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Exploring Education Policies and Their Socioeconomic Implications: Evidence and Insights From Juvenile Crime, College Admissions, and Gender Bias- [electronic resource]
Exploring Education Policies and Their Socioeconomic Implications: Evidence and Insights F...
Exploring Education Policies and Their Socioeconomic Implications: Evidence and Insights From Juvenile Crime, College Admissions, and Gender Bias- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문파일 국외
최종처리일시  
20240214101655
ISBN  
9798380366267
DDC  
378
저자명  
Reyes Hinrichsen, Tatiana A.
서명/저자  
Exploring Education Policies and Their Socioeconomic Implications: Evidence and Insights From Juvenile Crime, College Admissions, and Gender Bias - [electronic resource]
발행사항  
[S.l.]: : University of California, Berkeley., 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2023
형태사항  
1 online resource(168 p.)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Card, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2023.
사용제한주기  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation examines the different aspects of education policies and their socioeconomic implications through three distinct research papers. The first chapter investigates the causal impact of grade retention in primary school on juvenile crime in Chile and it was written jointly with Juan Diaz, Nicolas Grau, and Jorge Rivera. Utilizing a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, the study finds that repeating an early grade in primary school reduces the probability of committing a crime as a juvenile by 14.5 percentage points. By employing a dynamic model, the research demonstrates that the observed result is primarily driven by two mechanisms associated with the timing of grade retention. First, grade retention in early grades decreases the likelihood of subsequent retention in later grades. Second, late grade retention in primary education exerts a stronger positive effect on crime reduction compared to direct effects in early grades. The findings suggest that, if grade retention remains an ongoing policy, its optimal implementation at the margin should involve retaining students in early grades to prevent retention in later ones.The second chapter explores the equity and efficiency effects of a 2013 reform in the Chilean college admissions system. This reform aimed to increase equity by introducing a third component based on the student's GPA relative to the historical average at their high school. By simulating the admission mechanism with and without the relative GPA boost, the study categorizes applicants into three groups: those who gained access to more selective programs (pulled-up), those who lost access to more selective programs (pushed-down), and those whose admission was unaffected. Employing a difference-in-differences design, the research estimates the impacts of the reform on enrollment, persistence, and graduation. Pulled-up students were able to persist in their newly accessed programs, leading to more selective degree attainment without significant effects on overall BA completion. Pushed-down students, predominantly from better-educated/higher-income families, experienced comparable reductions in the probability of graduating from selective programs, offset by gains in graduation from less selective programs. The study concludes that the reform improved equity with minimal or no loss in efficiency.The third chapter estimates gender bias in a college admissions system based on standardized test scores and was jointly written with Matias Grau, Nicolas Grau, and Damian Vergara. This research applies standard discrimination literature tools in the context of the Chilean centralized admission system. We show that marginally enrolled female applicants exhibit higher first-year grades and are more likely to graduate on time compared to marginally enrolled male applicants. By employing an outcome test model, the research translates outcome differences into disparities in selection thresholds. We interpret this result as gender bias against females who, being "equally qualified" - based on their latent college performance - are not admitted into the program. Approximately 10% of enrolled male students would not have been admitted to their programs under the female effective selection thresholds. A counterfactual exercise simulating the college assignment algorithm with gender-targeted test-score inflation to correct for estimated bias suggests that such a policy would enable an improvement for 2% of female applicants in their preferred options relative to the observed assignment. Similar size effects are found with a decrease in the test score weight assigned to the application score formula. Collectively, these research papers shed light on the complex relationships between education policies, socioeconomic outcomes, and student trajectories, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based policy recommendations to promote equitable educational systems.
일반주제명  
Higher education.
일반주제명  
Education policy.
키워드  
Socioeconomic implications
키워드  
Gender bias
키워드  
Graduation
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03A.
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■0820  ▼a378
■1001  ▼aReyes  Hinrichsen,  Tatiana  A.
