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The Relationship Between Flexoelectricity and Triboelectricity
The Relationship Between Flexoelectricity and Triboelectricity
The Relationship Between Flexoelectricity and Triboelectricity

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152834
ISBN  
9798346856740
DDC  
530
저자명  
Olson, Karl P.
서명/저자  
The Relationship Between Flexoelectricity and Triboelectricity
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
127 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Marks, Laurence D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Triboelectricity, the charge transfer that occurs when materials contact or rub, has been studied for centuries. Despite this, the fundamental physics of this charge transfer remain a mystery when at least one of the materials is non-metallic. Flexoelectricity, the coupling of strain gradients with electrical polarization present in all non-metals, was recently proposed as a major driving force behind triboelectricity when combined with the contact of asperities, or the small protrusions at the surface of nominally flat surfaces that truly contact the opposite surface. This dissertation introduces a model of triboelectricity based on flexoelectricity and other well-established physics and validates the model through a combination of experiments directly part of this work and analysis using a wide range of previously published triboelectric experiments.A triboelectric contact model involving a Pt0.8Ir0.2 sphere contacting a Nb-doped SrTiO3 half-space uses Hertzian contact mechanics to determine the stress in the SrTiO3. The resulting strain and strain gradient produce electromechanical changes in the half-space, including a flexoelectric polarization and a potential specific to the relevant electronic band due to the deformation potential and the shift in the mean inner potential with strain. Additionally, the purely electronic effect of depletion region formation at the Schottky contact formed between the two materials is included. These electromechanical effects are calculated numerically and validated by atomic force microscope experiments.Experimental validation is achieved by contacting Nb-doped SrTiO3 samples with a Pt0.8Ir0.2 probe at various forces. This forms a Schottky diode, and at each force, the current is measured as a function of the bias voltage across the probe and sample. From this data, the Schottky barrier height and other parameters are calculated for thermionic emission and thermally assisted tunneling. Because of the electromechanical response of the SrTiO3, the parameters are dependent on the contact force. Across the range of forces, the experimental values of the barrier height and current are compared to those calculated from the theoretical model are shown to have excellent agreement.With a sound model of electromechanical effects in triboelectric contacts, the focus is turned to determining the charge transfer. Bound charges are shown to result from the flexoelectric polarization, and these, along with the space charge of the depletion region, must be compensated by free charges. These free charges are the triboelectric charges transferred during contact. Cases that depend on specific material system parameters, such as the barrier height, surface and bulk conductivities, and amount of electronic trap states at the surface, determine which of the compensating charges are involved in charge transfer. Again, this model is implemented numerically and predictions of charge transfer are possible for given material systems.The theory and computational model are also extended to include contacts with non-spherical shapes that encompass bounding cases of real asperity shapes. The scaling of charge transfer with the contact force and asperity size is shown to strongly depend on the geometry of the asperity. Also considered is sliding triboelectricity, which involves tangential forces that break the symmetry of the contact and lead to a constant tribocurrent during sliding.Finally, the charge transfer theory, including the asperity shape and sliding extensions, is analyzed in the context of numerous published triboelectric experiments. The model is shown to explain qualitative trends in these results, such as increased charging with larger contact forces or increased tribocurrent with faster sliding speeds. It also quantitatively predicts the triboelectric charging for particle impacts and surfaces with artificially-shaped asperities, as well as tribocurrents when atomic force microscope probes slide against surfaces.
