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Ordered Consensus With Equal Opportunity
Ordered Consensus With Equal Opportunity
Ordered Consensus With Equal Opportunity

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151348
ISBN  
9798382843711
DDC  
004
저자명  
Zhang, Yunhao.
서명/저자  
Ordered Consensus With Equal Opportunity
발행사항  
[Sl] : Cornell University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
118 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Alvisi, Lorenzo.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The specific total order of commands agreed upon when running state machine replication (SMR) is immaterial to fault tolerance: all that is required is for all correct nodes to follow the same order. In SMR-based blockchains, however, correct nodes should be responsible for being unbiased when choosing the total order, and for preventing malicious parties from manipulating the order to their advantage. The traditional specification of SMR correctness, however, has no language to express such responsibilities. This dissertation thus extends SMR as ordered consensus by introducing the language of ordering preferences and relevant features, which lead to the following contributions.With ordering preferences, the two notions of Byzantine democracy and Byzantine oligarchy are specified, which capture the minimum and maximum degree of power that Byzantine (e.g., malicious) nodes would have over the order. We prove that the minimum degree of Byzantine power is in general inevitable, but the maximum degree, a Byzantine oligarchy, can be avoided. To remove Byzantine oligarchies, this dissertation introduces Pompe, an SMR protocol that is guaranteed to order commands in a way analogous to linearizability. The evaluation shows that Pompe can achieve competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art SMR protocols in which Byzantine nodes dictate the total order.With relevant features, two principles are specified capturing the notion of equal opportunity, i.e., how correct nodes should treat clients equally instead of being biased toward certain clients. These principles are inspired by social sciences and law, leading to the notion of a point system. In a point system, system designers specify a set of relevant features and a function that maps a vector of feature values into a score. The total order is thus decided by scores and ties are broken randomly. To achieve equal opportunity, this dissertation introduces a secret random oracle (SRO), a system component that generates random numbers in a fault-tolerant manner, and Pompe-SRO, an extension of Pompe that is guaranteed to order commands in a way analogous to a point system. The evaluation shows that Pompe-SRO could mitigate real-world concerns about ordering in blockchains, including front-running and sandwich attacks.
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Design
일반주제명  
Information technology
키워드  
Blockchains
키워드  
Equal opportunity
키워드  
State machine replication
키워드  
Secret random oracle
키워드  
Sandwich attacks
기타저자  
Cornell University Computer Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aZhang,  Yunhao.▼0(orcid)0009-0006-3974-0956
■24510▼aOrdered  Consensus  With  Equal  Opportunity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCornell  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a118  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Alvisi,  Lorenzo.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  specific  total  order  of  commands  agreed  upon  when  running  state  machine  replication  (SMR)  is  immaterial  to  fault  tolerance:  all  that  is  required  is  for  all  correct  nodes  to  follow  the  same  order.  In  SMR-based  blockchains,  however,  correct  nodes  should  be  responsible  for  being  unbiased  when  choosing  the  total  order,  and  for  preventing  malicious  parties  from  manipulating  the  order  to  their  advantage.  The  traditional  specification  of  SMR  correctness,  however,  has  no  language  to  express  such  responsibilities.  This  dissertation  thus  extends  SMR  as  ordered  consensus  by  introducing  the  language  of  ordering  preferences  and  relevant  features,  which  lead  to  the  following  contributions.With  ordering  preferences,  the  two  notions  of  Byzantine  democracy  and  Byzantine  oligarchy  are  specified,  which  capture  the  minimum  and  maximum  degree  of  power  that  Byzantine  (e.g.,  malicious)  nodes  would  have  over  the  order.  We  prove  that  the  minimum  degree  of  Byzantine  power  is  in  general  inevitable,  but  the  maximum  degree,  a  Byzantine  oligarchy,  can  be  avoided.  To  remove  Byzantine  oligarchies,  this  dissertation  introduces  Pompe,  an  SMR  protocol  that  is  guaranteed  to  order  commands  in  a  way  analogous  to  linearizability.  The  evaluation  shows  that  Pompe  can  achieve  competitive  performance  compared  to  state-of-the-art  SMR  protocols  in  which  Byzantine  nodes  dictate  the  total  order.With  relevant  features,  two  principles  are  specified  capturing  the  notion  of  equal  opportunity,  i.e.,  how  correct  nodes  should  treat  clients  equally  instead  of  being  biased  toward  certain  clients.  These  principles  are  inspired  by  social  sciences  and  law,  leading  to  the  notion  of  a  point  system.  In  a  point  system,  system  designers  specify  a  set  of  relevant  features  and  a  function  that  maps  a  vector  of  feature  values  into  a  score.  The  total  order  is  thus  decided  by  scores  and  ties  are  broken  randomly.  To  achieve  equal  opportunity,  this  dissertation  introduces  a  secret  random  oracle  (SRO),  a  system  component  that  generates  random  numbers  in  a  fault-tolerant  manner,  and  Pompe-SRO,  an  extension  of  Pompe  that  is  guaranteed  to  order  commands  in  a  way  analogous  to  a  point  system.  The  evaluation  shows  that  Pompe-SRO  could  mitigate  real-world  concerns  about  ordering  in  blockchains,  including  front-running  and  sandwich  attacks.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aDesign
■650  4▼aInformation  technology
■653    ▼aBlockchains
■653    ▼aEqual  opportunity
■653    ▼aState  machine  replication
■653    ▼aSecret  random  oracle
■653    ▼aSandwich  attacks
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0389
■690    ▼a0489
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bComputer  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161380▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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