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Identification and Characterization of the Novel Post-Translational Modification Cysteine S-Acetylation
Identification and Characterization of the Novel Post-Translational Modification Cysteine ...
Identification and Characterization of the Novel Post-Translational Modification Cysteine S-Acetylation

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152040
ISBN  
9798384097525
DDC  
574
저자명  
Keenan, E. Keith.
서명/저자  
Identification and Characterization of the Novel Post-Translational Modification Cysteine S-Acetylation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Duke University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
128 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hirschey, Matthew;Newgard, Christopher.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Protein modifications modulate nearly every aspect of cell biology in organisms ranging from Archaea to Eukaryotes. The earliest evidence of covalent protein modifications was found in the early 20th century by studying the amino acid composition of proteins by chemical hydrolysis. These discoveries challenged what defined a canonical amino acid. The advent and rapid adoption of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the latter part of the 20th century enabled a veritable explosion in the number of known protein modifications, with over 500 discrete modifications counted today. Now, new computational tools in data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are poised to allow researchers to make significant progress discovering new protein modifications and determining their function.Lysine acetylation is one of the most well-known post translational modifications. Acetylation is not limited to lysine with acetylation of serine and threonine having also been reported in the literature. Lysine acetylation is known to occur both enzymatically and non-enzymatically. Cysteine is a reactive amino acid central to the catalytic activities of many enzymes. Given the highly reactive nature of the cysteine side-chain, non-enzymatic acetylation of cysteine would be expected to be more favorable than non-enzymatic acetylation of lysine. Cysteine is also a common target of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as palmitoylation. This long-chain acyl PTM can modify cysteine residues and induce changes in protein sub-cellular localization. Transfer of an acetyl moiety from the side-chain of cysteine to the side-chain of lysine has been shown in vitro. Cysteine side-chain acetylation has never been shown in vivo. We hypothesized that cysteine could also be modified by short-chain acyl groups, such as cysteine S-acetylation. To test this, we developed sample preparation and non-targeted mass spectrometry protocols to analyze the mouse liver proteome for cysteine acetylation. Our findings revealed hundreds of sites of cysteine acetylation across multiple tissue types, revealing a previously uncharacterized cysteine acetylome. The cysteine acetylome shows distinct patterns in different sub-cellular compartments and is most abundant in the cytoplasm. Cysteine acetylation is present in all tissue types tested and has tissue-specific acetylome patterns. Metabolic stress led to targeted changes in the cysteine acetylome of BAT. Acetylation of the active site cysteines of GAPDH led to a sharp reduction in activity. This study uncovers a novel aspect of cysteine biochemistry, highlighting short-chain modifications alongside known long-chain acyl PTMs. These findings enrich our understanding of the landscape of acyl modifications and suggest new research directions in enzyme activity regulation and cellular signaling in metabolism.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Oncology
키워드  
Cysteine acetylation
키워드  
Metabolism
키워드  
Post-translational modifications
키워드  
Protein acetylation
기타저자  
Duke University Molecular Cancer Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aKeenan,  E.  Keith.
■24510▼aIdentification  and  Characterization  of  the  Novel  Post-Translational  Modification  Cysteine  S-Acetylation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bDuke  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a128  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hirschey,  Matthew;Newgard,  Christopher.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Duke  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aProtein  modifications  modulate  nearly  every  aspect  of  cell  biology  in  organisms  ranging  from  Archaea  to  Eukaryotes.  The  earliest  evidence  of  covalent  protein  modifications  was  found  in  the  early  20th  century  by  studying  the  amino  acid  composition  of  proteins  by  chemical  hydrolysis.  These  discoveries  challenged  what  defined  a  canonical  amino  acid.  The  advent  and  rapid  adoption  of  mass  spectrometry-based  proteomics  in  the  latter  part  of  the  20th  century  enabled  a  veritable  explosion  in  the  number  of  known  protein  modifications,  with  over  500  discrete  modifications  counted  today.  Now,  new  computational  tools  in  data  science,  machine  learning,  and  artificial  intelligence  are  poised  to  allow  researchers  to  make  significant  progress  discovering  new  protein  modifications  and  determining  their  function.Lysine  acetylation  is  one  of  the  most  well-known  post  translational  modifications.  Acetylation  is  not  limited  to  lysine  with  acetylation  of  serine  and  threonine  having  also  been  reported  in  the  literature.  Lysine  acetylation  is  known  to  occur  both  enzymatically  and  non-enzymatically.  Cysteine  is  a  reactive  amino  acid  central  to  the  catalytic  activities  of  many  enzymes.  Given  the  highly  reactive  nature  of  the  cysteine  side-chain,  non-enzymatic  acetylation  of  cysteine  would  be  expected  to  be  more  favorable  than  non-enzymatic  acetylation  of  lysine.  Cysteine  is  also  a  common  target  of  post-translational  modifications  (PTMs),  such  as  palmitoylation.  This  long-chain  acyl  PTM  can  modify  cysteine  residues  and  induce  changes  in  protein  sub-cellular  localization.  Transfer  of  an  acetyl  moiety  from  the  side-chain  of  cysteine  to  the  side-chain  of  lysine  has  been  shown  in  vitro.  Cysteine  side-chain  acetylation  has  never  been  shown  in  vivo.  We  hypothesized  that  cysteine  could  also  be  modified  by  short-chain  acyl  groups,  such  as  cysteine  S-acetylation.  To  test  this,  we  developed  sample  preparation  and  non-targeted  mass  spectrometry  protocols  to  analyze  the  mouse  liver  proteome  for  cysteine  acetylation.  Our  findings  revealed  hundreds  of  sites  of  cysteine  acetylation  across  multiple  tissue  types,  revealing  a  previously  uncharacterized  cysteine  acetylome.  The  cysteine  acetylome  shows  distinct  patterns  in  different  sub-cellular  compartments  and  is  most  abundant  in  the  cytoplasm.  Cysteine  acetylation  is  present  in  all  tissue  types  tested  and  has  tissue-specific  acetylome  patterns.  Metabolic  stress  led  to  targeted  changes  in  the  cysteine  acetylome  of  BAT.  Acetylation  of  the  active  site  cysteines  of  GAPDH  led  to  a  sharp  reduction  in  activity.  This  study  uncovers  a  novel  aspect  of  cysteine  biochemistry,  highlighting  short-chain  modifications  alongside  known  long-chain  acyl  PTMs.  These  findings  enrich  our  understanding  of  the  landscape  of  acyl  modifications  and  suggest  new  research  directions  in  enzyme  activity  regulation  and  cellular  signaling  in  metabolism.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0066.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aOncology
■653    ▼aCysteine  acetylation
■653    ▼aMetabolism
■653    ▼aPost-translational  modifications
■653    ▼aProtein  acetylation
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aDuke  University▼bMolecular  Cancer  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0066
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162680▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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