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Learning Hidden Structure: Derived Environment Effects and the Richness of the Base
Learning Hidden Structure: Derived Environment Effects and the Richness of the Base
Learning Hidden Structure: Derived Environment Effects and the Richness of the Base

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151045
ISBN  
9798381968682
DDC  
401
저자명  
Tan, Adeline R.
서명/저자  
Learning Hidden Structure: Derived Environment Effects and the Richness of the Base
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
244 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-09, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zuraw, Kie Ross.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Hidden structure refers to the units of organization that a child cannot directly observe when they are learning language (e.g. phonemes, morpheme boundaries, URs, phrases). In this dissertation, I propose a novel computational model that learns hidden structures in-tandem with the grammar. My model consists of two Maximum Entropy sub-models that are chained via the product rule. Since I treat the hidden structure as a latent variable, the learner is free to match the observed surface pattern via different intermediary URs. Latent variable models have no guarantee of concavity, so I develop a novel sampling technique to simulate a population of language learners.When presented with the same surface information, different human learners may arrive at different analyses (i.e. inter-speaker variation in analyses). In a production task with the -ity suffix and nonce stems, Pierrehumbert (2006) found that 2 in 10 participants never applied velar softening. This suggests that approximately 20% of learners may not learn the grammar for velar softening, but may instead memorize full underlying forms (e.g. /ɪlɛktɹɪsɪti/) for existing words. For velar softening, my model not only correctly predicts that there are multiple solutions for one surface pattern, it also correctly predicts the proportion of human speakers that will pick each solution.In the Rich Base problem, there are two grammars that satisfy one surface pattern. However, humans only acquire one grammar - the Rich Base Grammar (as evidenced by loan word adaptation). In my simulated population of language learners, I find an overwhelming preference for the Rich Base Grammar to be learned. This preference emerges from my model's ability to leverage the superior utility of the Rich Base Grammar over its non-Rich Base counterpart (without needing to build in any extra mechanisms or biases).English CiV lengthening appears at first blush to be a derived environment effect, whose triggering condition - the derived environment - cannot be directly observed. My experiments confirm the productivity of CiV lengthening. I reanalyze CiV lengthening as the emergence of the unmarked Stress-to-Weight Principle, thus simplifying CiV Lengthening from a complex hidden structure problem to a surface true phenomenon.
일반주제명  
Linguistics
일반주제명  
Language
일반주제명  
Sociolinguistics
키워드  
Emergence of the unmarked
키워드  
Hidden structure
키워드  
Maximum entropy
키워드  
Phonology
키워드  
Underlying representation
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Linguistics 0510
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-09A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31140695
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a401
■1001  ▼aTan,  Adeline  R.
■24510▼aLearning  Hidden  Structure:  Derived  Environment  Effects  and  the  Richness  of  the  Base
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a244  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-09,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zuraw,  Kie  Ross.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aHidden  structure  refers  to  the  units  of  organization  that  a  child  cannot  directly  observe  when  they  are  learning  language  (e.g.  phonemes,  morpheme  boundaries,  URs,  phrases).  In  this  dissertation,  I  propose  a  novel  computational  model  that  learns  hidden  structures  in-tandem  with  the  grammar.  My  model  consists  of  two  Maximum  Entropy  sub-models  that  are  chained  via  the  product  rule.  Since  I  treat  the  hidden  structure  as  a  latent  variable,  the  learner  is  free  to  match  the  observed  surface  pattern  via  different  intermediary  URs.  Latent  variable  models  have  no  guarantee  of  concavity,  so  I  develop  a  novel  sampling  technique  to  simulate  a  population  of  language  learners.When  presented  with  the  same  surface  information,  different  human  learners  may  arrive  at  different  analyses  (i.e.  inter-speaker  variation  in  analyses).  In  a  production  task  with  the  -ity  suffix  and  nonce  stems,  Pierrehumbert  (2006)  found  that  2  in  10  participants  never  applied  velar  softening.  This  suggests  that  approximately  20%  of  learners  may  not  learn  the  grammar  for  velar  softening,  but  may  instead  memorize  full  underlying  forms  (e.g.  /ɪlɛktɹɪsɪti/)  for  existing  words.  For  velar  softening,  my  model  not  only  correctly  predicts  that  there  are  multiple  solutions  for  one  surface  pattern,  it  also  correctly  predicts  the  proportion  of  human  speakers  that  will  pick  each  solution.In  the  Rich  Base  problem,  there  are  two  grammars  that  satisfy  one  surface  pattern.  However,  humans  only  acquire  one  grammar  -  the  Rich  Base  Grammar  (as  evidenced  by  loan  word  adaptation).  In  my  simulated  population  of  language  learners,  I  find  an  overwhelming  preference  for  the  Rich  Base  Grammar  to  be  learned.  This  preference  emerges  from  my  model's  ability  to  leverage  the  superior  utility  of  the  Rich  Base  Grammar  over  its  non-Rich  Base  counterpart  (without  needing  to  build  in  any  extra  mechanisms  or  biases).English  CiV  lengthening  appears  at  first  blush  to  be  a  derived  environment  effect,  whose  triggering  condition  -  the  derived  environment  -  cannot  be  directly  observed.  My  experiments  confirm  the  productivity  of  CiV  lengthening.  I  reanalyze  CiV  lengthening  as  the  emergence  of  the  unmarked  Stress-to-Weight  Principle,  thus  simplifying  CiV  Lengthening  from  a  complex  hidden  structure  problem  to  a  surface  true  phenomenon.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aLinguistics
■650  4▼aLanguage
■650  4▼aSociolinguistics
■653    ▼aEmergence  of  the  unmarked
■653    ▼aHidden  structure
■653    ▼aMaximum  entropy
■653    ▼aPhonology
■653    ▼aUnderlying  representation
■690    ▼a0290
■690    ▼a0679
■690    ▼a0636
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bLinguistics  0510.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-09A.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160587▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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