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Characterizing Ion Correlation and Transport in Next-Generation Lithium Battery Electrolytes- [electronic resource]
Characterizing Ion Correlation and Transport in Next-Generation Lithium Battery Electrolyt...
Characterizing Ion Correlation and Transport in Next-Generation Lithium Battery Electrolytes- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101645
ISBN  
9798380366311
DDC  
660
저자명  
Bergstrom, Helen Kathryn.
서명/저자  
Characterizing Ion Correlation and Transport in Next-Generation Lithium Battery Electrolytes - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(131 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: McCloskey, Bryan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약Li-ion batteries are ubiquitous in present society in applications ranging from portable electronics and wearable to electric vehicles to grid energy storage. Given the maturity of the technology, lithium-ion batteries are likely to play an increasingly larger role in renewable energy storage as the global economy is decarbonized. Despite their ubiquity, improvements in Li-ion battery performance are still sought, with enhanced charging rates, increased energy density, reduced safety risks all being essential areas of ongoing development. The electrolyte has a significant impact on all of these areas of performance, with the rate of ion transport through the electrolyte limiting the battery charge and discharge rate as well as overall battery efficiency. Electrolyte properties also have a significant impact on the stability of electrode interfaces and long term cyclability. Building fundamental understanding of structure-property-performance relationships in battery materials is essential to developing design heuristics that will allow rapid development across all battery components. In this work, I contribute to this task by developing an understanding of the role of electrolyte composition and structure on ion transport properties in three classes of next-generation lithium electrolytes.In this thesis, I develop and apply spectroscopic and electrochemical methodologies to rigorously characterize ion transport in concentrated liquid electrolyte systems. Using these measurements and the Onsager transport framework, I develop molecular level insight as to the origins of these bulk transport properties. In chapter 2 of this dissertation, I also examine the social implications of lithium-ion battery technology development. In chapter 3, I examine existing electrochemical methodology used for transport characterization. Development of Li+-containing electrolytes with improved transport properties requires reliable, reproducible, and ideally low volume techniques to rigorously understand ion-transport with varying composition. I apply a potentiostatic polarization-based transport characterization approach to liquid electrolyte systems in an attempt to fully measure all transport coefficients (conductivity, total salt diffusion coefficient, thermodynamic factor and transference number) for the model system of LiPF6 in an ethylene carbonate - ethyl methyl carbonate (EC:EMC) mixture. Using systematic timescale and statistical analyses, I find that transport coefficients measured using potentiostatic polarization of Li-Li symmetric cells exhibit strong correlation to Li electrode interfacial resistance, indicating that such methods are probing both bulk and interfacial phenomena. As a result, I find that these commonly-used methods do not readily result in reliable liquid electrolyte transport coefficients.In chapter 4, I demonstrate alternate transport characterization techniques that can overcome the reliability issues of lithium polarization techniques discussed in chapter 3, and apply these to non-aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions (PESs). PESs have been proposed as high conductivity, high lithium transference number (t+) electrolytes where the majority of the ionic current is carried by the electrochemically active Li-ion. While PESs are intuitively appealing because anchoring the anion to a polymer backbone selectively slows down anionic motion and therefore increases t+, increasing the anion charge will act as a competing effect, decreasing t+. I directly measure ion mobilities in a model non-aqueous polyelectrolyte solution using electrophoretic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (eNMR) to probe these competing effects. While previous studies that rely on ideal assumptions predict that PESs will have higher t+ than monomeric solutions, I demonstrate that below the entanglement limit, both conductivity and t+ decrease with increasing degree of polymerization. I find that distinct anion-anion correlation through the polymer backbone and cation-anion correlation through ion aggregates is responsible for this reduction in t+ in PESs, leading me to conclude that short-chained polyelectrolyte solutions are not viable high t+ electrolytes.In chapter 5, I use eNMR and electrochemical techniques to fully characterize transport in two classes of next-generation electrolytes: high concentration electrolytes (HCEs) and localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) where a non-solvating diluent is added to HCEs. In both HCEs and LHCEs lithium salts are present at a similar mol fraction as solvents such that there is insufficient solvent to fully fill the Li+ primary solvation shell. The vastly different solvation environments in these systems is likely to result in different transport mechanisms than conventional concentrated electrolytes. I find that increasing viscosity alone cannot explain sharp drops in conductivity and ion self-diffusion observed as salt concentration increases. I find that t+ increases with increasing salt concentration and that an exceptional transference number of 0.52 is achieved in a 1.1:1 Li:solvent HCE due to fast ligand exchange and positively correlated cation motion- phenomena indicative of a concerted hopping lithium conduction mechanism. On the other hand, I find that similar salt:solvent molar ratio LHCEs have significantly lower t+, mainly due to an increase in anti-correlated cation-cation motion, indicating that diluents are likely interrupting the cation-hopping mechanism.The results of this thesis point to the importance of understanding molecular level ion-ion interaction when designing electrolytes with improved transport properties. The methodology combining eNMR methods and insights from the Onsager transport framework described herein have broad applicability to the design and study of liquid and polymer electrolytes.
