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Characterizing Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Computational Modeling, Novel Neurocognitive Tests, and Eye-Tracking- [electronic resource]
Characterizing Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Computational Modeling, Novel Neurocognitive Tests, and Eye-Tracking- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문파일 국외
- 최종처리일시
- 20240214101938
- ISBN
- 9798380183413
- DDC
- 150
- 서명/저자
- Characterizing Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Computational Modeling, Novel Neurocognitive Tests, and Eye-Tracking - [electronic resource]
- 발행사항
- [S.l.]: : The Ohio State University., 2022
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,, 2022
- 형태사항
- 1 online resource(301 p.)
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Van Zandt, Trish.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.
- 사용제한주기
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in younger adults is rising. Laboratory tests (also known as neurocognitive testing) have been used to understand ADHD-specific characteristics in cognition, complementing clinical questionnaires and interviews. It is important to better characterize ADHD because affected people have diverse symptoms, and they often require different treatments. However, current research using neurocognitive testing has limitations: 1) it focuses on ADHD subgroups such as boys; 2) the sensitivity of existing tests to detect clinical characteristics is in question; 3) results are analyzed with summary statistics unsuitable for the study of individual differences and the entire ADHD spectrum; 4) current reviews suggest that conflict processing is a promising but understudied domain for understanding ADHD-specific characteristics.Computational psychiatry is a growing field of research offering new tools to link physiological data with behavioral data derived from neurocognitive testing. The objectives of this dissertation are to explore an improved test environment for ADHD. Specifically, developing and implementing cognitive and social-cognitive tests which tap into the domain of conflict processing; which integrate research in cognitive psychology; and which are suitable for the application of computational modeling. The aims are to: 1) characterize decision-making processes of younger adults with ADHD; 2) study how individual differences relate to symptom severity; and 3) link test performance to physiological measures collected with eye-tracking.The developed test environment, as part of this dissertation, consisted of a cognitive and social-cognitive computerized test that tapped into the processing of perceptual and motivational conflict, respectively. Sixty-eight adults (aged 18-35, gender balanced, nADHD=34, ncontrols=34) completed these tests, while I collected eye-tracking measures. I used computational modeling and machine learning to characterize ADHD phenotypes. Considering individual differences, I examined how model components changed across test conditions and how they related to the severity of ADHD symptoms.I found that perceptual and motivational conflict, as measured with the self-developed tests, revealed ADHD-specific characteristics. Specifically, younger adults diagnosed with ADHD differed from those without any mental disorders in both behavioral performance and eye dynamics in both tests. In the first cognitive test, meant for studying perceptual conflict, broader visual processing and distinct pupil dynamics facilitated resolving perceptual conflict and compensated for ADHD distractibility. In the second social-cognitive test, meant for studying motivational conflict, ADHD was associated with more focus on the gains of cooperation rather than on the costs and risks. This resulted in more cooperativeness, particularly when stakes were high. Moreover, higher severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with more sensitivity to contextual changes. This latter finding highlights the clinical importance of studying social-cognitive characteristics with experimental paradigms. More studies are needed which replicate these results, and which investigate whether this integrated test environment is useful for tailoring treatments.
- 일반주제명
- Psychology.
- 일반주제명
- Neurobiology.
- 일반주제명
- Neurosciences.
- 일반주제명
- Cognitive psychology.
- 키워드
- Eye-tracking
- 키워드
- Younger adults
- 기타저자
- The Ohio State University Psychology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstract International
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■0820 ▼a150
■1001 ▼aGing Jehli, Nadja Rita.
■24510▼aCharacterizing Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Computational Modeling, Novel Neurocognitive Tests, and Eye-Tracking▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]:▼bThe Ohio State University. ▼c2022
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor :▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ▼c2022
■300 ▼a1 online resource(301 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Van Zandt, Trish.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aThe diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in younger adults is rising. Laboratory tests (also known as neurocognitive testing) have been used to understand ADHD-specific characteristics in cognition, complementing clinical questionnaires and interviews. It is important to better characterize ADHD because affected people have diverse symptoms, and they often require different treatments. However, current research using neurocognitive testing has limitations: 1) it focuses on ADHD subgroups such as boys; 2) the sensitivity of existing tests to detect clinical characteristics is in question; 3) results are analyzed with summary statistics unsuitable for the study of individual differences and the entire ADHD spectrum; 4) current reviews suggest that conflict processing is a promising but understudied domain for understanding ADHD-specific characteristics.Computational psychiatry is a growing field of research offering new tools to link physiological data with behavioral data derived from neurocognitive testing. The objectives of this dissertation are to explore an improved test environment for ADHD. Specifically, developing and implementing cognitive and social-cognitive tests which tap into the domain of conflict processing; which integrate research in cognitive psychology; and which are suitable for the application of computational modeling. The aims are to: 1) characterize decision-making processes of younger adults with ADHD; 2) study how individual differences relate to symptom severity; and 3) link test performance to physiological measures collected with eye-tracking.The developed test environment, as part of this dissertation, consisted of a cognitive and social-cognitive computerized test that tapped into the processing of perceptual and motivational conflict, respectively. Sixty-eight adults (aged 18-35, gender balanced, nADHD=34, ncontrols=34) completed these tests, while I collected eye-tracking measures. I used computational modeling and machine learning to characterize ADHD phenotypes. Considering individual differences, I examined how model components changed across test conditions and how they related to the severity of ADHD symptoms.I found that perceptual and motivational conflict, as measured with the self-developed tests, revealed ADHD-specific characteristics. Specifically, younger adults diagnosed with ADHD differed from those without any mental disorders in both behavioral performance and eye dynamics in both tests. In the first cognitive test, meant for studying perceptual conflict, broader visual processing and distinct pupil dynamics facilitated resolving perceptual conflict and compensated for ADHD distractibility. In the second social-cognitive test, meant for studying motivational conflict, ADHD was associated with more focus on the gains of cooperation rather than on the costs and risks. This resulted in more cooperativeness, particularly when stakes were high. Moreover, higher severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with more sensitivity to contextual changes. This latter finding highlights the clinical importance of studying social-cognitive characteristics with experimental paradigms. More studies are needed which replicate these results, and which investigate whether this integrated test environment is useful for tailoring treatments.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0168.
■650 4▼aPsychology.
■650 4▼aNeurobiology.
■650 4▼aNeurosciences.
■650 4▼aPhysiological psychology.
■650 4▼aCognitive psychology.
■653 ▼aComputational psychiatry
■653 ▼aAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
■653 ▼aNeurocognitive testing
■653 ▼aEye-tracking
■653 ▼aConflict processing
■653 ▼aYounger adults
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0317
■690 ▼a0633
■690 ▼a0989
■71020▼aThe Ohio State University▼bPsychology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-03B.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0168
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2022
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935479▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024
