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Sustainable Polyurethane-Like Materials: Renewable Sources, Reprocessability, and Polymer Circularity
Sustainable Polyurethane-Like Materials: Renewable Sources, Reprocessability, and Polymer ...
Sustainable Polyurethane-Like Materials: Renewable Sources, Reprocessability, and Polymer Circularity

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152015
ISBN  
9798384016588
DDC  
660
저자명  
Chen, Yixuan.
서명/저자  
Sustainable Polyurethane-Like Materials: Renewable Sources, Reprocessability, and Polymer Circularity
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
415 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Torkelson, John M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Polyurethane (PU) is the sixth most produced plastic globally. Its extensive use and fast market growth raise significant sustainability concerns, including the use of toxic isocyanate precursors, reliance on non-renewable resources, and lack of recyclability. This dissertation aims to address the sustainability challenges of traditional PU by developing renewable, high-performance, and circularly recyclable non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) materials of two types, polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) and non-isocyanate polythiourethane (NIPTU) with various structural designs and corresponding applications.The first part of this dissertation describes a rheology-guided method to rapidly synthesize self-blowing PHU crosslinked network foams, reducing the synthesis time from hours to minutes and significantly promoting the possibility for self-blowing PHU foams toward commercialization. Building on this method, biowaste-based self-blowing PHU network foams derived from renewable precursors, such as cashew nutshell liquid, were developed. Leveraging the inherent dynamic covalent chemistry of PHU, the spent PHU network foams can be reprocessed into bulk materials, which are robustly crosslinked network materials but can be repeatedly reprocessed with full retention of crosslink density after each thermal reprocessing step.The second part of this dissertation explores thermoplastic segmented PHUs with alternating hard and soft segments on their linear backbones. Due to the long, bulky, and asymmetric structure of the cashew nutshell liquid-based hard-segment precursor, the resulting thermoplastic segmented PHU exhibits remarkable phase mixing, achieved even without the existence of inter-segment hydrogen bonding. This leads to an exceptionally broad temperature range where this particular PHU is suitable for potential application as a damping material.The third part of this dissertation considers the intrinsic limitations of PHU, such as slow synthesis and excessive hydrophilicity, and describes the development of non-isocyanate polythiourethane (NIPTU) crosslinked networks. These NIPTU networks containing crosslinks of two types, thionourethane and disulfide, the latter obtained by auto-oxidation of pendant thiol groups on NIPTU backbone, exhibit excellent reprocessability with full recovery of crosslink density. Starting from renewable biowaste-based precursors, NIPTU networks and structurally analogous PHU networks were made, with NIPTU networks manifesting remarkably more rapid synthesis, higher crosslink densities, enhanced tensile properties, and improved water resistance. These combined outcomes suggest that NIPTU is a more favorable alternative to traditional PU than PHU. This dissertation also reports the first demonstration of NIPTU foams. Leveraging the interplay of fast chain growth to form NIPTU linear backbone and slightly slower thiol auto-oxidation to form inter-chain disulfide crosslinks, the gelling reaction synchronized well with the foaming process, resulting in homogeneous foam structures. Capitalizing on the disulfide dynamic chemistry, the NIPTU foam shows both compression-molding reprocessability and melt-extrudability for foam-to-film recycling. More excitingly, foam-to-foam recycling, or refoaming, was achieved for the first time for any NIPU materials via melt extrusion with bicarbonate salts as additional blowing agent.The final part of this dissertation describes the end-of-life chemical recycling of both PHU and NIPTU materials via small-molecule recovery. Leveraging the newly discovered dynamic chemistry of NIPTU, trans(thio)carbamoylation, a biowaste-derivable NIPTU network was successfully depolymerized under mild conditions via methanolysis, yielding high-purity small molecules with an outstanding, high recovery level. Combined with their excellent thermal reprocessability, this establishes the multi-dimensional recyclability of NIPTU networks. Harnessing the inherent transcarbamoylation dynamic chemistry, PHU materials also exhibit the ability to undergo small-molecule recovery, albeit with a lower recovery yield that can be attributed to the abundant hydroxyl groups on the PHU backbone which diminish the efficiency of the base catalyst that is essential for the depolymerization reaction.
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Polymer chemistry
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Sustainability
키워드  
Polyurethane
키워드  
Non-renewable resources
키워드  
Sustainability challenges
키워드  
Cashew nutshell liquid
기타저자  
Northwestern University Chemical and Biological Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■00520250211152015
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798384016588
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31331703
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a660
■1001  ▼aChen,  Yixuan.