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering.
일반주제명  
Energy.
일반주제명  
Polymer chemistry.
키워드  
Electrolyte engineering
키워드  
Li-ion battery
키워드  
Transference number
키워드  
Polymer electrolytes
키워드  
Transport properties
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a660
■1001  ▼aBergstrom,  Helen  Kathryn.
■24510▼aCharacterizing  Ion  Correlation  and  Transport  in  Next-Generation  Lithium  Battery  Electrolytes▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(131  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  McCloskey,  Bryan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aLi-ion  batteries  are  ubiquitous  in  present  society  in  applications  ranging  from  portable  electronics  and  wearable  to  electric  vehicles  to  grid  energy  storage.  Given  the  maturity  of  the  technology,  lithium-ion  batteries  are  likely  to  play  an  increasingly  larger  role  in  renewable  energy  storage  as  the  global  economy  is  decarbonized.  Despite  their  ubiquity,  improvements  in  Li-ion  battery  performance  are  still  sought,  with  enhanced  charging  rates,  increased  energy  density,  reduced  safety  risks  all  being  essential  areas  of  ongoing  development.  The  electrolyte  has  a  significant  impact  on  all  of  these  areas  of  performance,  with  the  rate  of  ion  transport  through  the  electrolyte  limiting  the  battery  charge  and  discharge  rate  as  well  as  overall  battery  efficiency.  Electrolyte  properties  also  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  stability  of  electrode  interfaces  and  long  term  cyclability.  Building  fundamental  understanding  of  structure-property-performance  relationships  in  battery  materials  is  essential  to  developing  design  heuristics  that  will  allow  rapid  development  across  all  battery  components.  In  this  work,  I  contribute  to  this  task  by  developing  an  understanding  of  the  role  of  electrolyte  composition  and  structure  on  ion  transport  properties  in  three  classes  of  next-generation  lithium  electrolytes.In  this  thesis,  I  develop  and  apply  spectroscopic  and  electrochemical  methodologies  to  rigorously  characterize  ion  transport  in  concentrated  liquid  electrolyte  systems.  Using  these  measurements  and  the  Onsager  transport  framework,  I  develop  molecular  level  insight  as  to  the  origins  of  these  bulk  transport  properties.  In  chapter  2  of  this  dissertation,  I  also  examine  the  social  implications  of  lithium-ion  battery  technology  development.  In  chapter  3,  I  examine  existing  electrochemical  methodology  used  for  transport  characterization.  Development  of  Li+-containing  electrolytes  with  improved  transport  properties  requires  reliable,  reproducible,  and  ideally  low  volume  techniques  to  rigorously  understand  ion-transport  with  varying  composition.  I  apply  a  potentiostatic  polarization-based  transport  characterization  approach  to  liquid  electrolyte  systems  in  an  attempt  to  fully  measure  all  transport  coefficients  (conductivity,  total  salt  diffusion  coefficient,  thermodynamic  factor  and  transference  number)  for  the  model  system  of  LiPF6  in  an  ethylene  carbonate  -  ethyl  methyl  carbonate  (EC:EMC)  mixture.  Using  systematic  timescale  and  statistical  analyses,  I  find  that  transport  coefficients  measured  using  potentiostatic  polarization  of  Li-Li  symmetric  cells  exhibit  strong  correlation  to  Li  electrode  interfacial  resistance,  indicating  that  such  methods  are  probing  both  bulk  and  interfacial  phenomena.  