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Essays in Development Economics
Essays in Development Economics
Essays in Development Economics

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151358
ISBN  
9798382762036
DDC  
333
저자명  
Decamps, Marie-Louise.
서명/저자  
Essays in Development Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
230 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Udry, Christopher;Jayachandran, Seema.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Reducing global poverty and combating climate change and environmental degradation are among the most pressing challenges of our time. These problems are intertwined. Just as climate change threatens economic prosperity, especially in low-income countries, economic development can also affect the environment. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on one of the two directions of causality, examining how economic development influences environmental outcomes, with a particular focus on deforestation.Chapter 1 examines the impact of a new agricultural technology, genetically modified (GM) seeds, on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The empirical strategy leverages the heterogeneous effects the introduction of GM soy seeds had on soy productivity across areas based on soil and weather characteristics, along with satellite data on land use. I find that increases in soy productivity lead to changes in the local land use composition as soy replaces pastures for cattle grazing. This direct effect decreases deforestation because soy cultivation is less land intensive than cattle grazing, and the expansion of soy cultivation was concentrated in regions with the lowest initial forest areas, where constraints on new deforestation are more binding. However, my findings suggest that pastures are displaced to areas connected by the road network, thereby causing deforestation through the indirect channel. Overall, the introduction of GM soy contributed to 7.4% of the total deforested area in the Brazilian Amazon between 2003 and 2010. While scholars have made significant strides in understanding deforestation drivers in the Amazon region and Indonesia, our knowledge of how economic activity impacts deforestation in the Congo Basin, the world's second-largest rainforest, remains limited. Chapter 2 addresses this vacuum by examining the impact of mining activity on deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), using novel administrative data on mine openings and contracts. We employ a staggered adoption differences-in-differences design, leveraging the large increase in the issuance of mining permits between 2002 and 2021 following the enactment of a new Mining Code in the DRC in 2002. We find that the opening of mines leads to forest loss within mine boundaries. However, the opening of mines leads to a decrease in deforestation rates in areas surrounding the mine, which is driven by provinces with more conflict at baseline. We find that there is both a relocation of labor from agriculture to mining, as slash-and-burn agriculture decreases, and a reduction in other forest-related activities like logging, as other forms of deforestation not related to wildfires also decrease. Finally, we find that only the opening of gold mines leads to decreases in deforestation, as non-gold mines have a null effect. Chapter 3 shifts focus from the environment to women in the labor force. My co-authors and I analyze women's labor market participation in England between 1851 and 1911 using newly digitized census microdata. We document several empirical facts about women's employment during this period. Married women experienced a 40% reduction in labor force participation, while single women and men saw no significant changes. The decline in married women's participation is primarily due to younger cohorts choosing not to enter the labor force. We find that potential explanations, such as the emerging male breadwinner household model and changes in household structure, are unlikely to account for the trends observed. Institutional constraints and labor legislation likely played a more significant role. Women were mainly employed in textiles and domestic service industries. Our theoretical model suggests that increasing societal barriers may have influenced married women's labor market participation over time.