■24510▼aSustainable  Polyurethane-Like  Materials:  Renewable  Sources,  Reprocessability,  and  Polymer  Circularity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a415  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Torkelson,  John  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aPolyurethane  (PU)  is  the  sixth  most  produced  plastic  globally.  Its  extensive  use  and  fast  market  growth  raise  significant  sustainability  concerns,  including  the  use  of  toxic  isocyanate  precursors,  reliance  on  non-renewable  resources,  and  lack  of  recyclability.  This  dissertation  aims  to  address  the  sustainability  challenges  of  traditional  PU  by  developing  renewable,  high-performance,  and  circularly  recyclable  non-isocyanate  polyurethane  (NIPU)  materials  of  two  types,  polyhydroxyurethane  (PHU)  and  non-isocyanate  polythiourethane  (NIPTU)  with  various  structural  designs  and  corresponding  applications.The  first  part  of  this  dissertation  describes  a  rheology-guided  method  to  rapidly  synthesize  self-blowing  PHU  crosslinked  network  foams,  reducing  the  synthesis  time  from  hours  to  minutes  and  significantly  promoting  the  possibility  for  self-blowing  PHU  foams  toward  commercialization.  Building  on  this  method,  biowaste-based  self-blowing  PHU  network  foams  derived  from  renewable  precursors,  such  as  cashew  nutshell  liquid,  were  developed.  Leveraging  the  inherent  dynamic  covalent  chemistry  of  PHU,  the  spent  PHU  network  foams  can  be  reprocessed  into  bulk  materials,  which  are  robustly  crosslinked  network  materials  but  can  be  repeatedly  reprocessed  with  full  retention  of  crosslink  density  after  each  thermal  reprocessing  step.The  second  part  of  this  dissertation  explores  thermoplastic  segmented  PHUs  with  alternating  hard  and  soft  segments  on  their  linear  backbones.  Due  to  the  long,  bulky,  and  asymmetric  structure  of  the  cashew  nutshell  liquid-based  hard-segment  precursor,  the  resulting  thermoplastic  segmented  PHU  exhibits  remarkable  phase  mixing,  achieved  even  without  the  existence  of  inter-segment  hydrogen  bonding.  This  leads  to  an  exceptionally  broad  temperature  range  where  this  particular  PHU  is  suitable  for  potential  application  as  a  damping  material.The  third  part  of  this  dissertation  considers  the  intrinsic  limitations  of  PHU,  such  as  slow  synthesis  and  excessive  hydrophilicity,  and  describes  the  development  of  non-isocyanate  polythiourethane  (NIPTU)  crosslinked  networks.  These  NIPTU  networks  containing  crosslinks  of  two  types,  thionourethane  and  disulfide,  the  latter  obtained  by  auto-oxidation  of  pendant  thiol  groups  on  NIPTU  backbone,  exhibit  excellent  reprocessability  with  full  recovery  of  crosslink  density.  Starting  from  renewable  biowaste-based  precursors,  NIPTU  networks  and  structurally  analogous  PHU  networks  were  made,  with  NIPTU  networks  manifesting  remarkably  more  rapid  synthesis,  higher  crosslink  densities,  enhanced  tensile  properties,  and  improved  water  resistance.  These  combined  outcomes  suggest  that  NIPTU  is  a  more  favorable  alternative  to  traditional  PU  than  PHU.  This  dissertation  also  reports  the  first  demonstration  of  NIPTU  foams.  Leveraging  the  interplay  of  fast  chain  growth  to  form  NIPTU  linear  backbone  and  slightly  slower  thiol  auto-oxidation  to  form  inter-chain  disulfide  crosslinks,  the  gelling  reaction  synchronized  well  with  the  foaming  process,  resulting  in  homogeneous  foam  structures.  Capitalizing  on  the  disulfide  dynamic  chemistry,  the  NIPTU  foam  shows  both  compression-molding  reprocessability  and  melt-extrudability  for  foam-to-film  recycling.  More  excitingly,  foam-to-foam  recycling,  or  refoaming,  was  achieved  for  the  first  time  for  any  NIPU  materials  via  melt  extrusion  with  bicarbonate  salts  as  additional  blowing  agent.The  final  part  of  this  dissertation  describes  the  end-of-life  chemical  recycling  of  both  PHU  and  NIPTU  materials  via  small-molecule  recovery.  Leveraging  the  newly  discovered  dynamic  chemistry  of  NIPTU,  trans(thio)carbamoylation,  a  biowaste-derivable  NIPTU  network  was  successfully  depolymerized  under  mild  conditions  via  methanolysis,  yielding  high-purity  small  molecules  with  an  outstanding,  high  recovery  level.  Combined  with  their  excellent  thermal  reprocessability,  this  establishes  the  multi-dimensional  recyclability  of  NIPTU  networks.  Harnessing  the  inherent  transcarbamoylation  dynamic  chemistry,  PHU  materials  also  exhibit  the  ability  to  undergo  small-molecule  recovery,  albeit  with  a  lower  recovery  yield  that  can  be  attributed  to  the  abundant  hydroxyl  groups  on  the  PHU  backbone  which  diminish  the  efficiency  of  the  base  catalyst  that  is  essential  for  the  depolymerization  reaction.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aPolymer  chemistry
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aSustainability
■653    ▼aPolyurethane
■653    ▼aNon-renewable  resources
■653    ▼aSustainability  challenges
■653    ▼aCashew  nutshell  liquid
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0640
■690    ▼a0495
■690    ▼a0791
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bChemical  and  Biological  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02A.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162463▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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