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Improving the Representation of Fresh Wildfire Smoke Plumes in Air Quality Forecasts
Improving the Representation of Fresh Wildfire Smoke Plumes in Air Quality Forecasts
Improving the Representation of Fresh Wildfire Smoke Plumes in Air Quality Forecasts

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152816
ISBN  
9798384069034
DDC  
551.5
저자명  
Thapa, Laura Hughes.
서명/저자  
Improving the Representation of Fresh Wildfire Smoke Plumes in Air Quality Forecasts
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
267 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Saide, Pablo E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Wildfires are increasing in size and frequency in the Western US due to a complex interplay between climate change and landscape-scale fire exclusion practices. The smoke from these fires is degrading air quality across much of the Continental US. Chemical transport models are vital for warning the public about smoky periods, but uncertainties related to fresh smoke plumes can propagate through these models and cause errors in the resulting air quality forecasts.We address model uncertainty related to smoke plume vertical extent and total emissions. First, we use aircraft observations obtained during the 2019 Western US wildfires (FIREX-AQ) to evaluate and constrain a commonly used smoke plume rise parameterization in two smoke models (WRF-Chem and HRRR-Smoke). Observations show that free tropospheric smoke layers occur in 35% of observed plumes and up to 95% of modeled plumes. False free tropospheric smoke injections were primarily associated with models overestimating fire heat flux by up to a factor of 25. Next, we present data-driven methods for predicting day-to-day changes in smoke emissions. Our top-performing model (random forest) explains 48% of the variance in observed daily emissions and outperforms the current operational assumption that emissions will remain constant over a forecast period (persistence, R2=0.02). This model primarily relies on fire weather data to inform its predictions. Finally, we show preliminary results from WRF-Chem simulations which include random forest-derived emissions and updated heat flux values. We find that in the vicinity of large wildfires in 2020 under less severe fire weather, the random forest-derived emissions can produce better predictions of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) than the persistence fire emissions. However, in most cases, persistence and random forest-derived emissions yield very similar AOD and PM2.5 predictions, and that the random forest-derived emissions can both improve and degrade AOD and PM2.5 forecasts. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of incorporating fire observations to quantify and address uncertainties in our state-of-the-art air quality modeling systems.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric chemistry
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
키워드  
Aerosol optical depth
키워드  
Wildfires
키워드  
Air quality
키워드  
Smoke plumes
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences 002E
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■00520250211152816
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798384069034
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31558675
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a551.5
■1001  ▼aThapa,  Laura  Hughes.
■24510▼aImproving  the  Representation  of  Fresh  Wildfire  Smoke  Plumes  in  Air  Quality  Forecasts
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a267  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Saide,  Pablo  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aWildfires  are  increasing  in  size  and  frequency  in  the  Western  US  due  to  a  complex  interplay  between  climate  change  and  landscape-scale  fire  exclusion  practices.  The  smoke  from  these  fires  is  degrading  air  quality  across  much  of  the  Continental  US.  Chemical  transport  models  are  vital  for  warning  the  public  about  smoky  periods,  but  uncertainties  related  to  fresh  smoke  plumes  can  propagate  through  these  models  and  cause  errors  in  the  resulting  air  quality  forecasts.We  address  model  uncertainty  related  to  smoke  plume  vertical  extent  and  total  emissions.  First,  we  use  aircraft  observations  obtained  during  the  2019  Western  US  wildfires  (FIREX-AQ)  to  evaluate  and  constrain  a  commonly  used  smoke  plume  rise  parameterization  in  two  smoke  models  (WRF-Chem  and  HRRR-Smoke).  Observations  show  that  free  tropospheric  smoke  layers  occur  in  35%  of  observed  plumes  and  up  to  95%  of  modeled  plumes.  False  free  tropospheric  smoke  injections  were  primarily  associated  with  models  overestimating  fire  heat  flux  by  up  to  a  factor  of  25.  Next,  we  present  data-driven  methods  for  predicting  day-to-day  changes  in  smoke  emissions.  Our  top-performing  model  (random  forest)  explains  48%  of  the  variance  in  observed  daily  emissions  and  outperforms  the  current  operational  assumption  that  emissions  will  remain  constant  over  a  forecast  period  (persistence,  R2=0.02).  This  model  primarily  relies  on  fire  weather  data  to  inform  its  predictions.  Finally,  we  show  preliminary  results  from  WRF-Chem  simulations  which  include  random  forest-derived  emissions  and  updated  heat  flux  values.  We  find  that  in  the  vicinity  of  large  wildfires  in  2020  under  less  severe  fire  weather,  the  random  forest-derived  emissions  can  produce  better  predictions  of  aerosol  optical  depth  (AOD)  and  fine  particulate  matter  (PM2.5)  than  the  persistence  fire  emissions.  However,  in  most  cases,  persistence  and  random  forest-derived  emissions  yield  very  similar  AOD  and  PM2.5  predictions,  and  that  the  random  forest-derived  emissions  can  both  improve  and  degrade  AOD  and  PM2.5  forecasts.  Overall,  this  work  demonstrates  the  utility  of  incorporating  fire  observations  to  quantify  and  address  uncertainties  in  our  state-of-the-art  air  quality  modeling  systems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  chemistry
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■653    ▼aAerosol  optical  depth
■653    ▼aWildfires
■653    ▼aAir  quality
■653    ▼aSmoke  plumes
■690    ▼a0371
■690    ▼a0725
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bAtmospheric  &  Oceanic  Sciences  002E.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163971▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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