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Probabilistic Language Understanding and Formal Linguistic Theory: the Case of Epistemic Modality
Probabilistic Language Understanding and Formal Linguistic Theory: the Case of Epistemic M...
Probabilistic Language Understanding and Formal Linguistic Theory: the Case of Epistemic Modality

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152746
ISBN  
9798342114769
DDC  
600
저자명  
Waldon, Brandon Riley.
서명/저자  
Probabilistic Language Understanding and Formal Linguistic Theory: the Case of Epistemic Modality
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
169 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Condoravdi, Cleo;Degen, Judith.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Natural language contains a variety of means for expressing possibilities consistent with what is known. Particularly well-studied among them are the epistemic modal auxiliaries might and must:(1) a. Ann: Where is Peter?b. Mary: He {might/must} be in his office.There is broad agreement that might and must relate a body of premises - things that are known and/or assumed by the relevant agent - to a conclusion (e.g., in 1b, the proposition expressed by Peter is in his office, the 'prejacent' of the modal). Might conveys more uncertainty than does must; that is, mightexpresses a comparatively weaker link between the premises and the conclusion expressed within the prejacent. This dissertation follows Roberts (2023) in "assum[ing] a central thesis about modal auxiliaries due to Angelika Kratzer" (Roberts, 2023: 1219):(2) THE MODAL BASE PRESUPPOSITION: Natural language expressions that contain a modal component in their meaning, including all English modal auxiliaries and EMAs [epistemic modal auxiliaries] in particular, presuppose a modal base, a function that draws from context a relevant set of propositions which contribute to a premise-semantics for the modal. (Roberts, 2023: 1220)Roberts (2023) notes that among theorists who generally assume (2), there are live matters of theoretical debate, including disagreement over how to answer the following two questions:1. What constraints, if any, are there on the character of the premise set for an EMA [epistemic modal auxiliary], and how can this be reliably retrieved in the context of utterance? (Roberts, 2023: 1220)2. What is the nature of the relationship between premises and conclusion that is required for truth of the EMA statement? (ibid)This dissertation addresses Roberts' questions for the epistemic modal auxiliaries and for a range of other epistemic modal operators. The formal machinery of probability theory plays a central role in this work in two main respects:Probabilistic semantics for epistemic modalsProbability theory - in particular, Bayesian probability theory - provides a formal characterization of how a rational agent updates their beliefs under persistent uncertainty via observation of data ('evidence') which speaks for/against the agent's competing hypotheses regarding what the world is like. Building on past e↵orts to apply probability theory to the formal study of epistemic modal meaning, I show that a Bayesian formulation of evidential reasoning also provides the basis of a semantics for epistemic must/mightwhich addresses a number of challenges that have vexed linguistic semanticists and philosophers of language. These challenges include:• How do we specify a formal framework that verifies entailment relations between the modal auxiliaries and other epistemic operators (e.g., possible, certain)?• How do we specify a formal framework that verifies entailment from must p to 'the relevant agent has a high degree of confidence in p'?• How can we account for the observation that must p (cf. other epistemic operators, including possible and must's putative dual might) is often infelicitous without contextually-salient evidence for p?• How can we account for the observation that must p is infelicitous in contexts where the relevant agent has direct evidence for p?
일반주제명  
Infections
일반주제명  
Linguistics
일반주제명  
Semantics
일반주제명  
Natural language
일반주제명  
Logic
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aWaldon,  Brandon  Riley.
■24510▼aProbabilistic  Language  Understanding  and  Formal  Linguistic  Theory:  the  Case  of  Epistemic  Modality
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a169  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Condoravdi,  Cleo;Degen,  Judith.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aNatural  language  contains  a  variety  of  means  for  expressing  possibilities  consistent  with  what  is  known.  Particularly  well-studied  among  them  are  the  epistemic  modal  auxiliaries  might  and  must:(1)  a.  Ann:  Where  is  Peter?b.  Mary:  He  {might/must}  be  in  his  office.There  is  broad  agreement  that  might  and  must  relate  a  body  of  premises  -  things  that  are  known  and/or  assumed  by  the  relevant  agent  -  to  a  conclusion  (e.g.,  in  1b,  the  proposition  expressed  by  Peter  is  in  his  office,  the  'prejacent'  of  the  modal).  Might  conveys  more  uncertainty  than  does  must;  that  is,  mightexpresses  a  comparatively  weaker  link  between  the  premises  and  the  conclusion  expressed  within  the  prejacent.  This  dissertation  follows  Roberts  (2023)  in  "assum[ing]  a  central  thesis  about  modal  auxiliaries  due  to  Angelika  Kratzer"  (Roberts,  2023:  1219):(2)  THE  MODAL  BASE  PRESUPPOSITION:  Natural  language  expressions  that  contain  a  modal  component  in  their  meaning,  including  all  English  modal  auxiliaries  and  EMAs  [epistemic  modal  auxiliaries]  in  particular,  presuppose  a  modal  base,  a  function  that  draws  from  context  a  relevant  set  of  propositions  which  contribute  to  a  premise-semantics  for  the  modal.  (Roberts,  2023:  1220)Roberts  (2023)  notes  that  among  theorists  who  generally  assume  (2),  there  are  live  matters  of  theoretical  debate,  including  disagreement  over  how  to  answer  the  following  two  questions:1.  What  constraints,  if  any,  are  there  on  the  character  of  the  premise  set  for  an  EMA  [epistemic  modal  auxiliary],  and  how  can  this  be  reliably  retrieved  in  the  context  of  utterance?  (Roberts,  2023:  1220)2.  What  is  the  nature  of  the  relationship  between  premises  and  conclusion  that  is  required  for  truth  of  the  EMA  statement?  (ibid)This  dissertation  addresses  Roberts'  questions  for  the  epistemic  modal  auxiliaries  and  for  a  range  of  other  epistemic  modal  operators.  The  formal  machinery  of  probability  theory  plays  a  central  role  in  this  work  in  two  main  respects:Probabilistic  semantics  for  epistemic  modalsProbability  theory  -  in  particular,  Bayesian  probability  theory  -  provides  a  formal  characterization  of  how  a  rational  agent  updates  their  beliefs  under  persistent  uncertainty  via  observation  of  data  ('evidence')  which  speaks  for/against  the  agent's  competing  hypotheses  regarding  what  the  world  is  like.  Building  on  past  e↵orts  to  apply  probability  theory  to  the  formal  study  of  epistemic  modal  meaning,  I  show  that  a  Bayesian  formulation  of  evidential  reasoning  also  provides  the  basis  of  a  semantics  for  epistemic  must/mightwhich  addresses  a  number  of  challenges  that  have  vexed  linguistic  semanticists  and  philosophers  of  language.  These  challenges  include:•  How  do  we  specify  a  formal  framework  that  verifies  entailment  relations  between  the  modal  auxiliaries  and  other  epistemic  operators  (e.g.,  possible,  certain)?•  How  do  we  specify  a  formal  framework  that  verifies  entailment  from  must  p  to  'the  relevant  agent  has  a  high  degree  of  confidence  in  p'?•  How  can  we  account  for  the  observation  that  must  p  (cf.  other  epistemic  operators,  including  possible  and  must's  putative  dual  might)  is  often  infelicitous  without  contextually-salient  evidence  for  p?•  How  can  we  account  for  the  observation  that  must  p  is  infelicitous  in  contexts  where  the  relevant  agent  has  direct  evidence  for  p?
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aInfections
■650  4▼aLinguistics
■650  4▼aSemantics
■650  4▼aNatural  language
■650  4▼aLogic
■690    ▼a0290
■690    ▼a0395
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04A.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163733▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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