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Domain-Guided Representations are Superior for Machine Learning in Healthcare
Domain-Guided Representations are Superior for Machine Learning in Healthcare
Domain-Guided Representations are Superior for Machine Learning in Healthcare

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152748
ISBN  
9798342108980
DDC  
616.94
저자명  
Fleming, Scott Lanyon.
서명/저자  
Domain-Guided Representations are Superior for Machine Learning in Healthcare
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
189 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Brunskill, Emma;Shah, Nigam.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Machine learning to support decision making in healthcare typically assumes a sufficient representation of the patient's history for learning and inference, such that all information required to perform accurate inference is present in the materialized patient timeline. We propose three principles for designing health data representations that are more expressive and comprehensive compared to traditional representation approaches, in order to enable clinical decision support tasks. Concretely, we propose that patient timeline representations (1) explicitly model clinicians' observation and intervention processes; (2) enable integration of unstructured data and structured data by representing all data as text; and (3) leverage this ability by including clinical notes. We apply these principles to several clinical challenges and provide evidence supporting the superiority of domain-guided representations for machine learning in healthcare. We show that reinforcement learning algorithms built on data models which explicitly include clinician observation and intervention processes yield context-aware policies that perform better in the realistic setting of patient observation costs compared to algorithms which do not model these processes. We show that using text as a unifying representation for both structured and unstructured data can enable large language models to follow electronic health record-based instructions, potentially streamlining common clinical workflows, and that incorporating clinical notes provides a key benefit for propensity score models in causal inference with observational data. By improving downstream model performance, our proposed principles for representing patient data could help clinical machine learning researchers and practitioners increase both the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery, leading to decreased costs and improved patient outcomes.
일반주제명  
Sepsis
일반주제명  
Planning
일반주제명  
Decision making
일반주제명  
Medical research
일반주제명  
Taxonomy
일반주제명  
Large language models
일반주제명  
Filtering systems
일반주제명  
Medicine
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a616.94
■1001  ▼aFleming,  Scott  Lanyon.
■24510▼aDomain-Guided  Representations  are  Superior  for  Machine  Learning  in  Healthcare
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a189  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Brunskill,  Emma;Shah,  Nigam.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aMachine  learning  to  support  decision  making  in  healthcare  typically  assumes  a  sufficient  representation  of  the  patient's  history  for  learning  and  inference,  such  that  all  information  required  to  perform  accurate  inference  is  present  in  the  materialized  patient  timeline.  We  propose  three  principles  for  designing  health  data  representations  that  are  more  expressive  and  comprehensive  compared  to  traditional  representation  approaches,  in  order  to  enable  clinical  decision  support  tasks.  Concretely,  we  propose  that  patient  timeline  representations  (1)  explicitly  model  clinicians'  observation  and  intervention  processes;  (2)  enable  integration  of  unstructured  data  and  structured  data  by  representing  all  data  as  text;  and  (3)  leverage  this  ability  by  including  clinical  notes.  We  apply  these  principles  to  several  clinical  challenges  and  provide  evidence  supporting  the  superiority  of  domain-guided  representations  for  machine  learning  in  healthcare.  We  show  that  reinforcement  learning  algorithms  built  on  data  models  which  explicitly  include  clinician  observation  and  intervention  processes  yield  context-aware  policies  that  perform  better  in  the  realistic  setting  of  patient  observation  costs  compared  to  algorithms  which  do  not  model  these  processes.  We  show  that  using  text  as  a  unifying  representation  for  both  structured  and  unstructured  data  can  enable  large  language  models  to  follow  electronic  health  record-based  instructions,  potentially  streamlining  common  clinical  workflows,  and  that  incorporating  clinical  notes  provides  a  key  benefit  for  propensity  score  models  in  causal  inference  with  observational  data.  By  improving  downstream  model  performance,  our  proposed  principles  for  representing  patient  data  could  help  clinical  machine  learning  researchers  and  practitioners  increase  both  the  effectiveness  and  efficiency  of  healthcare  delivery,  leading  to  decreased  costs  and  improved  patient  outcomes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aSepsis
■650  4▼aPlanning
■650  4▼aDecision  making
■650  4▼aMedical  research
■650  4▼aTaxonomy
■650  4▼aLarge  language  models
■650  4▼aFiltering  systems
■650  4▼aMedicine
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0564
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163745▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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