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Essays on Housing, Inequality, and Spatial Mobility
Essays on Housing, Inequality, and Spatial Mobility
Essays on Housing, Inequality, and Spatial Mobility

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151035
ISBN  
9798383420850
DDC  
307
저자명  
Tokman, Anthony Elias.
서명/저자  
Essays on Housing, Inequality, and Spatial Mobility
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
172 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Arkolakis, Costas.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The first chapter of this dissertation uses parcel-level tax assessment and sales transaction data to estimate the stringency of housing unit density restrictions at the census tract level for 35 metropolitan areas in the United States, focusing on the period between 2000 and 2020. I do this by inferring the marginal regulatory "cost" of building an additional housing unit, conditioning on a parcel's total acreage and developed floor space. Regression on variables from the Wharton land use survey offers basic validation of this measure. I show that the inferred unit regulatory costs vary drastically across cities and neighborhoods; they tend to increase in both distance from the central business district and median household income and decrease in existing population density and college-educated population share. Finally, I show that regulatory costs tend to be cyclical, as the market incentive for developers to build at higher densities is strongest during boom periods.The second chapter embeds density restrictions in an equilibrium model of housing markets where forward-looking landowner-developers choose the size and number of units to build, and households, differentiated by income, choose locations and units in which to live. I estimate the supply model using parcel-level housing data from CoreLogic and the demand model using household-level microdata from the Census and American Community Survey. I then use the estimated model to analyze a wide-reaching counterfactual reduction in density restrictiveness in greater Washington, D.C. beginning in the year 2000; the policy reduces regulatory costs to the 25th percentile level in tracts that are at least 25% undeveloped as of 2000. This leads to a 39% increase in the number of new units built between 2000 and 2020, a 4.2% decline in mean rent, and 3% welfare gains for low-income households (as a share of income) by 2020; higher-income households, especially renters, stand to lose from the policy due to a reduction in the number of large, low-density units. The change in policy also leads to more in-migration by lower-income households and attenuates income sorting in lower-income neighborhoods.The final chapter investigates the extent to which the geography of jobs drives occupational and spatial mobility in the United States. I first show that, between the 1990s and 2010s, metro areas and states generally became more similar to each other in terms of their occupational compositions, while occupations tended to converge in terms of their geographic compositions. I then turn to a highly stylized, but empirically flexible, model of occupation and location choice to quantify the role that spatial frictions play in occupational mobility, and vice versa. While spatial frictions have a non-negligible effect on switching into and out of particular occupations that are heavily concentrated in select rural or urban areas, the model does not attribute the overall decline in occupational mobility since the early 1990s to these frictions. Similarly, the contemporaneous decline in spatial mobility cannot be attributed to occupational re-skilling frictions.
일반주제명  
Urban planning
키워드  
Housing
키워드  
Land use regulations
키워드  
Migration
키워드  
Occupational mobility
키워드  
Urban economics
기타저자  
Yale University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
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■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798383420850
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30997562
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a307
■1001  ▼aTokman,  Anthony  Elias.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Housing,  Inequality,  and  Spatial  Mobility
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a172  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Arkolakis,  Costas.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  first  chapter  of  this  dissertation  uses  parcel-level  tax  assessment  and  sales  transaction  data  to  estimate  the  stringency  of  housing  unit  density  restrictions  at  the  census  tract  level  for  35  metropolitan  areas  in  the  United  States,  focusing  on  the  period  between  2000  and  2020.  I  do  this  by  inferring  the  marginal  regulatory  "cost"  of  building  an  additional  housing  unit,  conditioning  on  a  parcel's  total  acreage  and  developed  floor  space.  Regression  on  variables  from  the  Wharton  land  use  survey  offers  basic  validation  of  this  measure.  I  show  that  the  inferred  unit  regulatory  costs  vary  drastically  across  cities  and  neighborhoods;  they  tend  to  increase  in  both  distance  from  the  central  business  district  and  median  household  income  and  decrease  in  existing  population  density  and  college-educated  population  share.  Finally,  I  show  that  regulatory  costs  tend  to  be  cyclical,  as  the  market  incentive  for  developers  to  build  at  higher  densities  is  strongest  during  boom  periods.The  second  chapter  embeds  density  restrictions  in  an  equilibrium  model  of  housing  markets  where  forward-looking  landowner-developers  choose  the  size  and  number  of  units  to  build,  and  households,  differentiated  by  income,  choose  locations  and  units  in  which  to  live.  I  estimate  the  supply  model  using  parcel-level  housing  data  from  CoreLogic  and  the  demand  model  using  household-level  microdata  from  the  Census  and  American  Community  Survey.  I  then  use  the  estimated  model  to  analyze  a  wide-reaching  counterfactual  reduction  in  density  restrictiveness  in  greater  Washington,  D.C.  beginning  in  the  year  2000;  the  policy  reduces  regulatory  costs  to  the  25th  percentile  level  in  tracts  that  are  at  least  25%  undeveloped  as  of  2000.  This  leads  to  a  39%  increase  in  the  number  of  new  units  built  between  2000  and  2020,  a  4.2%  decline  in  mean  rent,  and  3%  welfare  gains  for  low-income  households  (as  a  share  of  income)  by  2020;  higher-income  households,  especially  renters,  stand  to  lose  from  the  policy  due  to  a  reduction  in  the  number  of  large,  low-density  units.  The  change  in  policy  also  leads  to  more  in-migration  by  lower-income  households  and  attenuates  income  sorting  in  lower-income  neighborhoods.The  final  chapter  investigates  the  extent  to  which  the  geography  of  jobs  drives  occupational  and  spatial  mobility  in  the  United  States.  I  first  show  that,  between  the  1990s  and  2010s,  metro  areas  and  states  generally  became  more  similar  to  each  other  in  terms  of  their  occupational  compositions,  while  occupations  tended  to  converge  in  terms  of  their  geographic  compositions.  I  then  turn  to  a  highly  stylized,  but  empirically  flexible,  model  of  occupation  and  location  choice  to  quantify  the  role  that  spatial  frictions  play  in  occupational  mobility,  and  vice  versa.  While  spatial  frictions  have  a  non-negligible  effect  on  switching  into  and  out  of  particular  occupations  that  are  heavily  concentrated  in  select  rural  or  urban  areas,  the  model  does  not  attribute  the  overall  decline  in  occupational  mobility  since  the  early  1990s  to  these  frictions.  Similarly,  the  contemporaneous  decline  in  spatial  mobility  cannot  be  attributed  to  occupational  re-skilling  frictions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aUrban  planning
■653    ▼aHousing
■653    ▼aLand  use  regulations
■653    ▼aMigration
■653    ▼aOccupational  mobility
■653    ▼aUrban  economics
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0999
■71020▼aYale  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02A.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160531▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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