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Nanoscience
일반주제명  
Materials science
키워드  
Asperity
키워드  
Atomic force microscopy
키워드  
Bound charge
키워드  
Electromechanics
키워드  
Flexoelectricity
키워드  
Triboelectricity
기타저자  
Northwestern University Materials Science and Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798346856740
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31560999
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a530
■1001  ▼aOlson,  Karl  P.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5339-1883
■24510▼aThe  Relationship  Between  Flexoelectricity  and  Triboelectricity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a127  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Marks,  Laurence  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aTriboelectricity,  the  charge  transfer  that  occurs  when  materials  contact  or  rub,  has  been  studied  for  centuries.  Despite  this,  the  fundamental  physics  of  this  charge  transfer  remain  a  mystery  when  at  least  one  of  the  materials  is  non-metallic.  Flexoelectricity,  the  coupling  of  strain  gradients  with  electrical  polarization  present  in  all  non-metals,  was  recently  proposed  as  a  major  driving  force  behind  triboelectricity  when  combined  with  the  contact  of  asperities,  or  the  small  protrusions  at  the  surface  of  nominally  flat  surfaces  that  truly  contact  the  opposite  surface.  This  dissertation  introduces  a  model  of  triboelectricity  based  on  flexoelectricity  and  other  well-established  physics  and  validates  the  model  through  a  combination  of  experiments  directly  part  of  this  work  and  analysis  using  a  wide  range  of  previously  published  triboelectric  experiments.A  triboelectric  contact  model  involving  a  Pt0.8Ir0.2  sphere  contacting  a  Nb-doped  SrTiO3  half-space  uses  Hertzian  contact  mechanics  to  determine  the  stress  in  the  SrTiO3.  The  resulting  strain  and  strain  gradient  produce  electromechanical  changes  in  the  half-space,  including  a  flexoelectric  polarization  and  a  potential  specific  to  the  relevant  electronic  band  due  to  the  deformation  potential  and  the  shift  in  the  mean  inner  potential  with  strain.  Additionally,  the  purely  electronic  effect  of  depletion  region  formation  at  the  Schottky  contact  formed  between  the  two  materials  is  included.  These  electromechanical  effects  are  calculated  numerically  and  validated  by  atomic  force  microscope  experiments.Experimental  validation  is  achieved  by  contacting  Nb-doped  SrTiO3  samples  with  a  Pt0.8Ir0.2  probe  at  various  forces.  This  forms  a  Schottky  diode,  and  at  each  force,  the  current  is  measured  as  a  function  of  the  bias  voltage  across  the  probe  and  sample.  From  this  data,  the  Schottky  barrier  height  and  other  parameters  are  calculated  for  thermionic  emission  and  thermally  assisted  tunneling.  Because  of  the  electromechanical  response  of  the  SrTiO3,  the  parameters  are  dependent  on  the  contact  force.  Across  the  range  of  forces,  the  experimental  values  of  the  barrier  height  and  current  are  compared  to  those  calculated  from  the  theoretical  model  are  shown  to  have  excellent  agreement.With  a  sound  model  of  electromechanical  effects  in  triboelectric  contacts,  the  focus  is  turned  to  determining  the  charge  transfer.  Bound  charges  are  shown  to  result  from  the  flexoelectric  polarization,  and  these,  along  with  the  space  charge  of  the  depletion  region,  must  be  compensated  by  free  charges.  These  free  charges  are  the  triboelectric  charges  transferred  during  contact.  Cases  that  depend  on  specific  material  system  parameters,  such  as  the  barrier  height,  surface  and  bulk  conductivities,  and  amount  of  electronic  trap  states  at  the  surface,  determine  which  of  the  compensating  charges  are  involved  in  charge  transfer.  Again,  this  model  is  implemented  numerically  and  predictions  of  charge  transfer  are  possible  for  given  material  systems.The  theory  and  computational  model  are  also  extended  to  include  contacts  with  non-spherical  shapes  that  encompass  bounding  cases  of  real  asperity  shapes.  The  scaling  of  charge  transfer  with  the  contact  force  and  asperity  size  is  shown  to  strongly  depend  on  the  geometry  of  the  asperity.  Also  considered  is  sliding  triboelectricity,  which  involves  tangential  forces  that  break  the  symmetry  of  the  contact  and  lead  to  a  constant  tribocurrent  during  sliding.Finally,  the  charge  transfer  theory,  including  the  asperity  shape  and  sliding  extensions,  is  analyzed  in  the  context  of  numerous  published  triboelectric  experiments.  The  model  is  shown  to  explain  qualitative  trends  in  these  results,  such  as  increased  charging  with  larger  contact  forces  or  increased  tribocurrent  with  faster  sliding  speeds.  It  also  quantitatively  predicts  the  triboelectric  charging  for  particle  impacts  and  surfaces  with  artificially-shaped  asperities,  as  well  as  tribocurrents  when  atomic  force  microscope  probes  slide  against  surfaces.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aNanoscience
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■653    ▼aAsperity
■653    ▼aAtomic  force  microscopy
■653    ▼aBound  charge
■653    ▼aElectromechanics
■653    ▼aFlexoelectricity
■653    ▼aTriboelectricity
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0611
■690    ▼a0565
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bMaterials  Science  and  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164117▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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