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Nucleic Acids as Direct Effectors in Gene Regulation: From Argonaute Proteins to Scalp Epigenomics- [electronic resource]
Nucleic Acids as Direct Effectors in Gene Regulation: From Argonaute Proteins to Scalp Epi...
Nucleic Acids as Direct Effectors in Gene Regulation: From Argonaute Proteins to Scalp Epigenomics- [electronic resource]

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214100353
ISBN  
9798379652760
DDC  
574
저자명  
Ober-Reynolds, Benjamin John.
서명/저자  
Nucleic Acids as Direct Effectors in Gene Regulation: From Argonaute Proteins to Scalp Epigenomics - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : Stanford University., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(243 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fire, Andrew Zachary;Kay, Mark Allan;Oro, Anthony;Greenleaf, William.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Much of the complexity of biology lies in the problem of how cells sharing the same, relatively static genetic code produce the vast diversity of cellular states and functions necessary for multicellular life. DNA and RNA are the storage and message molecules, respectively, of genetic information transfer, but these macromolecules have also been co-opted as direct functional players in the control of specific, contextdependent gene regulation. The vastness of sequence space and the challenge of generating quantitative, genome-scale datasets make understanding, predicting, and intervening in these modes of gene regulation daunting.The first part of this work addresses Argonaute family proteins, which load short nucleic acid guides to program specific binding to nucleic acid targets to regulate gene expression, host defense, and other biological functions. We deploy multiple highthroughput sequencing-based assays to measure the association rates, binding affinities, and single turnover cleavage rates for mouse Ago2 loaded with specific RNA guides against 40,000 unique RNA targets. We map sequence to structure to function relationships for Ago2 binding and cleavage, and show that our in vitro measurements can be used to predict gene repression in an engineered cellular system. We next use similar methodologic approaches to study an Argonaute protein derived from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus, TtAgo, that uses DNA guides to bind and cleave DNA targets at extreme temperatures. By measuring the binding of multiple DNA guides against thousands of targets each, we were able to construct general, quantitative models of association kinetics and binding affinity. We also show that guide sequence composition has dramatic effects on cleavage activity, suggesting that only a subset of guides are capable of cleaving targets at physiologically relevant temperatures.In the second part of this work, we examine a different form of gene regulation- the use of enhancers and other cis-regulatory elements to control gene expression in the many distinct cell types comprising human scalp. We generated paired single cell RNAand ATAC-sequencing datasets of primary human scalp. We use these integrated datasets to identify 'highly-regulated genes' linked to a disproportionately large number of enhancers and show that for a given highly-regulated gene expressed in multiple cell types, a greater number of linked enhancers is associated with higher levels of transcription. We demonstrate that genetic variation associated with skin and hair disease is specifically enriched in open chromatin regions of implicated cell types, including a strong association between dermal papilla cells and androgenetic alopecia. Using machine learning approaches, we further prioritize specific genetic variants that putatively disrupt transcription factor binding sites, leading to altered expression at disease-relevant genes.
일반주제명  
MicroRNAs.
일반주제명  
Acids.
일반주제명  
Baldness.
일반주제명  
Gene loci.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry.
일반주제명  
Genetics.
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■020    ▼a9798379652760
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)STANFORDwk187bf8932
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aOber-Reynolds,  Benjamin  John.
■24510▼aNucleic  Acids  as  Direct  Effectors  in  Gene  Regulation:  From  Argonaute  Proteins  to  Scalp  Epigenomics▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bStanford  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(243  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fire,  Andrew  Zachary;Kay,  Mark  Allan;Oro,  Anthony;Greenleaf,  William.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aMuch  of  the  complexity  of  biology  lies  in  the  problem  of  how  cells  sharing  the  same,  relatively  static  genetic  code  produce  the  vast  diversity  of  cellular  states  and  functions  necessary  for  multicellular  life.  DNA  and  RNA  are  the  storage  and  message  molecules,  respectively,  of  genetic  information  transfer,  but  these  macromolecules  have  also  been  co-opted  as  direct  functional  players  in  the  control  of  specific,  contextdependent  gene  regulation.  The  vastness  of  sequence  space  and  the  challenge  of  generating  quantitative,  genome-scale  datasets  make  understanding,  predicting,  and  intervening  in  these  modes  of  gene  regulation  daunting.The  first  part  of  this  work  addresses  Argonaute  family  proteins,  which  load  short  nucleic  acid  guides  to  program  specific  binding  to  nucleic  acid  targets  to  regulate  gene  expression,  host  defense,  and  other  biological  functions.  We  deploy  multiple  highthroughput  sequencing-based  assays  to  measure  the  association  rates,  binding  affinities,  and  single  turnover  cleavage  rates  for  mouse  Ago2  loaded  with  specific  RNA  guides  against  40,000  unique  RNA  targets.  We  map  sequence  to  structure  to  function  relationships  for  Ago2  binding  and  cleavage,  and  show  that  our  in  vitro  measurements  can  be  used  to  predict  gene  repression  in  an  engineered  cellular  system.  We  next  use  similar  methodologic  approaches  to  study  an  Argonaute  protein  derived  from  the  bacterium  Thermus  thermophilus,  TtAgo,  that  uses  DNA  guides  to  bind  and  cleave  DNA  targets  at  extreme  temperatures.  By  measuring  the  binding  of  multiple  DNA  guides  against  thousands  of  targets  each,  we  were  able  to  construct  general,  quantitative  models  of  association  kinetics  and  binding  affinity.  We  also  show  that  guide  sequence  composition  has  dramatic  effects  on  cleavage  activity,  suggesting  that  only  a  subset  of  guides  are  capable  of  cleaving  targets  at  physiologically  relevant  temperatures.In  the  second  part  of  this  work,  we  examine  a  different  form  of  gene  regulation-  the  use  of  enhancers  and  other  cis-regulatory  elements  to  control  gene  expression  in  the  many  distinct  cell  types  comprising  human  scalp.  We  generated  paired  single  cell  RNAand  ATAC-sequencing  datasets  of  primary  human  scalp.  We  use  these  integrated  datasets  to  identify  'highly-regulated  genes'  linked  to  a  disproportionately  large  number  of  enhancers  and  show  that  for  a  given  highly-regulated  gene  expressed  in  multiple  cell  types,  a  greater  number  of  linked  enhancers  is  associated  with  higher  levels  of  transcription.  We  demonstrate  that  genetic  variation  associated  with  skin  and  hair  disease  is  specifically  enriched  in  open  chromatin  regions  of  implicated  cell  types,  including  a  strong  association  between  dermal  papilla  cells  and  androgenetic  alopecia.  Using  machine  learning  approaches,  we  further  prioritize  specific  genetic  variants  that  putatively  disrupt  transcription  factor  binding  sites,  leading  to  altered  expression  at  disease-relevant  genes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aMicroRNAs.
■650  4▼aAcids.
■650  4▼aBaldness.
■650  4▼aGene  loci.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry.
■650  4▼aGenetics.
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931956▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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