As  a  result,  I  find  that  these  commonly-used  methods  do  not  readily  result  in  reliable  liquid  electrolyte  transport  coefficients.In  chapter  4,  I  demonstrate  alternate  transport  characterization  techniques  that  can  overcome  the  reliability  issues  of  lithium  polarization  techniques  discussed  in  chapter  3,  and  apply  these  to  non-aqueous  polyelectrolyte  solutions  (PESs).  PESs  have  been  proposed  as  high  conductivity,  high  lithium  transference  number  (t+)  electrolytes  where  the  majority  of  the  ionic  current  is  carried  by  the  electrochemically  active  Li-ion.  While  PESs  are  intuitively  appealing  because  anchoring  the  anion  to  a  polymer  backbone  selectively  slows  down  anionic  motion  and  therefore  increases  t+,  increasing  the  anion  charge  will  act  as  a  competing  effect,  decreasing  t+.  I  directly  measure  ion  mobilities  in  a  model  non-aqueous  polyelectrolyte  solution  using  electrophoretic  Nuclear  Magnetic  Resonance  Spectroscopy  (eNMR)  to  probe  these  competing  effects.  While  previous  studies  that  rely  on  ideal  assumptions  predict  that  PESs  will  have  higher  t+  than  monomeric  solutions,  I  demonstrate  that  below  the  entanglement  limit,  both  conductivity  and  t+  decrease  with  increasing  degree  of  polymerization.  I  find  that  distinct  anion-anion  correlation  through  the  polymer  backbone  and  cation-anion  correlation  through  ion  aggregates  is  responsible  for  this  reduction  in  t+  in  PESs,  leading  me  to  conclude  that  short-chained  polyelectrolyte  solutions  are  not  viable  high  t+  electrolytes.In  chapter  5,  I  use  eNMR  and  electrochemical  techniques  to  fully  characterize  transport  in  two  classes  of  next-generation  electrolytes:  high  concentration  electrolytes  (HCEs)  and  localized  high  concentration  electrolytes  (LHCEs)  where  a  non-solvating  diluent  is  added  to  HCEs.  In  both  HCEs  and  LHCEs  lithium  salts  are  present  at  a  similar  mol  fraction  as  solvents  such  that  there  is  insufficient  solvent  to  fully  fill  the  Li+  primary  solvation  shell.  The  vastly  different  solvation  environments  in  these  systems  is  likely  to  result  in  different  transport  mechanisms  than  conventional  concentrated  electrolytes.  I  find  that  increasing  viscosity  alone  cannot  explain  sharp  drops  in  conductivity  and  ion  self-diffusion  observed  as  salt  concentration  increases.  I  find  that  t+  increases  with  increasing  salt  concentration  and  that  an  exceptional  transference  number  of  0.52  is  achieved  in  a  1.1:1  Li:solvent  HCE  due  to  fast  ligand  exchange  and  positively  correlated  cation  motion-  phenomena  indicative  of  a  concerted  hopping  lithium  conduction  mechanism.  On  the  other  hand,  I  find  that  similar  salt:solvent  molar  ratio  LHCEs  have  significantly  lower  t+,  mainly  due  to  an  increase  in  anti-correlated  cation-cation  motion,  indicating  that  diluents  are  likely  interrupting  the  cation-hopping  mechanism.The  results  of  this  thesis  point  to  the  importance  of  understanding  molecular  level  ion-ion  interaction  when  designing  electrolytes  with  improved  transport  properties.  The  methodology  combining  eNMR  methods  and  insights  from  the  Onsager  transport  framework  described  herein  have  broad  applicability  to  the  design  and  study  of  liquid  and  polymer  electrolytes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering.
■650  4▼aEnergy.
■650  4▼aPolymer  chemistry.
■653    ▼aElectrolyte  engineering
■653    ▼aLi-ion  battery
■653    ▼aTransference  number
■653    ▼aPolymer  electrolytes
■653    ▼aTransport  properties
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0495
■690    ▼a0791
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16934716▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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