일반주제명  
Land use planning
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Deforestation
키워드  
Development economics
키워드  
Land use composition
키워드  
Environmental degradation
기타저자  
Northwestern University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aDecamps,  Marie-Louise.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Development  Economics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a230  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Udry,  Christopher;Jayachandran,  Seema.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aReducing  global  poverty  and  combating  climate  change  and  environmental  degradation  are  among  the  most  pressing  challenges  of  our  time.  These  problems  are  intertwined.  Just  as  climate  change  threatens  economic  prosperity,  especially  in  low-income  countries,  economic  development  can  also  affect  the  environment.  Chapters  1  and  2  focus  on  one  of  the  two  directions  of  causality,  examining  how  economic  development  influences  environmental  outcomes,  with  a  particular  focus  on  deforestation.Chapter  1  examines  the  impact  of  a  new  agricultural  technology,  genetically  modified  (GM)  seeds,  on  deforestation  in  the  Brazilian  Amazon.  The  empirical  strategy  leverages  the  heterogeneous  effects  the  introduction  of  GM  soy  seeds  had  on  soy  productivity  across  areas  based  on  soil  and  weather  characteristics,  along  with  satellite  data  on  land  use.  I  find  that  increases  in  soy  productivity  lead  to  changes  in  the  local  land  use  composition  as  soy  replaces  pastures  for  cattle  grazing.  This  direct  effect  decreases  deforestation  because  soy  cultivation  is  less  land  intensive  than  cattle  grazing,  and  the  expansion  of  soy  cultivation  was  concentrated  in  regions  with  the  lowest  initial  forest  areas,  where  constraints  on  new  deforestation  are  more  binding.  However,  my  findings  suggest  that  pastures  are  displaced  to  areas  connected  by  the  road  network,  thereby  causing  deforestation  through  the  indirect  channel.  Overall,  the  introduction  of  GM  soy  contributed  to  7.4%  of  the  total  deforested  area  in  the  Brazilian  Amazon  between  2003  and  2010.  While  scholars  have  made  significant  strides  in  understanding  deforestation  drivers  in  the  Amazon  region  and  Indonesia,  our  knowledge  of  how  economic  activity  impacts  deforestation  in  the  Congo  Basin,  the  world's  second-largest  rainforest,  remains  limited.  Chapter  2  addresses  this  vacuum  by  examining  the  impact  of  mining  activity  on  deforestation  in  the  Democratic  Republic  of  the  Congo  (DRC),  using  novel  administrative  data  on  mine  openings  and  contracts.  We  employ  a  staggered  adoption  differences-in-differences  design,  leveraging  the  large  increase  in  the  issuance  of  mining  permits  between  2002  and  2021  following  the  enactment  of  a  new  Mining  Code  in  the  DRC  in  2002.  We  find  that  the  opening  of  mines  leads  to  forest  loss  within  mine  boundaries.  However,  the  opening  of  mines  leads  to  a  decrease  in  deforestation  rates  in  areas  surrounding  the  mine,  which  is  driven  by  provinces  with  more  conflict  at  baseline.  We  find  that  there  is  both  a  relocation  of  labor  from  agriculture  to  mining,  as  slash-and-burn  agriculture  decreases,  and  a  reduction  in  other  forest-related  activities  like  logging,  as  other  forms  of  deforestation  not  related  to  wildfires  also  decrease.  Finally,  we  find  that  only  the  opening  of  gold  mines  leads  to  decreases  in  deforestation,  as  non-gold  mines  have  a  null  effect.  Chapter  3  shifts  focus  from  the  environment  to  women  in  the  labor  force.  My  co-authors  and  I  analyze  women's  labor  market  participation  in  England  between  1851  and  1911  using  newly  digitized  census  microdata.  We  document  several  empirical  facts  about  women's  employment  during  this  period.  Married  women  experienced  a  40%  reduction  in  labor  force  participation,  while  single  women  and  men  saw  no  significant  changes.  The  decline  in  married  women's  participation  is  primarily  due  to  younger  cohorts  choosing  not  to  enter  the  labor  force.  We  find  that  potential  explanations,  such  as  the  emerging  male  breadwinner  household  model  and  changes  in  household  structure,  are  unlikely  to  account  for  the  trends  observed.  Institutional  constraints  and  labor  legislation  likely  played  a  more  significant  role.  Women  were  mainly  employed  in  textiles  and  domestic  service  industries.  Our  theoretical  model  suggests  that  increasing  societal  barriers  may  have  influenced  married  women's  labor  market  participation  over  time.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aLand  use  planning
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aDeforestation
■653    ▼aDevelopment  economics
■653    ▼aLand  use  composition
■653    ▼aEnvironmental  degradation
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0438
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0536
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161452▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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