■24510▼aExploring  Education  Policies  and  Their  Socioeconomic  Implications:  Evidence  and  Insights  From  Juvenile  Crime,  College  Admissions,  and  Gender  Bias▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]:▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor  :▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses,  ▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(168  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Card,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  examines  the  different  aspects  of  education  policies  and  their  socioeconomic  implications  through  three  distinct  research  papers.  The  first  chapter  investigates  the  causal  impact  of  grade  retention  in  primary  school  on  juvenile  crime  in  Chile  and  it  was  written  jointly  with  Juan  Diaz,  Nicolas  Grau,  and  Jorge  Rivera.  Utilizing  a  fuzzy  regression  discontinuity  design,  the  study  finds  that  repeating  an  early  grade  in  primary  school  reduces  the  probability  of  committing  a  crime  as  a  juvenile  by  14.5  percentage  points.  By  employing  a  dynamic  model,  the  research  demonstrates  that  the  observed  result  is  primarily  driven  by  two  mechanisms  associated  with  the  timing  of  grade  retention.  First,  grade  retention  in  early  grades  decreases  the  likelihood  of  subsequent  retention  in  later  grades.  Second,  late  grade  retention  in  primary  education  exerts  a  stronger  positive  effect  on  crime  reduction  compared  to  direct  effects  in  early  grades.  The  findings  suggest  that,  if  grade  retention  remains  an  ongoing  policy,  its  optimal  implementation  at  the  margin  should  involve  retaining  students  in  early  grades  to  prevent  retention  in  later  ones.The  second  chapter  explores  the  equity  and  efficiency  effects  of  a  2013  reform  in  the  Chilean  college  admissions  system.  This  reform  aimed  to  increase  equity  by  introducing  a  third  component  based  on  the  student's  GPA  relative  to  the  historical  average  at  their  high  school.  By  simulating  the  admission  mechanism  with  and  without  the  relative  GPA  boost,  the  study  categorizes  applicants  into  three  groups:  those  who  gained  access  to  more  selective  programs  (pulled-up),  those  who  lost  access  to  more  selective  programs  (pushed-down),  and  those  whose  admission  was  unaffected.  Employing  a  difference-in-differences  design,  the  research  estimates  the  impacts  of  the  reform  on  enrollment,  persistence,  and  graduation.  Pulled-up  students  were  able  to  persist  in  their  newly  accessed  programs,  leading  to  more  selective  degree  attainment  without  significant  effects  on  overall  BA  completion.  Pushed-down  students,  predominantly  from  better-educated/higher-income  families,  experienced  comparable  reductions  in  the  probability  of  graduating  from  selective  programs,  offset  by  gains  in  graduation  from  less  selective  programs.  The  study  concludes  that  the  reform  improved  equity  with  minimal  or  no  loss  in  efficiency.The  third  chapter  estimates  gender  bias  in  a  college  admissions  system  based  on  standardized  test  scores  and  was  jointly  written  with  Matias  Grau,  Nicolas  Grau,  and  Damian  Vergara.  This  research  applies  standard  discrimination  literature  tools  in  the  context  of  the  Chilean  centralized  admission  system.  We  show  that  marginally  enrolled  female  applicants  exhibit  higher  first-year  grades  and  are  more  likely  to  graduate  on  time  compared  to  marginally  enrolled  male  applicants.  By  employing  an  outcome  test  model,  the  research  translates  outcome  differences  into  disparities  in  selection  thresholds.  We  interpret  this  result  as  gender  bias  against  females  who,  being  "equally  qualified"  -  based  on  their  latent  college  performance  -  are  not  admitted  into  the  program.  Approximately  10%  of  enrolled  male  students  would  not  have  been  admitted  to  their  programs  under  the  female  effective  selection  thresholds.  A  counterfactual  exercise  simulating  the  college  assignment  algorithm  with  gender-targeted  test-score  inflation  to  correct  for  estimated  bias  suggests  that  such  a  policy  would  enable  an  improvement  for  2%  of  female  applicants  in  their  preferred  options  relative  to  the  observed  assignment.  Similar  size  effects  are  found  with  a  decrease  in  the  test  score  weight  assigned  to  the  application  score  formula.  Collectively,  these  research  papers  shed  light  on  the  complex  relationships  between  education  policies,  socioeconomic  outcomes,  and  student  trajectories,  emphasizing  the  importance  of  evidence-based  policy  recommendations  to  promote  equitable  educational  systems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aHigher  education.
■650  4▼aEducation  policy.
■653    ▼aSocioeconomic  implications
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■653    ▼aGraduation
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■690    ▼a0745
■690    ▼a0458
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16934802▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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