sized  worlds  are  common.  No  exo-satellites  or  exo-rings  have  been  discovered  to-date.  And,  we've  only  begun  to  characterize  the  long  term  variability  of  stars  and  its  impact  on  their  attendant  worlds.  Time-series  photometry  is  the  path  to  significant  progress  on  all  these  questions,  but  we  are  limited  by  the  photometric  precision  of  our  observatories.In  this  thesis,  I  describe  the  design,  construction,  commissioning,  on-sky  performance,  and  first  science  results  of  the  Tierras  Observatory,  a  refurbished  1.3-m  ultra-precise  fully-automated  photometer  designed  to  further  our  understanding  of  terrestrial  exoplanets,  exo-satellites,  and  the  variability  of  mid-to-late  M  dwarf  stars.  The  observatory  re-utilizes  the  28-year-old  2MASS  North  telescope,  located  at  the  Fred  Lawrence  Whipple  Observatory  atop  Mount  Hopkins,  Arizona.  Tierras  is  designed  to  regularly  achieve  a  photometric  precision  of  250  ppm  on  a  time  scale  of  both  10  minutes  and  across  an  observing  season.  I  begin  this  thesis  by  detailing  the  five  design  choices  that  allow  Tierras  to  achieve  250  ppm  precision  per  10-min  bins,  and  recounting  their  execution.  First  is  the  optical  and  opto-mechanical  design,  alignment,  bonding,  and  deployment  of  a  four-lens  focal  reducer  and  field-flattener,  which  increases  the  field-of-view  of  the  1.3-m  telescope  from  0.19  degrees  to  0.48  degrees  on  a  side  and  allows  us  to  accommodate  an  optimal  number  of  comparison  stars  in  the  field  and  correct  for  atmospheric  variation  effects.  Second  is  a  custom  narrow  bandpass  filter  (FWHM  40  nm)  centered  around  863.5  nm  to  minimize  precipitable  water  vapor  errors  known  to  limit  state-of-the-art  ground-based  photometers  targeting  M  dwarf  stars.  Third  is  a  deep-depletion  4K  x4K  CCD  with  a  quantum  efficiency  of  90%  in  the  Tierras  bandpass,  operating  in  shutter-less,  frame-transfer  mode  to  minimize  readout  time  and  readout  noise,  while  maximizing  our  time  gathering  science  data.  The  CCD  is  housed  inside  a  custom  dewar,  and  cooled  to  −105◦C  via  a  cryo-cooler  requiring  a  single  annual  refill.  Fourth,  is  a  fully  automated  mode  of  operation,  enabled  by  a  fully  refurbished  telescope  and  dome  that  we  retrofitted  with  absolute  position  encoders,  a  modern  telescope  control  software,  a  new  integrated  (telescope  and  camera)  control  interface,  and  a  fully  operational  observing  robot.  Fifth  is  a  custom  set  of  baffles,  designed  and  built  in-house,  which  reduce  sky  background  by  two  orders  of  magnitude.In  the  second  part  of  this  thesis,  I  summarize  the  Tierras  Observatory  commissioning  effort,  present  the  results  of  our  first  year  of  science  observations,  and  quantify  our  photometric  precision  as  a  function  of  bin  size,  and  across  the  2022-2023  observing  season.  I  show  that  Tierras  is  already  delivering  250-ppm  precision  light  curves  (in  10  min  bins)  for  M  dwarf  stars  of  varied  spectral  types,  and  outline  current  and  future  efforts  to  improve  the  instrument's  long-term  photometric  stability  further.  I  conclude  with  a  description  of  the  observational  efforts  we  plan  to  undertake  during  the  next  3-5  years.  We  will  survey  stars  known  to  host  a  transiting  planet  to  search  for  additional  terrestrial  planets  too  small  or  too  cool  to  be  detected  by  TESS  or  other  ground-based  facilities;  monitor  known  exoplanets  (both  terrestrials  and  jovians)  at  longer  orbital  periods  to  search  for  satellites  or  systems  of  circumstellar  rings;  and  undertake  a  long  term  monitoring  campaign  to  determine  hitherto  unmeasured  rotation  periods  of  M  dwarf  stars  in  a  volume-complete  sample.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aAstronomy.
■650  4▼aAstrophysics.
■650  4▼aPlanetology.
■653    ▼aExoplanets
■653    ▼aM  dwarf  stars
■653    ▼aTerrestrial  planets
■653    ▼aTransit  method
■653    ▼aUltra-precise  photometry
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0596
■690    ▼a0590
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bAstronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16932376▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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